- ID de l'analyse :
- 62ba5790-4968-4ef4-94c8-f315615580aeTerminée
- URL soumise :
- https://tgragnato.it/2023/12/20/Pulse-Propagation.html
- Fin du rapport :
Liens : 6 trouvé(s)
Liens sortants identifiés à partir de la page
| Lien | texte |
|---|---|
| https://adventofcode.com/2023/day/20 | If you’re new to Advent of Code, it’s an annual event that takes place throughout December, featuring a series of programming puzzles that get progressively more challenging as Christmas approaches. |
| https://github.com/tgragnato | |
| https://linkedin.com/in/tgragnato | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=tg180 | |
| https://gitlab.torproject.org/tgragnato | |
| https://signal.me/#eu/iN-evzfy1ywTQ4WRFeumNrXHYS90EdCWyu_3MT8AzGf46ktEL0RC-ZJnbaow6UD4 |
Variables JavaScript : 4 trouvée(s)
Les variables JavaScript globales chargées dans l'objet fenêtre d'une page sont des variables déclarées en dehors des fonctions et accessibles depuis n'importe quel endroit du code au sein du champ d'application actuel
| Nom | Type |
|---|---|
| onbeforetoggle | object |
| documentPictureInPicture | object |
| onscrollend | object |
| __cfBeacon | object |
Messages de journal de console : 10 trouvé(s)
Messages consignés dans la console web
| Type | Catégorie | Enregistrement |
|---|---|---|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | security |
|
| warning | security |
|
| log | javascript |
|
| warning | other |
|
HTML
Le corps HTML de la page en données brutes
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}) .catch(error => { console.log('Service Worker error:', error); }); } </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "headline": "Pulse Propagation", "description": "Advent of Code 2023 [Day 20]", "datePublished": "2023-12-20T00:00:00+00:00", "dateModified": "2023-12-20T00:00:00+00:00", "author": [{ "@type": "Person", "name": "Tommaso Gragnato", "url": "https://tgragnato.it/" }] }</script> <script defer="" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon="{"token": "929b9085cda74c07b2e2976a05c31231"}"></script></head><body><header><h1>Pulse Propagation</h1><p class="subtitle">Advent of Code 2023 [Day 20]</p><p class="subtitle">20-12-2023</p></header><section class="content"><p>With your help, the Elves manage to find the right parts and fix all of the machines. Now, they just need to send the command to boot up the machines and get the sand flowing again.</p><p>The machines are far apart and wired together with long <strong>cables</strong>. The cables don’t connect to the machines directly, but rather to communication <strong>modules</strong> attached to the machines that perform various initialization tasks and also act as communication relays.</p><p>Modules communicate using <strong>pulses</strong>. Each pulse is either a <strong>high pulse</strong> or a <strong>low pulse</strong>. When a module sends a pulse, it sends that type of pulse to each module in its list of <strong>destination modules</strong>.</p><p>There are several different types of modules:</p><p><strong>Flip-flop</strong> modules (prefix <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%</code>) are either <strong>on</strong> or <strong>off</strong>; they are initially <strong>off</strong>. If a flip-flop module receives a high pulse, it is ignored and nothing happens. However, if a flip-flop module receives a low pulse, it <strong>flips between on and off</strong>. If it was off, it turns on and sends a high pulse. If it was on, it turns off and sends a low pulse.</p><p><strong>Conjunction</strong> modules (prefix <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&</code>) <strong>remember</strong> the type of the most recent pulse received from <strong>each</strong> of their connected input modules; they initially default to remembering a <strong>low pulse</strong> for each input. When a pulse is received, the conjunction module first updates its memory for that input. Then, if it remembers <strong>high pulses</strong> for all inputs, it sends a <strong>low pulse</strong>; otherwise, it sends a <strong>high pulse</strong>.</p><p>There is a single <strong>broadcast module</strong> (named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">broadcaster</code>). When it receives a pulse, it sends the same pulse to all of its destination modules.</p><p>Here at Desert Machine Headquarters, there is a module with a single button on it called, aptly, the <strong>button module</strong>. When you push the button, a single <strong>low pulse</strong> is sent directly to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">broadcaster</code> module.</p><p>After pushing the button, you must wait until all pulses have been delivered and fully handled before pushing it again. Never push the button if modules are still processing pulses.</p><p>Pulses are always processed <strong>in the order they are sent</strong>. So, if a pulse is sent to modules <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code>, and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">c</code>, and then module <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> processes its pulse and sends more pulses, the pulses sent to modules <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">c</code> would have to be handled first.</p><p>The module configuration (your puzzle input) lists each module. The name of the module is preceded by a symbol identifying its type, if any. The name is then followed by an arrow and a list of its destination modules. For example:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>broadcaster -> a, b, c
%a -> b
%b -> c
%c -> inv
&inv -> a
</code></pre></div></div><p>In this module configuration, the broadcaster has three destination modules named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code>, and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">c</code>. Each of these modules is a flip-flop module (as indicated by the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%</code> prefix). <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> outputs to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> which outputs to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">c</code> which outputs to another module named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">inv</code>. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">inv</code> is a conjunction module (as indicated by the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&</code> prefix) which, because it has only one input, acts like an inverter (it sends the opposite of the pulse type it receives); it outputs to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code>.</p><p>By pushing the button once, the following pulses are sent:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>button -low-> broadcaster
broadcaster -low-> a
broadcaster -low-> b
broadcaster -low-> c
a -high-> b
b -high-> c
c -high-> inv
inv -low-> a
a -low-> b
b -low-> c
c -low-> inv
inv -high-> a
</code></pre></div></div><p>After this sequence, the flip-flop modules all end up <strong>off</strong>, so pushing the button again repeats the same sequence.</p><p>Here’s a more interesting example:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>broadcaster -> a
%a -> inv, con
&inv -> b
%b -> con
&con -> output
</code></pre></div></div><p>This module configuration includes the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">broadcaster</code>, two flip-flops (named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code>), a single-input conjunction module (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">inv</code>), a multi-input conjunction module (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code>), and an untyped module named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code> (for testing purposes). The multi-input conjunction module <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> watches the two flip-flop modules and, if they’re both on, sends a <strong>low pulse</strong> to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code> module.</p><p>Here’s what happens if you push the button once:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>button -low-> broadcaster
broadcaster -low-> a
a -high-> inv
a -high-> con
inv -low-> b
con -high-> output
b -high-> con
con -low-> output
</code></pre></div></div><p>Both flip-flops turn on and a low pulse is sent to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code>! However, now that both flip-flops are on and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> remembers a high pulse from each of its two inputs, pushing the button a second time does something different:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>button -low-> broadcaster
broadcaster -low-> a
a -low-> inv
a -low-> con
inv -high-> b
con -high-> output
</code></pre></div></div><p>Flip-flop <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> turns off! Now, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> remembers a low pulse from module <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code>, and so it sends only a high pulse to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code>.</p><p>Push the button a third time:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>button -low-> broadcaster
broadcaster -low-> a
a -high-> inv
a -high-> con
inv -low-> b
con -low-> output
b -low-> con
con -high-> output
</code></pre></div></div><p>This time, flip-flop <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> turns on, then flip-flop <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> turns off. However, before <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> can turn off, the pulse sent to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> is handled first, so <strong>it briefly remembers all high pulses</strong> for its inputs and sends a low pulse to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code>. After that, flip-flop <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> turns off, which causes <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> to update its state and send a high pulse to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">output</code>.</p><p>Finally, with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> on and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">b</code> off, push the button a fourth time:</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>button -low-> broadcaster
broadcaster -low-> a
a -low-> inv
a -low-> con
inv -high-> b
con -high-> output
</code></pre></div></div><p>This completes the cycle: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">a</code> turns off, causing <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">con</code> to remember only low pulses and restoring all modules to their original states.</p><p>To get the cables warmed up, the Elves have pushed the button <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1000</code> times. How many pulses got sent as a result (including the pulses sent by the button itself)?</p><p>In the first example, the same thing happens every time the button is pushed: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">8</code> low pulses and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">4</code> high pulses are sent. So, after pushing the button <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1000</code> times, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">8000</code> low pulses and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">4000</code> high pulses are sent. Multiplying these together gives <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">32000000</code>.</p><p>In the second example, after pushing the button <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1000</code> times, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">4250</code> low pulses and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">2750</code> high pulses are sent. Multiplying these together gives <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">11687500</code>.</p><p>Consult your module configuration; determine the number of low pulses and high pulses that would be sent after pushing the button <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1000</code> times, waiting for all pulses to be fully handled after each push of the button. <strong>What do you get if you multiply the total number of low pulses sent by the total number of high pulses sent?</strong></p><div class="language-go highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="k">const</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Broadcaster</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">iota</span>
<span class="n">FlipFlop</span>
<span class="n">Conjunction</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">dest</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">high</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">Module</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span>
<span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">state</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="n">memory</span> <span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">modules</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"input.txt"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="no">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">defer</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">scanner</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">bufio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NewScanner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scanner</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">scanner</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Text</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">parts</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">strings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">dests</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">strings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">", "</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">var</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">Module</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dests</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"broadcaster"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Broadcaster</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">'%'</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FlipFlop</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">'&'</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">m</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">modules</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">lowCount</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">highCount</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="m">1000</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="n">Pulse</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">pulse</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">highCount</span><span class="o">++</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">lowCount</span><span class="o">++</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">exists</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">continue</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">Broadcaster</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">FlipFlop</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span>
<span class="n">allHigh</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="no">true</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">allHigh</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">allHigh</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Result: %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lowCount</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">highCount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>The final machine responsible for moving the sand down to Island Island has a module attached named <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rx</code>. The machine turns on when a <strong>single low pulse</strong> is sent to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rx</code>.</p><p>Reset all modules to their default states. Waiting for all pulses to be fully handled after each button press, <strong>what is the fewest number of button presses required to deliver a single low pulse to the module named rx?</strong></p><div class="language-go highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="k">const</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Broadcaster</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">iota</span>
<span class="n">FlipFlop</span>
<span class="n">Conjunction</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">dest</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">high</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">Module</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="n">ModuleType</span>
<span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="n">state</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="n">memory</span> <span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">GCD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">b</span>
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">b</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">a</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">LCM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">integers</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">GCD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">integers</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LCM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">integers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">modules</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">initialStates</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"input.txt"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="no">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">defer</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">scanner</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">bufio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NewScanner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scanner</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">scanner</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Text</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">parts</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">strings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">dests</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">strings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s">", "</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">var</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">Module</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dests</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"broadcaster"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Broadcaster</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">'%'</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FlipFlop</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">'&'</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">m</span>
<span class="n">initialStates</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">mtype</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">destinations</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{},</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">state</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">memory</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="no">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">initialStates</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">modules</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">lk</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="n">zv</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="n">sp</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="n">xt</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="n">buttonPresses</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="m">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">buttonPresses</span><span class="o">++</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="n">Pulse</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">pulse</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"lk"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">lk</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">lk</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">buttonPresses</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"zv"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">zv</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">zv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">buttonPresses</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"sp"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">sp</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">sp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">buttonPresses</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"xt"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">xt</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">xt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">buttonPresses</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lk</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">zv</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">sp</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">xt</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">LCM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xt</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exists</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">exists</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">continue</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mtype</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">Broadcaster</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">FlipFlop</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">Conjunction</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span>
<span class="n">allHigh</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="no">true</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">high</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">allHigh</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">false</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destinations</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Pulse</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">allHigh</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div><h2 id="links">Links</h2><p><a href="https://adventofcode.com/2023/day/20">If you’re new to Advent of Code, it’s an annual event that takes place throughout December, featuring a series of programming puzzles that get progressively more challenging as Christmas approaches.</a></p><details> <summary>Click to show the input</summary><pre>%hs -> sl
&dg -> rx
%vp -> fd, dv
%kz -> jc, mc
%nv -> dv
%hx -> gf
%mm -> vh
%fd -> td
&dv -> hx, bl, rc, fd, xt
%hg -> xq
%td -> dv, hx
%bl -> jt
%br -> jq
%qh -> ln
&xq -> zl, cx, qh, hs, nt, sp
%sg -> vv, tr
%dm -> bl, dv
%gt -> xq, hg
%ln -> mq, xq
%mc -> xv, jc
%tx -> rv, jc
&lk -> dg
%mg -> hl, jc
&vv -> zv, br, kx, mm, tr
%nt -> xq, cx
&zv -> dg
%cd -> jc, ps
%rc -> rm, dv
%nj -> pt, xq
broadcaster -> nt, kx, rc, mg
%gf -> dc, dv
%rm -> dm, dv
%xx -> vv, cz
%jt -> dv, vp
%zl -> nj
&sp -> dg
%xc -> jc, kz
&xt -> dg
%tp -> jc
%lc -> vv, vn
%vh -> xx, vv
%mq -> hs, xq
%cc -> vv
%vn -> vv, cc
%tr -> br
%hl -> qb, jc
%dc -> dv, nv
%jq -> mm, vv
%kx -> vv, sg
%cx -> qh
%sl -> zl, xq
%cz -> lc, vv
%qb -> jc, cd
&jc -> ps, xv, lk, mg
%xv -> tx
%pt -> xq, gt
%rv -> jc, tp
%ps -> xc
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