https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karenic_languages

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Eingereichte URL:: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karenic_languages
Bericht beendet:: 20. Okt. 2024, 21:30:35
Links · 56 gefunden

Die von der Seite ausgehenden identifizierten Links
Link	Text
https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva	Donate
https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kar	kar
https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kare1337	kare1337
https://books.google.com/books?id=5MeWSTQ7F44C&q=%22Karen+languages%22&pg=PA44	The Sino-Tibetan Languages
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/burmese.htm	"Burmese/Myanmar script and pronunciation"
http://stedt.berkeley.edu/html/STfamily.html	"The Sino-Tibetan Language Family"
https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.an.20.100191.002345	10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.002345
http://jseals.org/seals21/manson11subgroupingd.pdf	"The subgrouping of Karen"
https://sites.google.com/site/sinotibetanbranches/eastern-sino-tibetan/karenic	"Karenic"
https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F52441	10524/52441
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<title>Karenic languages - Wikipedia</title>
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@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{animation-duration:1s;animation-fill-mode:both;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
#mw-teleport-target{position:absolute;z-index:450}
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}.cn-closeButton{display:inline-block;background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUBAMAAAB/pwA+AAAAElBMVEUAAAAQEBDPz88AAABAQEDv7+9oe1vvAAAABnRSTlMA3rLe3rJS22KzAAAARElEQVQI12PAAUIUQCSTK5BwFgIxFU1AhKECUFAYKAAioXwwBeZChMGCEGGQIFQYJohgIhQgtCEMQ7ECYTHCOciOxA4AADgJTXIb9s8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=) no-repeat;width:20px;height:20px;text-indent:20px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}</style><style>
.cdx-button .mf-icon + span:not(:empty){margin-left:8px}.mf-button-flush-left.cdx-button{margin-left:-6px}.mf-button-flush-left.cdx-button--size-large{margin-left:-12px}.mf-button-flush-right.cdx-button{margin-right:-6px}.mf-button-flush-right.cdx-button--size-large{margin-right:-12px}.mf-button-block.cdx-button--fake-button{border-radius:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:30px}.mf-button-block.cdx-button--fake-button span{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mf-icon-articlesSearch{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-articlesSearch{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-articlesSearch{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-articlesSearch{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M12.43 14.34A5 5 0 0110 15a5 5 0 113.95-2L17 16.09V3a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 001.45-.63z\"/><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .mf-icon-articlesSearch,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .mf-icon-articlesSearch,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .mf-icon-articlesSearch{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-articlesSearch{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M12.43 14.34A5 5 0 0110 15a5 5 0 113.95-2L17 16.09V3a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 001.45-.63z\"/><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M12.43 14.34A5 5 0 0110 15a5 5 0 113.95-2L17 16.09V3a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 001.45-.63z\"/><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}}.mf-icon-clear{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-clear{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-clear{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-clear{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0a10 10 0 1010 10A10 10 0 0010 0m5.66 14.24-1.41 1.41L10 11.41l-4.24 4.25-1.42-1.42L8.59 10 4.34 5.76l1.42-1.42L10 8.59l4.24-4.24 1.41 1.41L11.41 10z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .mf-icon-clear,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .mf-icon-clear,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .mf-icon-clear{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-clear{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0a10 10 0 1010 10A10 10 0 0010 0m5.66 14.24-1.41 1.41L10 11.41l-4.24 4.25-1.42-1.42L8.59 10 4.34 5.76l1.42-1.42L10 8.59l4.24-4.24 1.41 1.41L11.41 10z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0a10 10 0 1010 10A10 10 0 0010 0m5.66 14.24-1.41 1.41L10 11.41l-4.24 4.25-1.42-1.42L8.59 10 4.34 5.76l1.42-1.42L10 8.59l4.24-4.24 1.41 1.41L11.41 10z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}}.mf-icon-error{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-error{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-error{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-error{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M13.728 1H6.272L1 6.272v7.456L6.272 19h7.456L19 13.728V6.272zM11 15H9v-2h2zm0-4H9V5h2z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .mf-icon-error,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .mf-icon-error,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .mf-icon-error{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-error{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M13.728 1H6.272L1 6.272v7.456L6.272 19h7.456L19 13.728V6.272zM11 15H9v-2h2zm0-4H9V5h2z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M13.728 1H6.272L1 6.272v7.456L6.272 19h7.456L19 13.728V6.272zM11 15H9v-2h2zm0-4H9V5h2z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}}.mf-icon-reference{ min-width:16px;min-height:16px;width:1rem;height:1rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-reference{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1rem,16px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-reference{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-reference{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m15 10-2.78-2.78L9.44 10V1H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V3a2 2 0 00-2-2z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .mf-icon-reference,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .mf-icon-reference,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .mf-icon-reference{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-reference{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m15 10-2.78-2.78L9.44 10V1H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V3a2 2 0 00-2-2z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m15 10-2.78-2.78L9.44 10V1H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V3a2 2 0 00-2-2z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}}.mf-icon-image{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-image{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-image{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-image{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M2 2a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h16a2 2 0 002-2V4a2 2 0 00-2-2zm-.17 13 4.09-5.25 2.92 3.51L12.92 8l5.25 7z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .mf-icon-image,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .mf-icon-image,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .mf-icon-image{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-image{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M2 2a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h16a2 2 0 002-2V4a2 2 0 00-2-2zm-.17 13 4.09-5.25 2.92 3.51L12.92 8l5.25 7z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M2 2a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h16a2 2 0 002-2V4a2 2 0 00-2-2zm-.17 13 4.09-5.25 2.92 3.51L12.92 8l5.25 7z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}} .panel > p{padding:1em}.panel input,.panel textarea{border-radius:0;padding:16px 1em}.mw-body > .content .panel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0);clear:both;margin-top:1em;text-align:center}.mf-spinner-icon-element{padding:12px}.mf-spinner-icon-element span + span{display:block;position:absolute !important; clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;border:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden}.promised-view{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.mw-mf-anchor{color:var(--color-progressive,#36c);border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none}.mw-mf-anchor:visited{color:var(--color-visited,#6a60b0)}.mw-mf-anchor:visited:hover{color:var(--color-visited,#6a60b0)}.mw-mf-anchor:hover{color:var(--color-progressive--hover,#4b77d6);text-decoration:underline}.mw-mf-anchor:active{color:var(--color-progressive--active,#233566);text-decoration:underline}.mw-mf-anchor:focus-visible{outline:solid 2px var(--outline-color-progressive--focus,#36c)}@supports not selector(:focus-visible){.mw-mf-anchor:focus{outline:solid 2px var(--outline-color-progressive--focus,#36c)}}.mw-mf-anchor .cdx-icon:not(.cdx-thumbnail__placeholder__icon--vue):last-child{min-width:12px;min-height:12px;width:1rem;height:1rem;padding-left:4px;vertical-align:middle}.mw-mf-anchor-progressive{text-decoration:underline}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive{color:var(--color-destructive,#d73333)}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive:visited{color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#9f5555)}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive:visited:hover{color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#9f5555)}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive:hover{color:var(--color-destructive--hover,#fc493b);text-decoration:underline}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive:active{color:var(--color-destructive--active,#9f3526);text-decoration:underline}.mw-mf-anchor-destructive:focus{outline-color:var(--outline-color-progressive--focus,#36c)}.drawer{text-align:center;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:1em;max-width:500px;margin:0 auto}.drawer.text{font-size:0.9em;text-align:left;padding-top:0.5em}.drawer p{margin-top:0.5em}.drawer p,.drawer a:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:1em}.has-drawer--with-scroll-locked{overflow:hidden}.overlay-enabled .drawer{display:none !important}.drawer-container__mask{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);transition:opacity 100ms ease-in-out;opacity:0;top:0}.drawer-container__mask--visible{opacity:0.2}.overlay.overlay-loading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.overlay.overlay-loading .header{display:none}.overlay.overlay-loading .overlay-content{overflow:hidden} .overlay-enabled #mw-mf-page-center{overflow:hidden;display:block}.overlay-enabled .overlay,.overlay-enabled #mw-mf-page-center{height:100%}.hidden{display:none !important}.overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);z-index:1;display:none}.overlay .cdx-button{border-radius:0}.overlay.visible{display:block}.overlay input,.overlay textarea{font-size:16px}.overlay .summary.oo-ui-textInputWidget{max-width:none}.overlay .summary.oo-ui-textInputWidget textarea{width:100%}.overlay .captcha-word{margin:0 0 0.7em;width:100%}.overlay .wikitext-editor{min-height:50%;line-height:1.5;border:0}.overlay .panel{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#dadde3)}.overlay-header .overlay-title{width:100%}.overlay-header .header-action a[disabled],.overlay-header .header-action button[disabled]{opacity:0.5}.overlay-header .header-action .oo-ui-widget{margin-right:1em}.overlay-header .submit{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive,#36c);color:var(--color-inverted,#fff)}.overlay-header h2{display:table;width:100%;font-size:1em}.overlay-header h2 > *{width:1em;display:table-cell;padding-right:0.4em}.overlay-header h2 span{width:auto;max-width:1em}.overlay-header > ul li{display:block}.overlay-header-container,.overlay-footer-container{width:100%;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);z-index:2}.overlay-header-container.position-fixed,.overlay-footer-container.position-fixed{position:fixed;left:0;right:0}.overlay-header-container{top:0}.overlay-footer-container{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);bottom:0;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1)}.overlay-footer-container a{display:block;padding:1em 1em 1em 10px;line-height:1em;text-align:center}.overlay-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);top:auto;bottom:0;height:auto !important;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.overlay-bottom .overlay-header-container{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}@media all and (min-width:640px){.overlay .panel{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:12px}}.client-js .collapsible-heading{cursor:pointer}.client-js .collapsible-heading-disabled{cursor:default}.client-js .collapsible-heading-disabled .indicator{opacity:0.5}.client-js .section-heading{display:flex;align-items:center}.client-js .section-heading .indicator{max-height:32px}@media print{.collapsible-heading .indicator{display:none}.client-js .collapsible-block{display:block;content-visibility:visible}}.language-overlay,.language-info-overlay{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)}.language-overlay .overlay-content,.language-info-overlay .overlay-content{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0);position:relative;min-height:100%}.drawer.references-drawer{background-color:#000;color:#c8ccd1;max-height:50%;overflow-y:auto;padding:10px 20px 20px 20px}.drawer.references-drawer a{color:#69f}.drawer.references-drawer a.new{color:var(--color-destructive,#d73333)}.drawer.references-drawer img{filter:invert(1)}.drawer.references-drawer .references-drawer__header{display:flex;align-items:center;padding-bottom:20px}.drawer.references-drawer .references-drawer__title{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d);cursor:default;letter-spacing:0.2em;font-size:0.75em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:1em;flex-grow:1}.drawer.references-drawer .main-reference-content{display:inline;margin-left:0.2em;word-break:break-word}@media all and (min-width:640px){.drawer.references-drawer{max-height:400px}}.mf-icon-reference{ min-width:16px;min-height:16px;width:1rem;height:1rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.mf-icon-reference{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1rem,16px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.mf-icon-reference{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; 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transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--settings,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--settings,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--settings{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--settings{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><g transform=\"translate(10 10)\"><path id=\"cdx-icon-settings-a\" d=\"M1.5-10h-3l-1 6.5h5m0 7h-5l1 6.5h3\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(45)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(90)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><g transform=\"translate(10 10)\"><path id=\"cdx-icon-settings-a\" d=\"M1.5-10h-3l-1 6.5h5m0 7h-5l1 6.5h3\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(45)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(90)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}.popups-icon--infoFilled{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--infoFilled{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--infoFilled,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--infoFilled,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--infoFilled{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--infoFilled{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar){background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M8 19a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-1H8zm9-12a7 7 0 10-12 4.9S7 14 7 15v1a1 1 0 001 1h4a1 1 0 001-1v-1c0-1 2-3.1 2-3.1A7 7 0 0017 7\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar),.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar),.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive 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min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--close{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--close{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--close{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--close,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--close,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--close{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--close{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}.popups-icon--footer{background-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/src/ui/icons/footer-ltr.svg?9d590)}.popups-icon--preview-generic{mask-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/src/ui/icons/sad-face-ltr.svg?d9aab);background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}#mwe-popups-settings{z-index:1000;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);width:420px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2);border-radius:2px;font-size:14px}#mwe-popups-settings header{box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);position:relative;display:table;width:100%;padding:5px 7px}#mwe-popups-settings header > div{display:table-cell;width:3.25rem;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}#mwe-popups-settings header h1{margin-bottom:0.6em;padding-top:0.5em;border:0;width:100%;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form{display:block;width:350px;padding:32px 0 24px;margin:0 auto}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form p{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d);font-size:14px;margin:16px 0 0}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form p:first-child{margin-top:0}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form img{margin-right:60px}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label{font-size:13px;line-height:16px;width:300px;margin-left:10px;flex-direction:column}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label > span{color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418);font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:5px}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label::before{top:0.78125em !important}.mwe-popups-settings-help{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin:40px;position:relative}.mwe-popups-settings-help .popups-icon{background-size:contain;width:180px;max-width:none;height:140px;margin:0;padding:0}.mwe-popups-settings-help p{left:180px;bottom:20px;position:absolute}.mwe-popups{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);position:absolute;z-index:110;box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 0 1px var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:0;display:none;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;min-width:300px;border-radius:2px; }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container{color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer{padding:0 16px 16px;margin:0;position:absolute;bottom:0;pointer-events:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer a{pointer-events:auto}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-settings-button{float:right;pointer-events:auto;min-width:32px !important; min-height:32px !important; }.mwe-popups 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Karen languages" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Karen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Karen (disambiguation)">Karen</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Karen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Karenic languages</b> are <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal languages</a> spoken by some 4.5 million <a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e22_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are of unclear affiliation within the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurgood_LaPolla-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  The Karen languages are written using the <a href="/wiki/Karen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen script">Karen script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three main branches are <a href="/wiki/Sgaw_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgaw Karen language">Sgaw</a> (commonly known as Karen), <a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_language" title="Pa'O language">Pa'O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Karenni</a> (also known as Kayah or Red Karen) and <a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Kayan</a> (also known as Padaung) are a branch of Karen languages. They are unusual among the Sino-Tibetan languages in having a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a> word order; other than Karen, <a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese languages</a>, Sino-Tibetan languages have a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a> order.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is likely due to influence from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Mon_language" title="Mon language">Mon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matisoff_1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matisoff_1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: salmon;">Karenic</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br>distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">South-eastern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, Western <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.5 million&nbsp;(2017)<sup id="cite_ref-e22_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Karenic</b></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proto-language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sgaw_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_language" title="Pa'O language">Pa'O</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo Karen">Pwo</a></li></ul>
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">5</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kar" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kar">kar</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kare1337">kare1337</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karen_languages_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Karen_languages_map.svg/300px-Karen_languages_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Karen_languages_map.svg/450px-Karen_languages_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Karen_languages_map.svg/600px-Karen_languages_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="932"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Classification"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Classification</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Manson_(2011)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Manson (2011)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Shintani_(2012)"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Shintani (2012)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Luangthongkum_(2019)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Luangthongkum (2019)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Reconstruction"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Reconstruction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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</section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Because they differ from other Tibeto-Burman languages in morphology and syntax, <a href="/wiki/Paul_K._Benedict" title="Paul K. Benedict">Benedict</a> (1972: 2–4, 129) removed the Karen languages from Tibeto-Burman in a Tibeto-Karen branch, but this is no longer accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurgood_LaPolla-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Matisoff_1991_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matisoff_1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A common geographical classification distinguishes three groups:
</p>
<dl><dt>Northern</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o language">Pa’o</a></dd>
<dt>Central</dt>
<dd>The area of greatest diversity, including <a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Kayah</a> (Red Karen or Karenni), <a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a> (Brek), <a href="/wiki/Bwe_Karen_language" title="Bwe Karen language">Bwe</a> (Bghai), <a href="/wiki/Geba_Karen_language" title="Geba Karen language">Geba</a> and many more.</dd>
<dt>Southern</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo Karen language">Pwo</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></dd></dl>
<p><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Kayan</a> (Padaung) is transitional between the northern and central groups.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
The languages with the most speakers are Sgaw, Pwo and Pa’o.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manson_(2011)"><span id="Manson_.282011.29"></span>Manson (2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Manson (2011) classifies the Karen languages as follows, with each primary branch characterized by phonological innovations:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dt>Karen</dt></dl>
<ul><li>Peripheral: proto-voiceless stop initials appearing as aspirated stops (e.g. *p &gt; pʰ)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o language">Pa’o</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Northern: merger of nasal finals (e.g. *am, *an &gt; aɴ), merger of stop-final rhymes with the open counterpart (e.g. *aʔ, *a &gt; a)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Kayan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lahta_language" title="Lahta language">Lahta</a></li>
<li>Yinbaw/Kayan</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yintale_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yintale language">Yintale</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Central: vowel raising (e.g. *a &gt; ɛ)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Kayah_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Kayah language">Western Kayah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Kayah_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Kayah language">Eastern Kayah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geba language">Geba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bwe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bwe language">Bwe</a></li>
<li>Paku (?)</li>
<li>Geker/Kayan Geku, <a href="/wiki/Geko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geko language">Gekho</a> (?; may be Central or Southern)</li>
<li>Kayaw, Manu (?; may be Central or Southern)</li></ul></li>
<li>Southern: merger of nasal-final rhymes, with the rhyme subsequently raised (e.g. *am, *aŋ &gt; ɔ)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">Sgaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paku language">Paku</a></li>
<li>Dermuha, Palaychi</li></ul></li></ul>
<p>The classifications of Geker, Gekho, Kayaw, and Manu are ambiguous, as they may be either Central or Southern.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shintani_(2012)"><span id="Shintani_.282012.29"></span>Shintani (2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><a href="/wiki/Shintani_Tadahiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Shintani Tadahiko">Shintani Tadahiko</a> (2012:x)<sup id="cite_ref-Shintani2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shintani2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives the following tentative classification, proposed in 2002, for what he calls the "Brakaloungic" languages, of which Karen is a branch. Individual languages are marked in italics.
</p>
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<ul><li><b>Brakaloungic</b>
<ul><li>Pao
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o language">Pao</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li>Karen
<ul><li>Kayah-Padaung
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Kayah</a></i></li>
<li>Pado-Thaido-Gekho
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaidai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaidai language">Thaidai</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Pado-Gekho
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geko language">Gekho</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Padaung
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Padaung</a></i> (<i>Kayan</i>)</li>
<li><i>Gekho</i> (<i>Yathu Gekho</i>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>Bwe
<ul><li>Bweba-Kayaw
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></i></li>
<li>Bweba
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geba language">Geba</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Brek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Brek language">Bwe</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>Sgaw-Pwo
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a></i></li>
<li>Mobwa
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mopwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mopwa language">Mopwa</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Blimaw_language" title="Blimaw language">Blimaw</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>Pako-Sgaw
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></i></li>
<li>Pakubwa
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paku language">Paku</a></i></li>
<li><i>Monebwa</i></li>
<li><i>Thalebwa</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div>
<p>However, at the time of publication, <a href="/wiki/Shintani_Tadahiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Shintani Tadahiko">Shintani</a> (2012) reports that there are more than 40 Brakaloungic languages and/or dialects, many of which have only been recently reported and documented. Shintani also reports that Mon influence is present in all Brakaloungic languages, while some also have significant Burmese and Shan influence.
</p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Kayan languages</a></b> are spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah State</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan State</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/Karen_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen State">Karen State</a>. There are four branches according to Shintani (2016),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namely Kangan ("lowland dwellers"), Kakhaung ("highland dwellers"), Lawi ("South"), and Latha ("North").<sup id="cite_ref-Kadaw_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadaw-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Nangki</b> (sometimes called Langki), documented in Shintani (2016), is one of the Kayan languages belonging to the Kakhaung subgroup. It is spoken only in one village.
</p><p><b>Kadaw</b> is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah State</a>, and has <a href="/wiki/Nasalized_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasalized vowel">nasalized vowels</a> but no final <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal consonants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kadaw_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadaw-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has more Burmese than Shan influence. <b>Thamidai</b> is yet another Karenic language.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Below is a classification of the Karenic languages by Hsiu (2019) based on a phylogenetic analysis of Shintani's published lexical data. The results support the overall structure of Shintani's (2012) classification.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview">
<ul><li><b>Karenic</b>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o language">Pa'o</a>
<ul><li>Northern</li>
<li>Southern</li></ul></li>
<li>Karen
<ul><li>Kayan (Padaungic)
<ul><li>Kayin Phyu</li>
<li>Yathu Gekho</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thaidai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaidai language">Thaidai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Padaung</a> cluster: Padaung, Yinbaw, Kangan ("lowland") Kayan, Kakhaung ("highland") Kayan</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geko language">Gekho</a> cluster: Gekho, Kadaw, Taungmying</li>
<li>Nagi (Nangki) Kayan</li>
<li>Latha ("North") Kayan, Zayein</li>
<li>Thamidai</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Kayah</a> (Karenni)
<ul><li>West Kayah, Manaw</li>
<li>Yingtalay</li></ul></li>
<li>Manu-Bwe
<ul><li>Manu</li>
<li>Bwe
<ul><li>East <a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></li>
<li>West <a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Brek language">Bwe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geba language">Geba</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>Mopwa-Pwo-Sgaw
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mopwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mopwa language">Mopwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blimaw_language" title="Blimaw language">Blimaw</a></li>
<li>Pwo-Sgaw
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a></li>
<li>Sgaw cluster
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></li>
<li>Monebwa, <a href="/wiki/Paku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paku language">Paku</a></li>
<li>Thalebwa</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luangthongkum_(2019)"><span id="Luangthongkum_.282019.29"></span>Luangthongkum (2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><a href="/wiki/Theraphan_Luangthongkum" title="Theraphan Luangthongkum">Luangthongkum</a> (2019) recognizes three branches of Proto-Karen, namely Northern, Central, and Southern, but is agnostic about how the three branches fit together.<sup id="cite_ref-LT2019_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LT2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dt>Karenic</dt></dl>
<ul><li><i>Northern</i>
<ul><li>Northern <a href="/wiki/Pa-O_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-O language">Pa-O</a></li>
<li>Southern <a href="/wiki/Pa-O_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-O language">Pa-O</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>Central</i>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Kayan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Kayah</a></li>
<li>Western Bwe (<a href="/wiki/Blimaw_language" title="Blimaw language">Blimaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Geba language">Geba</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>Southern</i>
<ul><li>Northern <a href="/wiki/Sgaw_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></li>
<li>Southern <a href="/wiki/Sgaw_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgaw Karen language">Sgaw</a></li>
<li>Northern <a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo Karen language">Pwo</a></li>
<li>Southern <a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo Karen language">Pwo</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<p><i>Note</i>: Western Bwe Karen (Blimaw, Geba) preserves the implosives or preglottalised obstruents ɓ/ʔb and ɗ/ʔd, as well as voiceless sonorants such as hn, hl, and so forth.
</p>
</section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic language</a></div>
</section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-e22-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e22_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e22_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2019" class="citation book cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i> (22nd&nbsp;ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&amp;rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&amp;rft.edition=22nd&amp;rft.pub=SIL+International&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Thurgood_LaPolla-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_3-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thurgood_LaPolla_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Thurgood,_Randy_J._LaPolla2003" class="citation book cs1">Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5MeWSTQ7F44C&amp;q=%22Karen+languages%22&amp;pg=PA44"><i>The Sino-Tibetan Languages</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1129-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1129-5"><bdi>0-7007-1129-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sino-Tibetan+Languages&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-7007-1129-5&amp;rft.au=Graham+Thurgood%2C+Randy+J.+LaPolla&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5MeWSTQ7F44C%26q%3D%2522Karen%2Blanguages%2522%26pg%3DPA44&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/burmese.htm">"Burmese/Myanmar script and pronunciation"</a>. <i>Omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Omniglot.com&amp;rft.atitle=Burmese%2FMyanmar+script+and+pronunciation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fburmese.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Matisoff_1991-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matisoff_1991_6-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matisoff_1991_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatisoff1991" class="citation journal cs1">Matisoff, James A. (1991). "Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects". <i>Annual Review of Anthropology</i>. <b>20</b>. Annual Reviews Inc.: 469–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.an.20.100191.002345">10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.002345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Anthropology&amp;rft.atitle=Sino-Tibetan+Linguistics%3A+Present+State+and+Future+Prospects&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.pages=469-504&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.an.20.100191.002345&amp;rft.aulast=Matisoff&amp;rft.aufirst=James+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolnit2017" class="citation book cs1">Solnit, David (2017). "Eastern Kayah Li". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.). <i>The Sino-Tibetan Languages</i> (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Routledge. pp.&nbsp;932–941. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-78332-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-78332-4"><bdi>978-1-138-78332-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Eastern+Kayah+Li&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sino-Tibetan+Languages&amp;rft.pages=932-941&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-138-78332-4&amp;rft.aulast=Solnit&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span> p. 933.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManson2011" class="citation web cs1">Manson, Ken (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jseals.org/seals21/manson11subgroupingd.pdf">"The subgrouping of Karen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Southeast Asian Linguistics Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+subgrouping+of+Karen&amp;rft.pub=Southeast+Asian+Linguistics+Society&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.aulast=Manson&amp;rft.aufirst=Ken&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjseals.org%2Fseals21%2Fmanson11subgroupingd.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Shintani2012-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shintani2012_9-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shintani_Tadahiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Shintani Tadahiko">Shintani Tadahiko</a> (2012). <i>A handbook of comparative Brakaloungic languages</i>. Tokyo: ILCAA.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani Tadahiko. 2018. <i>The Thaidai language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 116. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani Tadahiko. 2017. <i>The Gokhu language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 111. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani, Tadahiko. 2017. <i>The Blimaw language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 112. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani Tadahiko. 2016. <i>The Nangki language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 109. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kadaw-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kadaw_14-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kadaw_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani Tadahiko. 2015. <i>The Kadaw language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 106. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020. <i>The Thamidai language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 126. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiu2019" class="citation web cs1">Hsiu, Andrew (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/sinotibetanbranches/eastern-sino-tibetan/karenic">"Karenic"</a>. <i>Sino-Tibetan Branches Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sino-Tibetan+Branches+Project&amp;rft.atitle=Karenic&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.aulast=Hsiu&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fsinotibetanbranches%2Feastern-sino-tibetan%2Fkarenic&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LT2019-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LT2019_17-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuangthongkum2019" class="citation journal cs1">Luangthongkum, Theraphan (2019). "A View on Proto-Karen Phonology and Lexicon". <i>Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society</i>. <b>12</b> (1): i–lii. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F52441">10524/52441</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1836-6821">1836-6821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Southeast+Asian+Linguistics+Society&amp;rft.atitle=A+View+on+Proto-Karen+Phonology+and+Lexicon&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=i-lii&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10524%2F52441&amp;rft.issn=1836-6821&amp;rft.aulast=Luangthongkum&amp;rft.aufirst=Theraphan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarenic+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<ul><li>George van Driem (2001) <i>Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.</i> Brill.</li></ul>
</section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>Dawkins, Erin and Audra Phillips (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/A%20Sociolinguistic%20Survey%20of%20Pwo%20Karen%20in%20Northern%20Thailand.pdf">A Sociolinguistic Survey of Pwo Karen in Northern Thailand</a></i> Chiang Mai: Payap University.</li>
<li>Dawkins, Erin and Audra Phillips (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/An%20Investigation%20of%20Intelligibility%20Between%20West-Central%20Thailand%20Pwo%20Karen%20and%20Northern%20Pwo%20Karen.pdf">An investigation of intelligibility between West-Central Thailand Pwo Karen and Northern Pwo Karen</a>.</i> Chiang Mai: Payap University.</li>
<li>Manson, Ken. 2010. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/215262/A_bibliography_of_Karen_linguistics">A bibliography of Karen linguistics</a></i></li></ul>
<p><b>Reconstructions</b>
</p>
<ul><li>Jones, Robert B. Jr. 1961. <i>Karen linguistic studies: Description, comparison, and texts</i>. University of California Publications in Linguistics 25. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</li>
<li>Luangthongkum, Theraphan. 2013. <i>A view on Proto-Karen phonology and lexicon</i>. Unpublished ms. contributed to STEDT.</li></ul>
<p><b>Vocabulary lists</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadahiko_Shintani" title="Tadahiko Shintani">Shintani, Tadahiko</a>. 2014. <i>The Zayein language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 102. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</li>
<li>Shintani, Tadahiko. 2015. <i>The Kadaw language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 106. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</li>
<li>Shintani, Tadahiko. 2016. <i>The Nangki language</i>. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 109. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).</li></ul>
</section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks08/0801341p.pdf">Free Anglo-Karen Dictionary</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks09/0900201p.pdf">A grammar of the Sgaw Karen</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drumpublications.org/">Drum Publication Group</a>—Online Sgaw Karen language materials. Includes an online English - Sgaw Karen Dictionary.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ktwg.org/">Karen Teacher Working Group</a>—Several Karen fonts available for download.</li></ul>
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	    <h4>Languages</h4>
	    <section>
	        <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul>
	        <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kar%C3%A9niques" title="Llingües karéniques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües karéniques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_karenek" title="Yezhoù karenek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù karenek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_kar%C3%A8niques" title="Llengües karèniques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües karèniques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karenische_Sprachen" title="Karenische Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karenische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_kar%C3%A9nicas" title="Lenguas karénicas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas karénicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های کارنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های کارنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen" title="Karen – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Karen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_karens" title="Langues karens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues karens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_kar%C3%A9nicas" title="Linguas karénicas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas karénicas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A0%8C%EC%96%B4" title="카렌어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카렌어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="करेन भाषाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="करेन भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karenski_jezici" title="Karenski jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karenski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_karen" title="Lingue karen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue karen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Karenų kalbos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karenų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာသာကရေင် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဘာသာကရေင်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကရင်နွယ်ဘာသာစကားများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကရင်နွယ်ဘာသာစကားများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="करेन भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="करेन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="カレン諸語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カレン諸語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_karenicas" title="Lengas karenicas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas karenicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਕਰੇਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰੇਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="کارین بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارین بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_kare%C5%84skie" title="Języki kareńskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki kareńskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_karen" title="Línguas karen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas karen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Каренские языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каренские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_languages" title="Karen languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karen languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Kareniko" title="Mga wikang Kareniko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga wikang Kareniko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၽႃႇသႃႇယၢင်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽႃႇသႃႇယၢင်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="กลุ่มภาษากะเหรี่ยง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษากะเหรี่ยง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Karen" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Karen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Karen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="克伦语支 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克伦语支" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul>
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