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class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-hidden"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-background"></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-header"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-btn"><button class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df btn-close">×</button></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-content"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-info"><b class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">Table Of Content</b><p class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df page-content">P
In memory of Amos Tversky
P
Contents
Introduction
Part I. Two Systems
1. The Characters of the Story
2. Attention and Effort
3. The Lazy Controller
4. The Associative Machine
5. Cognitive Ease
6. Norms, Surprises, and Causes
7. A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
8. How Judgments Happen
9. Answering an Easier Question
Part II. Heuristics and Biases
10. The Law of Small Numbers
<5>
11. Anchors
12. The Science of Availability
13. Availability, Emotion, and Risk
14. Tom W’s Specialty
15. Linda: Less is More
16. Causes Trump Statistics
17. Regression to the Mean
18. Taming Intuitive Predictions
Part III. Overconfidence
19. The Illusion of Understanding
20. The Illusion of Validity
21. Intuitions Vs. Formulas
22. Expert Intuition: When Can We Trust It?
23. The Outside View
24. The Engine of Capitalism
Part IV. Choices
25. Bernoulli’s Errors
26. Prospect Theory
27. The Endowment Effect
28. Bad Events
29. The Fourfold Pattern
30. Rare Events
31. Risk Policies
32. Keeping Score
33. Reversals
34. Frames and Reality
Part V. Two Selves
35. Two Selves
36. Life as a Story
37. Experienced Well-Being
38. Thinking About Life
Conclusions
Appendix A: Judgment Under Uncertainty
Appendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
P
Introduction
Every author, I suppose, has in mind a setting in which readers of his
or her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial
office watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is
exchanged. I hope to enrich the vocabulary that people use when
they talk about the judgments and choices of others, the company’s
new policies, or a colleague’s investment decisions. Why be
concerned with gossip? Because it is much easier, as well as far
more enjoyable, to identify and label the mistakes of others than to
recognize our own. Questioning what we believe and want is difficult
at the best of times, and especially difficult when we most need to do
it, but we can benefit from the informed opinions of others. Many of
us spontaneously anticipate how friends and colleagues will evaluate
our choices; the quality and content of these anticipated judgments
therefore matters. The expectation of intelligent gossip is a powerful
motive for serious self-criticism, more powerful than New Year
resolutions to improve one’s decision making at work and at home.
To be a good diagnostician, a physician needs to acquire a large
set of labels for diseases, each of which binds an idea of the illness
and its symptoms, possible antecedents and causes, possible
developments and consequences, and possible interventions to cure
or mitigate the illness. Learning medicine consists in part of learning
the language of medicine. A deeper understanding of judgments and
choices also requires a richer vocabulary than is available in
everyday language. The hope for informed gossip is that there are
distinctive patterns in the errors people make. Systematic errors are
known as biases, and they recur predictably in particular
circumstances. When the handsome and confident speaker bounds
onto the stage, for example, you can anticipate that the audience will
judge his comments more favorably than he deserves. The
availability of a diagnostic label for this bias—the halo effect—makes
it easier to anticipate, recognize, and understand.
When you are asked what you are thinking about, you can
normally answer. You believe you know what goes on in your mind,
which often consists of one conscious thought leading in an orderly
way to another. But that is not the only way the mind works, nor
indeed is that the typical way. Most impressions and thoughts arise
in your conscious experience without your knowing how they got
there. You cannot tracryd>e how you came to the belief that there is
a lamp on the desk in front of you, or how you detected a hint of
irritation in your spouse’s voice on the telephone, or how you
managed to avoid a threat on the road before you became
consciously aware of it. The mental work that produces impressions,
intuitions, and many decisions goes on in silence in our mind.
Much of the discussion in this book is about biases of intuition.
However, the focus on error does not denigrate human intelligence,
any more than the attention to diseases in medical texts denies good
health. Most of us are healthy most of the time, and most of our
judgments and actions are appropriate most of the time. As we
navigate our lives, we normally allow ourselves to be guided by
impressions and feelings, and the confidence we have in our intuitive
beliefs and preferences is usually justified. But not always. We are
often confident even when we are wrong, and an objective observer
is more likely to detect our errors than we are.
So this is my aim for watercooler conversations: improve the
ability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice, in
others and eventually in ourselves, by providing a richer and more
precise language to discuss them. In at least some cases, an
accurate diagnosis may suggest an intervention to limit the damage
that bad judgments and choices often cause.
Origins
This book presents my current understanding of judgment and
decision making, which has been shaped by psychological
discoveries of recent decades. However, I trace the central ideas to
the lucky day in 1969 when I asked a colleague to speak as a guest
to a seminar I was teaching in the Department of Psychology at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Amos Tversky was considered a
rising star in the field of decision research—indeed, in anything he
did—so I knew we would have an interesting time. Many people who
knew Amos thought he was the most intelligent person they had ever
met. He was brilliant, voluble, and charismatic. He was also blessed
with a perfect memory for jokes and an exceptional ability to use
them to make a point. There was never a dull moment when Amos
was around. He was then thirty-two; I was thirty-five.
Amos told the class about an ongoing program of research at the
University of Michigan that sought to answer this question: Are
people good intuitive statisticians? We already knew that people are
good intuitive grammarians: at age four a child effortlessly conforms
to the rules of grammar as she speaks, although she has no idea
that such rules exist. Do people have a similar intuitive feel for the
basic principles of statistics? Amos reported that the answer was a
qualified yes. We had a lively debate in the seminar and ultimately
concluded that a qualified no was a better answer.
Amos and I enjoyed the exchange and concluded that intuitive
statistics was an interesting topic and that it would be fun to explore
it together. That Friday we met for lunch at Café Rimon, the favorite
hangout of bohemians and professors in Jerusalem, and planned a
study of the statistical intuitions of sophisticated researchers. We
had concluded in the seminar that our own intuitions were deficient.
In spite of years of teaching and using statistics, we had not
developed an intuitive sense of the reliability of statistical results
observed in small samples. Our subjective judgments were biased:
we were far too willing to believe research findings based on
inadequate evidence and prone to collect too few observations in our
own research. The goal of our study was to examine whether other
researchers suffered from the same affliction.
We prepared a survey that included realistic scenarios of
statistical issues that arise in research. Amos collected the
responses of a group of expert participants in a meeting of the
Society of Mathematical Psychology, including the authors of two
statistical textbooks. As expected, we found that our expert</p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-hidden"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-background"></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-error-header"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-btn"><button class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df btn-close">×</button></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-error-content"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df modal-info"></div></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ads1"></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df container"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df detail-container"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df detail-left"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook-frame"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook-left"><img src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/9203d5e7-73c4-45fe-9c44-ec4c5a241460.webp" alt="ebook img" width="210" height="300" loading="lazy" title="ebook img" class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook-img"></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook-right"><h1 class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ebook-title">Thinking Fast and Slow PDF</h1><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df file-info"><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">533<!-- --> Pages</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df dot">·</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">2013</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df dot">·</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">3.39<!-- --> MB</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df dot">·</span><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">english</span></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df author">by <span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df"><a href="/author/daniel-kahneman" class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df author-name">Daniel Kahneman</a></span></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df tags"><span style="margin-right:5px" class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df"><a href="/top-psychology-neuropsychology-books" class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">#<!-- -->Psychology - Neuropsychology<!-- --> </a></span></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df btn-container"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df hint-progress invisible"><i class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">Checking for file health...</i></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df progress invisible"><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df progress-bar "></div></div><div class="jsx-27c21ff6cf33a438 download-content"><div class="jsx-27c21ff6cf33a438 download-group"><a href="/filedownload/thinking-fast-and-slow-19" class="jsx-27c21ff6cf33a438 btn-download">Download</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="jsx-2ef0af5aad58e0f1 premium-container"><div class="jsx-563764575"><a href="/premium" rel="nofollow" class="jsx-563764575 premium-btn animated-button7"><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><svg id="icon-diamond" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="#fff" width="40" height="40" class="jsx-563764575"><path d="M2.103 12.052l13.398 16.629-5.373-16.629h-8.025zM11.584 12.052l4.745 16.663 4.083-16.663h-8.828zM17.051 28.681l12.898-16.629h-7.963l-4.935 16.629zM29.979 10.964l-3.867-6.612-3.869 6.612h7.736zM24.896 3.973h-7.736l3.867 6.839 3.869-6.839zM19.838 10.964l-3.867-6.612-3.868 6.612h7.735zM14.839 3.973h-7.735l3.868 6.839 3.867-6.839zM5.889 4.352l-3.867 6.612h7.735l-3.868-6.612z" class="jsx-563764575"></path></svg>Upgrade Premium</a></div><div class="jsx-2ef0af5aad58e0f1 limit-description-normal">Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.</div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ads3"></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df mobile-ads"></div><h2 class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df summary-title">Preview <i class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">Thinking Fast and Slow</i></h2><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df summary"><p class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df summary-content">P
In memory of Amos Tversky
P
Contents
Introduction
Part I. Two Systems
1. The Characters of the Story
2. Attention and Effort
3. The Lazy Controller
4. The Associative Machine
5. Cognitive Ease
6. Norms, Surprises, and Causes
7. A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
8. How Judgments Happen
9. Answering an Easier Question
Part II. Heuristics and Biases
10. The Law of Small Numbers
<5>
11. Anchors
12. The Science of Availability
13. Availability, Emotion, and Risk
14. Tom W’s Specialty
15. Linda: Less is More
16. Causes Trump Statistics
17. Regression to the Mean
18. Taming Intuitive Predictions
Part III. Overconfidence
19. The Illusion of Understanding
20. The Illusion of Validity
21. Intuitions Vs. Formulas
22. Expert Intuition: When Can We Trust It?
23. The Outside View
24. The Engine of Capitalism
Part IV. Choices
25. Bernoulli’s Errors
26. Prospect Theory
27. The Endowment Effect
28. Bad Events
29. The Fourfold Pattern
30. Rare Events
31. Risk Policies
32. Keeping Score
33. Reversals
34. Frames and Reality
Part V. Two Selves
35. Two Selves
36. Life as a Story
37. Experienced Well-Being
38. Thinking About Life
Conclusions
Appendix A: Judgment Under Uncertainty
Appendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
P
Introduction
Every author, I suppose, has in mind a setting in which readers of his
or her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial
office watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is
exchanged. I hope to enrich the vocabulary that people use when
they talk about the judgments and choices of others, the company’s
new policies, or a colleague’s investment decisions. Why be
concerned with gossip? Because it is much easier, as well as far
more enjoyable, to identify and label the mistakes of others than to
recognize our own. Questioning what we believe and want is difficult
at the best of times, and especially difficult when we most need to do
it, but we can benefit from the informed opinions of others. Many of
us spontaneously anticipate how friends and colleagues will evaluate
our choices; the quality and content of these anticipated judgments
therefore matters. The expectation of intelligent gossip is a powerful
motive for serious self-criticism, more powerful than New Year
resolutions to improve one’s decision making at work and at home.
To be a good diagnostician, a physician needs to acquire a large
set of labels for diseases, each of which binds an idea of the illness
and its symptoms, possible antecedents and causes, possible
developments and consequences, and possible interventions to cure
or mitigate the illness. Learning medicine consists in part of learning
the language of medicine. A deeper understanding of judgments and
choices also requires a richer vocabulary than is available in
everyday language. The hope for informed gossip is that there are
distinctive patterns in the errors people make. Systematic errors are
known as biases, and they recur predictably in particular
circumstances. When the handsome and confident speaker bounds
onto the stage, for example, you can anticipate that the audience will
judge his comments more favorably than he deserves. The
availability of a diagnostic label for this bias—the halo effect—makes
it easier to anticipate, recognize, and understand.
When you are asked what you are thinking about, you can
normally answer. You believe you know what goes on in your mind,
which often consists of one conscious thought leading in an orderly
way to another. But that is not the only way the mind works, nor
indeed is that the typical way. Most impressions and thoughts arise
in your conscious experience without your knowing how they got
there. You cannot tracryd>e how you came to the belief that there is
a lamp on the desk in front of you, or how you detected a hint of
irritation in your spouse’s voice on the telephone, or how you
managed to avoid a threat on the road before you became
consciously aware of it. The mental work that produces impressions,
intuitions, and many decisions goes on in silence in our mind.
Much of the discussion in this book is about biases of intuition.
However, the focus on error does not denigrate human intelligence,
any more than the attention to diseases in medical texts denies good
health. Most of us are healthy most of the time, and most of our
judgments and actions are appropriate most of the time. As we
navigate our lives, we normally allow ourselves to be guided by
impressions and feelings, and the confidence we have in our intuitive
beliefs and preferences is usually justified. But not always. We are
often confident even when we are wrong, and an objective observer
is more likely to detect our errors than we are.
So this is my aim for watercooler conversations: improve the
ability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice, in
others and eventually in ourselves, by providing a richer and more
precise language to discuss them. In at least some cases, an
accurate diagnosis may suggest an intervention to limit the damage
that bad judgments and choices often cause.
Origins
This book presents my current understanding of judgment and
decision making, which has been shaped by psychological
discoveries of recent decades. However, I trace the central ideas to
the lucky day in 1969 when I asked a colleague to speak as a guest
to a seminar I was teaching in the Department of Psychology at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Amos Tversky was considered a
rising star in the field of decision research—indeed, in anything he
did—so I knew we would have an interesting time. Many people who
knew Amos thought he was the most intelligent person they had ever
met. He was brilliant, voluble, and charismatic. He was also blessed
with a perfect memory for jokes and an exceptional ability to use
them to make a point. There was never a dull moment when Amos
was around. He was then thirty-two; I was thirty-five.
Amos told the class about an ongoing program of research at the
University of Michigan that sought to answer this question: Are
people good intuitive statisticians? We already knew that people are
good intuitive grammarians: at age four a child effortlessly conforms
to the rules of grammar as she speaks, although she has no idea
that such rules exist. Do people have a similar intuitive feel for the
basic principles of statistics? Amos reported that the answer was a
qualified yes. We had a lively debate in the seminar and ultimately
concluded that a qualified no was a better answer.
Amos and I enjoyed the exchange and concluded that intuitive
statistics was an interesting topic and that it would be fun to explore
it together. That Friday we met for lunch at Café Rimon, the favorite
hangout of bohemians and professors in Jerusalem, and planned a
study of the statistical intuitions of sophisticated researchers. We
had concluded in the seminar that our own intuitions were deficient.
In spite of years of teaching and using statistics, we had not
developed an intuitive sense of the reliability of statistical results
observed in small samples. Our subjective judgments were biased:
we were far too willing to believe research findings based on
inadequate evidence and prone to collect too few observations in our
own research. The goal of our study was to examine whether other
researchers suffered from the same affliction.
We prepared a survey that included realistic scenarios of
statistical issues that arise in research. Amos collected the
responses of a group of expert participants in a meeting of the
Society of Mathematical Psychology, including the authors of two
statistical textbooks. As expected, we found that our expert</p><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df show-more"><span class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df"><i class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df">See more</i></span></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df title"><h2 class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df siminar">The list of books you might like</h2></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.zlibrary.to/media/content/thumbnails/502f6b9f-1e8a-4951-a654-bbe5baf4c34a.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Do Epic Shit" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/do-epic-shit" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Do Epic Shit</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Ankur warikoo</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2021</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1.28 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.zlibrary.to/media/content/thumbnails/4b204c1d-d091-4ba5-8240-1aee408cc221.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Credence" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/credence-3" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Credence</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Penelope Douglas</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">487 Pages</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2020</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.86 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.zlibrary.to/media/content/thumbnails/b50f9939-1433-447f-9b8e-33248b543457.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="The 48 Laws of Power" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/the-48-laws-of-power-6" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">The 48 Laws of Power</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Robert Greene</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1998</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2.84 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="ads4"></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.zlibrary.to/media/content/thumbnails/0a5467f2-9b6d-4e5b-8476-2235483f0c33.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="What Happened to You?" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/what-happened-to-you-0" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">What Happened to You?</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Bruce D. Perry</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2021</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">4.38 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="mobile-ads"></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/29b7f391-c09e-4f53-814a-fde8bfdf0c21.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Karnataka Gazette, 2014-01-16, Part-5" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/karnataka-gazette-2014-01-16-part-5" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Karnataka Gazette, 2014-01-16, Part-5</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Government of Karnataka</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.25 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/a4ea5b55-faab-4f87-ab15-1126e24c51af.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Odisha Gazette, 2006-01-07, No. 78" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/odisha-gazette-2006-01-07-no-78" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Odisha Gazette, 2006-01-07, No. 78</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Government of Odisha</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.03 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/12756c40-91eb-4669-9421-8d10ac6f7c0a.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Constraints on UED KK-neutrino dark matter from magnetic dipole moments" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/constraints-on-ued-kk-neutrino-dark-matter-from-magnetic-dipole-moments" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Constraints on UED KK-neutrino dark matter from magnetic dipole moments</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Thomas Flacke</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.15 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/22f6904a-5d52-480f-81af-35a2e37daaa7.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Convergent close-coupling calculations of two-photon double ionization of helium" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/convergent-close-coupling-calculations-of-two-photon-double-ionization-of-helium" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Convergent close-coupling calculations of two-photon double ionization of helium</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">A. S. Kheifets</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.31 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/330da988-af34-4357-a341-c8648756de46.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="SQE Services Agreement" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/sqe-services-agreement" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">SQE Services Agreement</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">101 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2017</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1.17 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="mobile-ads"></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/535222a7-cbc4-4870-baab-bbfb50dea987.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Bürgerliches Recht II. Schuldrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Auflage" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/burgerliches-recht-ii-schuldrecht-allgemeiner-teil-3-auflage" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Bürgerliches Recht II. Schuldrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Auflage</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Silvia Dullinger</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">189 Pages</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2007</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1.21 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/90989103-a78f-407a-ae25-b23e57335a0c.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="2016 / 12 / 21 ولغاية 2016 1 1" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/2016-12-21-2016-1-1" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">2016 / 12 / 21 ولغاية 2016 1 1</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">45 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2017</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.91 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/56cb4a37-9120-4203-8cbc-5a2ac2b33a73.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Developmental process of wing degeneration in the tussock moth Orgyia recens (Hubner) (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae)" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/developmental-process-of-wing-degeneration-in-the-tussock-moth-orgyia-recens-hubner-lepidoptera-lymantriidae" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Developmental process of wing degeneration in the tussock moth Orgyia recens (Hubner) (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae)</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2006</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1.3 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/11afbb92-374d-40c2-85b4-ec5008879c4d.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Greek Government Gazette: Part 7, 2006 no. 837" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/greek-government-gazette-part-7-2006-no-837" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Greek Government Gazette: Part 7, 2006 no. 837</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">The Government of the Hellenic Republic</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2006</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.17 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/1c62e20e-46a5-4c99-ae03-da6699247d51.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Einstein Product Metrics in Diverse Dimensions" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/einstein-product-metrics-in-diverse-dimensions" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Einstein Product Metrics in Diverse Dimensions</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">K. R. Koehler</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.08 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="mobile-ads"></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn-3.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/5703bd5d-899d-40db-bd62-d72dd0c9f3fa.jpg" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Applied Reinforcement Learning with Python: With OpenAI Gym, Tensorflow, and Keras" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/applied-reinforcement-learning-with-python-with-openai-gym-tensorflow-and-keras-0" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Applied Reinforcement Learning with Python: With OpenAI Gym, Tensorflow, and Keras</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Taweh Beysolow II</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">177 Pages</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2019</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">3.416 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/1bf99ed1-84a5-41b8-8d3d-603cbb88abb5.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="büyükşehir belediye sisteminin evrimi" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/buyuksehir-belediye-sisteminin-evrimi" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">büyükşehir belediye sisteminin evrimi</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">316 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2016</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2.67 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/08eaa22d-1b31-471c-a687-7ecb2e2eb3be.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Büyük Savaşlar ve Seferler Talas Savaşı Türk ve Arap ordularının, Çinlilere karşı yaptıkları savaş" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/buyuk-savaslar-ve-seferler-talas-savas-turk-ve-arap-ordularnn-cinlilere-kars-yaptklar-savas" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Büyük Savaşlar ve Seferler Talas Savaşı Türk ve Arap ordularının, Çinlilere karşı yaptıkları savaş</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Fazıl Mustafa Taşçı</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">28 Pages</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2016</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.42 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/f2098a18-b30b-4852-8d25-f08ef84836cd.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="ERIC EJ1098440: The Dutch Dilemma & American Divide: The Challenge of Exclusivist Religions to Pluralistic States, and Contemporary Education" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/eric-ej1098440-the-dutch-dilemma-american-divide-the-challenge-of-exclusivist-religions-to-pluralistic-states-and-contemporary-education" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">ERIC EJ1098440: The Dutch Dilemma & American Divide: The Challenge of Exclusivist Religions to Pluralistic States, and Contemporary Education</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">ERIC</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2006</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.14 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/ee037600-3d57-4f1d-9aaf-c610f637c917.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="Shandygaff by Christopher Morley" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/shandygaff-by-christopher-morley-pdf" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">Shandygaff by Christopher Morley</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">83 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2021</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.73 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/aa2252aa-4f02-46ac-b749-eb650ccc3527.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="ERIC ED427347: Road Maps To Understand School Communication." class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/eric-ed427347-road-maps-to-understand-school-communication" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">ERIC ED427347: Road Maps To Understand School Communication.</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">ERIC</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">34 Pages</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">1993</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.35 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/0893a0b0-5fa2-41d1-8252-bd80ba3e9b57.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="DTIC ADA454761: Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/dtic-ada454761-automated-discovery-of-mimicry-attacks" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">DTIC ADA454761: Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">Defense Technical Information Center</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.17 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/cd9702d8-a6ab-4f66-b703-4dbff3a5a0af.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="The Life of Daniel De Foe by George Chalmers" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/the-life-of-daniel-de-foe-by-george-chalmers-pdf" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">The Life of Daniel De Foe by George Chalmers</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">54 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2021</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.58 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/8a87841f-0626-47d3-8c87-bd3674743a11.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="sürdürülebilirlik raporu 2015" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/surdurulebilirlik-raporu-2015" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">sürdürülebilirlik raporu 2015</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">68 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2016</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">5.44 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-item"><img width="70" height="100" src="https://cdn.pdfdrive.to/media/content/thumbnails/d3f4e8d1-c382-4edb-a0dc-0b2c781ecc54.webp" loading="lazy" alt="book image" title="CA Home Health Agencies" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 collection-img"><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 information"><h3 class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-info"><a href="/dl/ca-home-health-agencies" class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 title-link">CA Home Health Agencies</a></h3><div class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 file-info"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">71 Pages</span><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">2017</span></div><div class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e"><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e dot">·</span><span class="jsx-d61d22f45bf3720e">0.21 MB</span></div></div><p class="jsx-1ac4e25e396cc2e7 desc"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df ads5"></div></div><div class="jsx-7d4e960818f559df detail-right"><div class="jsx-17865f972f87972f category-container"><div class="jsx-17865f972f87972f premium"><div class="jsx-563764575"><a href="/premium" rel="nofollow" class="jsx-563764575 premium-btn animated-button7"><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><span class="jsx-563764575"></span><svg id="icon-diamond" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="#fff" width="40" height="40" class="jsx-563764575"><path d="M2.103 12.052l13.398 16.629-5.373-16.629h-8.025zM11.584 12.052l4.745 16.663 4.083-16.663h-8.828zM17.051 28.681l12.898-16.629h-7.963l-4.935 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Two Systems\n \n1. The Characters of the Story\n \n2. Attention and Effort\n \n3. The Lazy Controller\n \n4. The Associative Machine\n \n5. Cognitive Ease\n \n6. Norms, Surprises, and Causes\n \n7. A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions\n \n8. How Judgments Happen\n \n9. Answering an Easier Question\nPart II. Heuristics and Biases\n \n10. The Law of Small Numbers\n \n\u003c5\u003e\n11. Anchors\n \n12. The Science of Availability\n \n13. Availability, Emotion, and Risk\n \n14. Tom W’s Specialty\n \n15. Linda: Less is More\n \n16. Causes Trump Statistics\n \n17. Regression to the Mean\n \n18. Taming Intuitive Predictions\n \nPart III. Overconfidence\n \n19. The Illusion of Understanding\n \n20. The Illusion of Validity\n \n21. Intuitions Vs. Formulas\n22. Expert Intuition: When Can We Trust It?\n \n23. The Outside View\n \n24. The Engine of Capitalism\n \nPart IV. Choices\n25. Bernoulli’s Errors\n \n26. Prospect Theory\n \n27. The Endowment Effect\n \n28. Bad Events\n \n29. The Fourfold Pattern\n \n30. Rare Events\n \n31. Risk Policies\n \n32. Keeping Score\n \n33. Reversals\n \n34. Frames and Reality\nPart V. Two Selves\n \n35. Two Selves\n \n36. Life as a Story\n \n37. Experienced Well-Being\n \n38. Thinking About Life\n \nConclusions\n \nAppendix A: Judgment Under Uncertainty\n \nAppendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames\n \nAcknowledgments\n \nNotes\n \nIndex\n \n \nP\nIntroduction\n \nEvery author, I suppose, has in mind a setting in which readers of his\nor her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial\noffice watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is\nexchanged. I hope to enrich the vocabulary that people use when\nthey talk about the judgments and choices of others, the company’s\nnew policies, or a colleague’s investment decisions. Why be\nconcerned with gossip? Because it is much easier, as well as far\nmore enjoyable, to identify and label the mistakes of others than to\nrecognize our own. Questioning what we believe and want is difficult\nat the best of times, and especially difficult when we most need to do\nit, but we can benefit from the informed opinions of others. Many of\nus spontaneously anticipate how friends and colleagues will evaluate\nour choices; the quality and content of these anticipated judgments\ntherefore matters. The expectation of intelligent gossip is a powerful\nmotive for serious self-criticism, more powerful than New Year\nresolutions to improve one’s decision making at work and at home.\nTo be a good diagnostician, a physician needs to acquire a large\nset of labels for diseases, each of which binds an idea of the illness\nand its symptoms, possible antecedents and causes, possible\ndevelopments and consequences, and possible interventions to cure\nor mitigate the illness. Learning medicine consists in part of learning\nthe language of medicine. A deeper understanding of judgments and\nchoices also requires a richer vocabulary than is available in\neveryday language. The hope for informed gossip is that there are\ndistinctive patterns in the errors people make. Systematic errors are\nknown as biases, and they recur predictably in particular\ncircumstances. When the handsome and confident speaker bounds\nonto the stage, for example, you can anticipate that the audience will\njudge his comments more favorably than he deserves. The\navailability of a diagnostic label for this bias—the halo effect—makes\nit easier to anticipate, recognize, and understand.\nWhen you are asked what you are thinking about, you can\nnormally answer. You believe you know what goes on in your mind,\nwhich often consists of one conscious thought leading in an orderly\nway to another. But that is not the only way the mind works, nor\nindeed is that the typical way. Most impressions and thoughts arise\nin your conscious experience without your knowing how they got\nthere. You cannot tracryd\u003ee how you came to the belief that there is\na lamp on the desk in front of you, or how you detected a hint of\nirritation in your spouse’s voice on the telephone, or how you\nmanaged to avoid a threat on the road before you became\nconsciously aware of it. The mental work that produces impressions,\nintuitions, and many decisions goes on in silence in our mind.\nMuch of the discussion in this book is about biases of intuition.\nHowever, the focus on error does not denigrate human intelligence,\nany more than the attention to diseases in medical texts denies good\nhealth. Most of us are healthy most of the time, and most of our\njudgments and actions are appropriate most of the time. As we\nnavigate our lives, we normally allow ourselves to be guided by\nimpressions and feelings, and the confidence we have in our intuitive\nbeliefs and preferences is usually justified. But not always. We are\noften confident even when we are wrong, and an objective observer\nis more likely to detect our errors than we are.\nSo this is my aim for watercooler conversations: improve the\nability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice, in\nothers and eventually in ourselves, by providing a richer and more\nprecise language to discuss them. In at least some cases, an\naccurate diagnosis may suggest an intervention to limit the damage\nthat bad judgments and choices often cause.\nOrigins\n \nThis book presents my current understanding of judgment and\ndecision making, which has been shaped by psychological\ndiscoveries of recent decades. However, I trace the central ideas to\nthe lucky day in 1969 when I asked a colleague to speak as a guest\nto a seminar I was teaching in the Department of Psychology at the\nHebrew University of Jerusalem. Amos Tversky was considered a\nrising star in the field of decision research—indeed, in anything he\ndid—so I knew we would have an interesting time. Many people who\nknew Amos thought he was the most intelligent person they had ever\nmet. He was brilliant, voluble, and charismatic. He was also blessed\nwith a perfect memory for jokes and an exceptional ability to use\nthem to make a point. There was never a dull moment when Amos\nwas around. He was then thirty-two; I was thirty-five.\nAmos told the class about an ongoing program of research at the\nUniversity of Michigan that sought to answer this question: Are\npeople good intuitive statisticians? We already knew that people are\ngood intuitive grammarians: at age four a child effortlessly conforms\nto the rules of grammar as she speaks, although she has no idea\nthat such rules exist. Do people have a similar intuitive feel for the\nbasic principles of statistics? Amos reported that the answer was a\nqualified yes. We had a lively debate in the seminar and ultimately\nconcluded that a qualified no was a better answer.\nAmos and I enjoyed the exchange and concluded that intuitive\nstatistics was an interesting topic and that it would be fun to explore\nit together. That Friday we met for lunch at Café Rimon, the favorite\nhangout of bohemians and professors in Jerusalem, and planned a\nstudy of the statistical intuitions of sophisticated researchers. We\nhad concluded in the seminar that our own intuitions were deficient.\nIn spite of years of teaching and using statistics, we had not\ndeveloped an intuitive sense of the reliability of statistical results\nobserved in small samples. Our subjective judgments were biased:\nwe were far too willing to believe research findings based on\ninadequate evidence and prone to collect too few observations in our\nown research. The goal of our study was to examine whether other\nresearchers suffered from the same affliction.\nWe prepared a survey that included realistic scenarios of\nstatistical issues that arise in research. Amos collected the\nresponses of a group of expert participants in a meeting of the\nSociety of Mathematical Psychology, including the authors of two\nstatistical textbooks. As expected, we found that our expert","status":1,"price":null,"rent_price":null,"isbn":null,"redirect_url":null},"myLikesProps":null,"myDriveProps":null,"requestedBooksProps":null,"user":null},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/dl/[detail]","query":{"detail":"thinking-fast-and-slow-19"},"buildId":"0yngpp-mRDH7Bzgj1Hnuf","isFallback":false,"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><next-route-announcer><p aria-live="assertive" id="__next-route-announcer__" role="alert" style="border: 0px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal;"></p></next-route-announcer><div><div class="grecaptcha-badge" data-style="bottomright" style="width: 256px; height: 60px; display: block; transition: right 0.3s ease 0s; position: fixed; bottom: 14px; right: -186px; box-shadow: gray 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="grecaptcha-logo"><iframe title="reCAPTCHA" width="256" height="60" role="presentation" name="a-arljqz8lm08q" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-modals allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-storage-access-by-user-activation" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?ar=1&k=6Ld13DQgAAAAAKf6gYpaXCJfp3VIRxAf_cFnJgyR&co=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGRmZHJpdmUudG86NDQz&hl=en&v=-ZG7BC9TxCVEbzIO2m429usb&size=invisible&cb=b0z0l8myue82"></iframe></div><div class="grecaptcha-error"></div><textarea id="g-recaptcha-response-100000" name="g-recaptcha-response" class="g-recaptcha-response" style="width: 250px; height: 40px; border: 1px solid rgb(193, 193, 193); margin: 10px 25px; padding: 0px; resize: none; display: none;"></textarea></div><iframe style="display: none;"></iframe></div></body></html>