https://typescript-eslint.io/rules/prefer-namespace-keyword/

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href="/rules/method-signature-style">method-signature-style</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/naming-convention">naming-convention</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-array-constructor">no-array-constructor</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-array-delete">no-array-delete</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-base-to-string">no-base-to-string</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-confusing-non-null-assertion">no-confusing-non-null-assertion</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-confusing-void-expression">no-confusing-void-expression</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-deprecated">no-deprecated</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-dupe-class-members">no-dupe-class-members</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-duplicate-enum-values">no-duplicate-enum-values</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-duplicate-type-constituents">no-duplicate-type-constituents</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-dynamic-delete">no-dynamic-delete</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-empty-function">no-empty-function</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-empty-interface">no-empty-interface</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-empty-object-type">no-empty-object-type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-explicit-any">no-explicit-any</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-extra-non-null-assertion">no-extra-non-null-assertion</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-extraneous-class">no-extraneous-class</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-floating-promises">no-floating-promises</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-for-in-array">no-for-in-array</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-implied-eval">no-implied-eval</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-import-type-side-effects">no-import-type-side-effects</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-inferrable-types">no-inferrable-types</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-invalid-this">no-invalid-this</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-invalid-void-type">no-invalid-void-type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-loop-func">no-loop-func</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-loss-of-precision">no-loss-of-precision</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-magic-numbers">no-magic-numbers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-meaningless-void-operator">no-meaningless-void-operator</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-misused-new">no-misused-new</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-misused-promises">no-misused-promises</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-mixed-enums">no-mixed-enums</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-namespace">no-namespace</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-non-null-asserted-nullish-coalescing">no-non-null-asserted-nullish-coalescing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-non-null-asserted-optional-chain">no-non-null-asserted-optional-chain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-non-null-assertion">no-non-null-assertion</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-redeclare">no-redeclare</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-redundant-type-constituents">no-redundant-type-constituents</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-require-imports">no-require-imports</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-restricted-imports">no-restricted-imports</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-restricted-types">no-restricted-types</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-shadow">no-shadow</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-this-alias">no-this-alias</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-type-alias">no-type-alias</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-boolean-literal-compare">no-unnecessary-boolean-literal-compare</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-condition">no-unnecessary-condition</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-parameter-property-assignment">no-unnecessary-parameter-property-assignment</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-qualifier">no-unnecessary-qualifier</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-template-expression">no-unnecessary-template-expression</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-type-arguments">no-unnecessary-type-arguments</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-type-assertion">no-unnecessary-type-assertion</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-type-constraint">no-unnecessary-type-constraint</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unnecessary-type-parameters">no-unnecessary-type-parameters</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-argument">no-unsafe-argument</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-assignment">no-unsafe-assignment</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-call">no-unsafe-call</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-declaration-merging">no-unsafe-declaration-merging</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-enum-comparison">no-unsafe-enum-comparison</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-function-type">no-unsafe-function-type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-member-access">no-unsafe-member-access</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-return">no-unsafe-return</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unsafe-unary-minus">no-unsafe-unary-minus</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unused-expressions">no-unused-expressions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-unused-vars">no-unused-vars</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-use-before-define">no-use-before-define</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-useless-constructor">no-useless-constructor</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-useless-empty-export">no-useless-empty-export</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-var-requires">no-var-requires</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/no-wrapper-object-types">no-wrapper-object-types</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/non-nullable-type-assertion-style">non-nullable-type-assertion-style</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/only-throw-error">only-throw-error</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/parameter-properties">parameter-properties</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-as-const">prefer-as-const</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-destructuring">prefer-destructuring</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-enum-initializers">prefer-enum-initializers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-find">prefer-find</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-for-of">prefer-for-of</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-function-type">prefer-function-type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-includes">prefer-includes</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-literal-enum-member">prefer-literal-enum-member</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-namespace-keyword">prefer-namespace-keyword</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-nullish-coalescing">prefer-nullish-coalescing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-optional-chain">prefer-optional-chain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-promise-reject-errors">prefer-promise-reject-errors</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-readonly">prefer-readonly</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-readonly-parameter-types">prefer-readonly-parameter-types</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-reduce-type-parameter">prefer-reduce-type-parameter</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-regexp-exec">prefer-regexp-exec</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-return-this-type">prefer-return-this-type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-string-starts-ends-with">prefer-string-starts-ends-with</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/prefer-ts-expect-error">prefer-ts-expect-error</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/promise-function-async">promise-function-async</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/require-array-sort-compare">require-array-sort-compare</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/require-await">require-await</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/restrict-plus-operands">restrict-plus-operands</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/restrict-template-expressions">restrict-template-expressions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/return-await">return-await</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/sort-type-constituents">sort-type-constituents</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/strict-boolean-expressions">strict-boolean-expressions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/switch-exhaustiveness-check">switch-exhaustiveness-check</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/triple-slash-reference">triple-slash-reference</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/typedef">typedef</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/unbound-method">unbound-method</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/unified-signatures">unified-signatures</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/rules/use-unknown-in-catch-callback-variable">use-unknown-in-catch-callback-variable</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div id="__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback" class="main-wrapper mainWrapper_UyTV"><div class="docsWrapper_XLvK"><button aria-label="Scroll back to top" class="clean-btn theme-back-to-top-button backToTopButton_z1FD" type="button"></button><div class="docRoot_HciC"><aside class="theme-doc-sidebar-container docSidebarContainer_e5ai"><div class="sidebarViewport_N8x0"></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_namt"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_YAwJ"><div class="docItemContainer_Rv5Z"><article><div class="tocCollapsible_O_Qc theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_tjDr"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_htYj">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>prefer-namespace-keyword</h1></header><blockquote>
<p>Require using <code>namespace</code> keyword over <code>module</code> keyword to declare custom TypeScript modules.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="features_Kr5p"><div class="feature_kXUu"><div class="emoji_aMkV">✅</div><p class="children_zlBF">Extending<!-- --> <a href="/users/configs#recommended" target="_blank"><code>"plugin:@typescript-eslint/<!-- -->recommended<!-- -->"</code></a> <!-- -->in an<!-- --> <a href="https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/configuring/configuration-files#extending-configuration-files" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ESLint configuration</a> <!-- -->enables this rule.</p></div><div class="feature_kXUu"><div class="emoji_aMkV">🔧</div><p class="children_zlBF">Some problems reported by this rule are automatically fixable by the<!-- --> <a href="https://eslint.org/docs/latest/user-guide/command-line-interface#--fix" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>--fix</code> ESLint command line option</a>.</p></div></div>
<!-- -->
<p>TypeScript historically allowed a form of code organization called "custom modules" (<code>module Example {}</code>), later renamed to "namespaces" (<code>namespace Example</code>).</p>
<p>Namespaces are an outdated way to organize TypeScript code.
ES2015 module syntax is now preferred (<code>import</code>/<code>export</code>).</p>
<p>For projects still using custom modules / namespaces, it's preferred to refer to them as namespaces.
This rule reports when the <code>module</code> keyword is used instead of <code>namespace</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>This rule does not report on the use of TypeScript module declarations to describe external APIs (<code>declare module 'foo' {}</code>).</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-js codeBlockContainer_ZGJx theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockTitle_P25_">.eslintrc.cjs</div><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token string-property property">"rules"</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string-property property">"@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword"</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string">"error"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_MVhB" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_yxgH"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_QJLJ"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<a href="/play#eslintrc=N4KABGBEBOCuA2BTAzpAXGUEKQAIBcBPABxQGNoBLY-AWhXkoDt8B6Y6RAM0WlqYCGAWxTEBZRLQDWiQgHcA9tAAm6KL2hLI4MAF8QuoA" class="tryInPlaygroundLink_V_ae" target="_blank"><p>Try this rule in the playground ↗</p></a>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_fF9Z" id="examples">Examples<a href="#examples" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Examples" title="Direct link to Examples">​</a></h2>
<div class="tabs-container tabList_M0Dn"><ul role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" class="tabs"><li role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-selected="true" class="tabs__item tabItem_ysIP tabs__item--active">❌ Incorrect</li><li role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false" class="tabs__item tabItem_ysIP">✅ Correct</li></ul><div class="margin-top--md"><div role="tabpanel" class="tabItem_OMyP"><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_ZGJx theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line"><span class="token keyword">module</span><span class="token plain"> Example </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><br></span></code></pre><a href="/play#eslintrc=N4KABGBEBOCuA2BTAzpAXGUEKQAIBcBPABxQGNoBLY-AWhXkoDt8B6Y6RAM0WlqYCGAWxTEBZRLQDWiQgHcA9tAAm6KL2hLI4MAF8QuoA&amp;code=LYewJgrgNgpgBAUQB4ENgAdZwN4F8g&amp;fileType=.ts" class="tryInPlaygroundLink_V_ae button button--primary button--outline playgroundButton_DgBv" target="_blank">Open in Playground</a><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_MVhB" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_yxgH"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_QJLJ"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div><div role="tabpanel" class="tabItem_OMyP" hidden=""><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_ZGJx theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line"><span class="token keyword">namespace</span><span class="token plain"> Example </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br></span><span class="token-line"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword">module</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string">'foo'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><br></span></code></pre><a href="/play#eslintrc=N4KABGBEBOCuA2BTAzpAXGUEKQAIBcBPABxQGNoBLY-AWhXkoDt8B6Y6RAM0WlqYCGAWxTEBZRLQDWiQgHcA9tAAm6KL2hLI4MAF8QuoA&amp;code=HYQwtgpgzgDiDGEAEBRAHuGAbZBvAvgFCEAmE8WIATsmAPYkCuOSA5AGZ12tIFA&amp;fileType=.ts" class="tryInPlaygroundLink_V_ae button button--primary button--outline playgroundButton_DgBv" target="_blank">Open in Playground</a><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_MVhB" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_yxgH"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_QJLJ"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_fF9Z" id="options">Options<a href="#options" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Options" title="Direct link to Options">​</a></h2>
<p>This rule is not configurable.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_fF9Z" id="when-not-to-use-it">When Not To Use It<a href="#when-not-to-use-it" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to When Not To Use It" title="Direct link to When Not To Use It">​</a></h2>
<p>If you are not using TypeScript's older <code>module</code>/<code>namespace</code> keywords, then you will not need this rule.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_fF9Z" id="further-reading">Further Reading<a href="#further-reading" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Further Reading" title="Direct link to Further Reading">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/modules.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Namespaces</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces-and-modules.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Namespaces and Modules</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_fF9Z" id="resources">Resources<a href="#resources" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Resources" title="Direct link to Resources">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/blob/main/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/prefer-namespace-keyword.ts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rule source</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/blob/main/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/prefer-namespace-keyword.test.ts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Test source</a></li>
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