- ID de l'analyse :
- 9659c38d-3ee9-4736-9699-a298d60a2c38Terminée
- URL soumise :
- https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/#generate
- Fin du rapport :
Liens : 3 trouvé(s)
Liens sortants identifiés à partir de la page
| Lien | texte |
|---|---|
| https://www.facebook.com/PenciDesign | |
| https://twitter.com/PenciDesign | |
| http://pahe.ink | keagan |
Variables JavaScript : 131 trouvée(s)
Les variables JavaScript globales chargées dans l'objet fenêtre d'une page sont des variables déclarées en dehors des fonctions et accessibles depuis n'importe quel endroit du code au sein du champ d'application actuel
| Nom | Type |
|---|---|
| 0 | object |
| 1 | object |
| 2 | object |
| 3 | object |
| 4 | object |
| 5 | object |
| 6 | object |
| 7 | object |
| 8 | object |
| 9 | object |
Messages de journal de console : 5 trouvé(s)
Messages consignés dans la console web
| Type | Catégorie | Enregistrement |
|---|---|---|
| log | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| log | other |
|
HTML
Le corps HTML de la page en données brutes
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US" data-fp="vqwi10nnko"><head><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://static.criteo.net/js/ld/publishertag.prebid.144.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://script.4dex.io/localstore.js"></script><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A/kargTFyk8MR5ueravczef/wIlTkbVk1qXQesp39nV+xNECPdLBVeYffxrM8TmZT6RArWGQVCJ0LRivD7glcAUAAACQeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZS5jb206NDQzIiwiZmVhdHVyZSI6IkRpc2FibGVUaGlyZFBhcnR5U3RvcmFnZVBhcnRpdGlvbmluZzIiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE3NDIzNDIzOTksImlzU3ViZG9tYWluIjp0cnVlLCJpc1RoaXJkUGFydHkiOnRydWV9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A/kargTFyk8MR5ueravczef/wIlTkbVk1qXQesp39nV+xNECPdLBVeYffxrM8TmZT6RArWGQVCJ0LRivD7glcAUAAACQeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZS5jb206NDQzIiwiZmVhdHVyZSI6IkRpc2FibGVUaGlyZFBhcnR5U3RvcmFnZVBhcnRpdGlvbmluZzIiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE3NDIzNDIzOTksImlzU3ViZG9tYWluIjp0cnVlLCJpc1RoaXJkUGFydHkiOnRydWV9">
<meta name="netpub_fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1" content="fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1_55cbc46a89011972d32892556d39f829">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Linegee RSS Feed" href="https://linegee.net/feed/">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Linegee Atom Feed" href="https://linegee.net/feed/atom/">
<link rel="pingback" href="https://linegee.net/xmlrpc.php">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<title>Understanding Background Radiation – Linegee</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s.gravatar.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com">
<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large">
<style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Linegee » Feed" href="https://linegee.net/feed/">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Linegee » Comments Feed" href="https://linegee.net/comments/feed/">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Linegee » Understanding Background Radiation Comments Feed" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/feed/">
<script async="" type="text/javascript" src="https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/cmp2.js?referer=linegee.net"></script><script async="" type="text/javascript" src="https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/cmp2.js?referer=linegee.net"></script><script src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/extra/cmp/cmp-gdpr.js?v=1" id="netpub-gdpr"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/zIriijn3uj5Vpknvt_LnfNbF/recaptcha__en.js" crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha384-8mJgBUBw4uTWF9Ooxgb4sUuO9jKtaVm1I+8vb0qpxxX3cafec7ovH+goM3yD4UyO"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/zIriijn3uj5Vpknvt_LnfNbF/recaptcha__en.js" crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha384-8mJgBUBw4uTWF9Ooxgb4sUuO9jKtaVm1I+8vb0qpxxX3cafec7ovH+goM3yD4UyO"></script><script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css" type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 0.07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="wp-block-library-theme-inline-css" type="text/css">
.wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}
</style>
<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css" type="text/css">
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<style id="global-styles-inline-css" type="text/css">
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 12px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 32px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="contact-form-7-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci-main-style-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/main.css?ver=8.4.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci-font-awesomeold-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/css/font-awesome.4.7.0.swap.min.css?ver=4.7.0" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci_icon-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/css/penci-icon.css?ver=8.4.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci_style-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/style.css?ver=8.4.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci_social_counter-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/css/social-counter.css?ver=8.4.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="penci-dark-style-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/dark.min.css?ver=8.4.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="sora_main_css-css" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/sera/assets/css/css.css?ver=4.0.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="penci-dark-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var penci_dark = {"auto_by":"","darktheme":"","darkmode":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/darkmode.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci-dark-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://linegee.net/wp-json/"><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://linegee.net/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/179"><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://linegee.net/xmlrpc.php?rsd">
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/">
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://linegee.net/?p=179">
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://linegee.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Flinegee.net%2Funderstanding-background-radiation%2F">
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://linegee.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Flinegee.net%2Funderstanding-background-radiation%2F&format=xml">
<script async="" data-cfasync="false" src="https://cdn.pubfuture-ad.com/v2/unit/pt.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/extra/cmp/cmp-gdpr.js" defer=""></script>
<!-- Netpub Banner - Interstitial 0x0 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script><script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880620936"></script>
<script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880620956"></script><script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880621109"></script><script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880621112"></script><script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880621925"></script><script async="true" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?1734880622016"></script><script src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1" defer=""></script><script id="div_netpub_script_qtof55l4lychsh4a245xo" src="https://fstatic.netpub.media/renderer/prebid_240918.js" async="true"></script><style id="div_netpub_style_j5tbxez7od1sp3ce9ehv0" class="dOU">ins.adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 { display: flex; align-content: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none!important; }</style><style id="fit-vids-style">.fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;position:relative;padding:0;}.fluid-width-video-wrapper iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper embed {position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;}</style><style>.theiaStickySidebar:after {content: ""; display: table; clear: both;}</style><style type="text/css">
body {
position: relative !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate {
width: 100% !important;
padding: 20px !important;
box-sizing: border-box !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui:before,
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui:after {
width: auto !important;
background-color: transparent !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-close {
display:none !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui {
height: auto !important;
border-radius: 15px !important;
background-color: #eee !important;
overflow-x: hidden !important;
overflow-y: auto !important;
padding-top: 5px !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container h2 {
text-align: center !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container span.span-heading {
padding-left: 15px !important;
padding-right: 15px !important;
text-align: center !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate button:focus {
box-shadow: none !important;
outline: none !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons {
gap: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons button {
margin: 0 !important;
border-radius: 10px !important;
cursor: pointer !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons button span {
cursor: pointer !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links {
margin-top: 10px !important;
gap: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-section .qc-cmp2-summary-info {
max-height: 150px !important;
overflow-y: auto !important;
padding: 0 15px 10px 15px !important;
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div:not([class]) {
background: #0000001a !important;
padding: 10px !important;
text-align: center !important;
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
border-radius: 5px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div :last-child,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div *,
.qc-cmp2-consent-info div {
max-height: initial !important;
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links button {
background-color: #FFF9 !important;
padding: 0 10px !important;
border-radius: 5px !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description {
max-height: 150px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-list-item {
padding: 5px 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-list-item .qc-cmp2-list-item-title,
.qc-cmp2-list-item .qc-cmp2-list-item-title p {
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
padding-right: 10px !important;
color: #4d545d !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-scrollable-section {
max-height: 30vh !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-scrollable-section .qc-cmp2-expandable-list .qc-cmp2-expandable-info * {
font-size: 12px !important;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.qc-cmp2-consent-info {
padding: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links {
margin: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container span.span-heading {
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
}
.qc-cmp2-persistent-link {
position: fixed !important;
background-color: #2395d7 !important;
color: #ffffff !important;
}
</style><style type="text/css">
body {
position: relative !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate {
width: 100% !important;
padding: 20px !important;
box-sizing: border-box !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui:before,
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui:after {
width: auto !important;
background-color: transparent !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-close {
display:none !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate #qc-cmp2-ui {
height: auto !important;
border-radius: 15px !important;
background-color: #eee !important;
overflow-x: hidden !important;
overflow-y: auto !important;
padding-top: 5px !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container h2 {
text-align: center !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container span.span-heading {
padding-left: 15px !important;
padding-right: 15px !important;
text-align: center !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate button:focus {
box-shadow: none !important;
outline: none !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons {
gap: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons button {
margin: 0 !important;
border-radius: 10px !important;
cursor: pointer !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-footer .qc-cmp2-summary-buttons button span {
cursor: pointer !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links {
margin-top: 10px !important;
gap: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-section .qc-cmp2-summary-info {
max-height: 150px !important;
overflow-y: auto !important;
padding: 0 15px 10px 15px !important;
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div:not([class]) {
background: #0000001a !important;
padding: 10px !important;
text-align: center !important;
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
border-radius: 5px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div :last-child,
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-summary-info > div *,
.qc-cmp2-consent-info div {
max-height: initial !important;
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links button {
background-color: #FFF9 !important;
padding: 0 10px !important;
border-radius: 5px !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container > div.description {
max-height: 150px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-list-item {
padding: 5px 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-list-item .qc-cmp2-list-item-title,
.qc-cmp2-list-item .qc-cmp2-list-item-title p {
font-size: 12px !important;
line-height: 1.2 !important;
padding-right: 10px !important;
color: #4d545d !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-scrollable-section {
max-height: 30vh !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-scrollable-section .qc-cmp2-expandable-list .qc-cmp2-expandable-info * {
font-size: 12px !important;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.qc-cmp2-consent-info {
padding: 10px !important;
}
.qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container div.qc-cmp2-header-links {
margin: 0 !important;
}
.qc-cmp-cleanslate .qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container span.span-heading {
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
}
.qc-cmp2-persistent-link {
position: fixed !important;
background-color: #2395d7 !important;
color: #ffffff !important;
}
</style><script type="text/javascript" id="__tcfapiuiscript" src="https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/58/cmp2ui-en.js"></script><style qc-data-emotion="css-global" data-s=""></style><style qc-data-emotion="css" data-s=""></style></head><body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-179 single-format-standard soledad-ver-8-4-2 pclight-mode penci-body-single-style-8 penci-show-pthumb pcmn-drdw-style-slide_down pchds-default"><ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="1050x300,200x200,250x250,300x250,336x280,400x350,468x60,678x60,700x300,728x500,728x90,750x400,750x480,870x200,970x250,970x90" data-sizes-mobile="200x200,250x250,300x250,300x50,320x100,320x50,360x100,360x50" data-interstitial="1"></ins>
<!-- Pubfuture Video Ads -->
<div id="pf-10660-1" class="PUBFUTURE" data-unit="66ce88a23d14854297117128" style="position: relative; margin: auto; clear: both; width: 500px;"><script>window.pubfuturetag = window.pubfuturetag || [];window.pubfuturetag.push({unit: "66ce88a23d14854297117128", id: "pf-10660-1"})</script><div class="pf-config-66ce88b32141191aaaae761f" style="position: relative; display: block;"><div class="pf-wrapper"><script async="" type="application/javascript" src="https://a.magsrv.com/ad-provider.js"></script>
<ins class="eas6a97888e2" data-zoneid="5397020"></ins>
<script>(AdProvider = window.AdProvider || []).push({"serve": {}});</script><script>(function () {
const s = document.currentScript;
const p = s.parentNode;
setInterval(() => {
p.innerHTML = "";
const sc = document.createElement("script");
sc.src = "https://a.magsrv.com/ad-provider.js";
const instag = document.createElement("ins");
instag.className = "eas6a97888e2";
instag.setAttribute("data-zoneid", "5397020");
p.appendChild(sc);
p.appendChild(instag);
(AdProvider = window.AdProvider || []).push({"serve": {}});
}, 30000);
})()</script></div></div></div>
<style id="penci-custom-style" type="text/css">body{ --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #6eb48c; --pcbody-font: 'PT Serif', serif; --pchead-font: 'Raleway', sans-serif; --pchead-wei: bold; --pcava_bdr:10px; } .single.penci-body-single-style-5 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-5 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 .pc-wrapbuilder-header { --pchd-mg: 40px; } .fluid-width-video-wrapper > div { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .yt-video-place { position: relative; text-align: center; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video { display: block; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; position: absolute; transform: none; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video img { margin: 0; padding: 0; top: 50%; display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 68px; height: auto; } .mfp-bg { top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 9999999; overflow: hidden; position: fixed; background: #0b0b0b; opacity: .8; filter: alpha(opacity=80) } .mfp-wrap { top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 9999999; position: fixed; outline: none !important; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden } .penci-hide-tagupdated{ display: none !important; } .featured-area .penci-image-holder, .featured-area .penci-slider4-overlay, .featured-area .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay, .penci-slider38-overlay{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-featured-content-right:before{ border-top-right-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before{ border-bottom-left-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .container-single .post-image{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-mega-thumbnail .penci-image-holder{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } a.penci-topbar-post-title { text-transform: none; } .headline-title { text-transform: none; } #penci-login-popup:before{ opacity: ; } .penci-lgpop-title{ text-transform: none; } #penci-login-popup .penci-login input[type="submit"]{ text-transform: none; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .penci-header-signup-form { padding-top: px; padding-bottom: px; } .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-38 .item:hover .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-featured-content .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a, .grid-mixed .mixed-detail h2 a, .overlay-header-box .overlay-title a { text-transform: none; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style:hover .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a{font-size:19px;} .item-content p, .standard-content .standard-post-entry, .standard-content .standard-post-entry p{ font-size: 17px; } #footer-copyright * { font-style: normal; } .container-single .single-post-title { text-transform: none; } @media only screen and (min-width: 769px){ .container-single .single-post-title { font-size: 32px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 769px){ .container-single .header-standard h2.penci-psub-title, .container-single h2.penci-psub-title{ font-size: 20px; } } .post-entry h1, .wpb_text_column h1, .elementor-text-editor h1, .woocommerce .page-description h1{font-size:24px;} .post-entry, .post-entry p, .wpb_text_column p, .woocommerce .page-description p{font-size:19px;} .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name{ font-size: 16px; } .post-box-meta-single, .tags-share-box .single-comment-o{ font-size: 15px; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo:hover .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .inner-item-portfolio:hover .penci-portfolio-thumbnail a:after { opacity: ; } .penci_header.penci-header-builder.main-builder-header{}.penci-header-image-logo,.penci-header-text-logo{}.pc-logo-desktop.penci-header-image-logo img{}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{}}.penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop .penci-header-image-logo img{}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-text-logo{}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{}.penci_navbar_mobile .sticky-enable .penci-header-image-logo img{}.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile{}.pc-builder-element.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile img{}.pc-logo-sticky{}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo-sticky.pc-logo img{}.pc-builder-element.pc-main-menu{}.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu{}.pc-builder-element.pc-third-menu{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder-mobile-sidebar-nav.penci-menu-hbg{border-width:0;}.pc-builder-menu.pc-dropdown-menu{}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo.pb-logo-mobile{}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social .pclogin-item a{}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social-mobile .pclogin-item a{}body.penci-header-preview-layout .wrapper-boxed{min-height:1500px}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topblock,.penci-desktop-topblock{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topbar,.penci-desktop-topbar{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-midbar,.penci-desktop-midbar{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottombar,.penci-desktop-bottombar{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottomblock,.penci-desktop-bottomblock{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-top,.penci-sticky-top{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-mid,.penci-sticky-mid{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-bottom,.penci-sticky-bottom{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-topbar,.penci-mobile-topbar{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-midbar,.penci-mobile-midbar{border-width:0;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-bottombar,.penci-mobile-bottombar{border-width:0;} body { --pcdm_btnbg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); --pcdm_btnd: #666; --pcdm_btndbg: #fff; --pcdm_btnn: var(--pctext-cl); --pcdm_btnnbg: var(--pcbg-cl); } body.pcdm-enable { --pcbg-cl: #000000; --pcbg-l-cl: #1a1a1a; --pcbg-d-cl: #000000; --pctext-cl: #fff; --pcborder-cl: #313131; --pcborders-cl: #3c3c3c; --pcheading-cl: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); --pcmeta-cl: #999999; --pcl-cl: #fff; --pclh-cl: #6eb48c; --pcaccent-cl: #6eb48c; background-color: var(--pcbg-cl); color: var(--pctext-cl); } body.pcdark-df.pcdm-enable.pclight-mode { --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #6eb48c; }</style><script>
var penciBlocksArray=[];
var portfolioDataJs = portfolioDataJs || [];var PENCILOCALCACHE = {};
(function () {
"use strict";
PENCILOCALCACHE = {
data: {},
remove: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) {
delete PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem];
},
exist: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) {
return PENCILOCALCACHE.data.hasOwnProperty( ajaxFilterItem ) && PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] !== null;
},
get: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) {
return PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem];
},
set: function ( ajaxFilterItem, cachedData ) {
PENCILOCALCACHE.remove( ajaxFilterItem );
PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] = cachedData;
}
};
}
)();function penciBlock() {
this.atts_json = '';
this.content = '';
}</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/",
"@type": "organization",
"@id": "#organization",
"logo": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/linegee-1.png"
},
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/",
"name": "Linegee",
"description": "A journey to infinity and beyond"
}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/",
"@type": "WebSite",
"name": "Linegee",
"alternateName": "A journey to infinity and beyond",
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/"
}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/",
"@type": "BlogPosting",
"headline": "Understanding Background Radiation",
"description": "Background radiation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that permeates our environment, originating from various natural and man-made sources. While it might sound alarming, background radiation is a normal part of our ...",
"datePublished": "2024-05-26",
"datemodified": "2024-06-20",
"mainEntityOfPage": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/understanding-background-radiation\/",
"image": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Background-Radiation.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 800
},
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Linegee",
"logo": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/linegee-1.png"
}
},
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"@id": "#person-Enigma",
"name": "Enigma",
"url": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/author\/enigma\/"
}
}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/",
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"item": {
"@id": "https:\/\/linegee.net",
"name": "Home"
}
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"item": {
"@id": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/category\/astronomy\/",
"name": "Astronomy"
}
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"item": {
"@id": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/understanding-background-radiation\/",
"name": "Understanding Background Radiation"
}
}
]
}</script><link rel="icon" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png" sizes="32x32">
<link rel="icon" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png" sizes="192x192">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png">
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/icons8-l-67-1.png">
<div id="soledad_wrapper" class="wrapper-boxed header-style-header-3 header-search-style-default">
<div class="penci-header-wrap"><div class="penci-top-bar">
<div class="container">
<div class="penci-headline" role="navigation" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
<div class="pctopbar-item penci-topbar-ctext">
Sunday, December 22 2024</div>
<div class="pctopbar-item penci-topbar-trending">
<span class="headline-title nticker-style-3">Top Posts</span>
<span class="penci-trending-nav">
<a class="penci-slider-prev" href="#" aria-label="Previous"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left"></i></a>
<a class="penci-slider-next" href="#" aria-label="Next"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right"></i></a>
</span>
<div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-headline-posts owl-loaded owl-drag" data-auto="true" data-nav="false" data-autotime="3000" data-speed="200" data-anim="slideInRight">
<div class="owl-stage-outer owl-height" style="height: 32px;"><div class="owl-stage" style="transform: translate3d(-2940px, 0px, 0px); transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 8400px;"><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/jupiter/">Jupiter</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/a-procession-of-9-planets/">A Procession of 9 Planets</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/observe-the-sky/">Observe the Sky</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/asteroid-hunting/">Asteroid Hunting</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-vast-cosmic-realms/">Exploring the Vast Cosmic Realms</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/the-natural-satellite-of-the-earth/">The Natural Satellite of The Earth</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item animated owl-animated-out TickerslideOutRight" style="width: 420px; left: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/the-disciplines-of-bioastronomy/">The Disciplines of Bioastronomy</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item animated owl-animated-in TickerslideInRight active" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/how-the-earth-moves/">How The Earth Moves</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/light/">Light</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/how-to-find-a-supermassive-black-hole/">How to Find a Supermassive Black Hole</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/jupiter/">Jupiter</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/a-procession-of-9-planets/">A Procession of 9 Planets</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/observe-the-sky/">Observe the Sky</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/asteroid-hunting/">Asteroid Hunting</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-vast-cosmic-realms/">Exploring the Vast Cosmic Realms</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/the-natural-satellite-of-the-earth/">The Natural Satellite of The Earth</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/the-disciplines-of-bioastronomy/">The Disciplines of Bioastronomy</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/how-the-earth-moves/">How The Earth Moves</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/light/">Light</a>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 420px;"><div>
<a class="penci-topbar-post-title" href="https://linegee.net/how-to-find-a-supermassive-black-hole/">How to Find a Supermassive Black Hole</a>
</div></div></div></div><div class="owl-nav disabled"><div class="owl-prev"><i class="penciicon-left-chevron"></i></div><div class="owl-next"><i class="penciicon-right-chevron"></i></div></div><div class="owl-dots disabled"></div></div>
</div><div class="pctopbar-item penci-topbar-social">
<div class="inner-header-social">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/PenciDesign" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/PenciDesign" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-x-twitter"></i></a>
</div></div> </div>
</div>
</div>
<header id="header" class="header-header-3 has-bottom-line" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader">
<div class="inner-header penci-header-second">
<div class="container align-left-logo has-banner">
<div id="logo">
<a href="https://linegee.net/"><img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/linegee-1.png" alt="Linegee" width="174" height="75"></a>
</div>
<div class="header-banner header-style-3">
<!-- Netpub Banner - IAB 468x60 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script>
<ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="300x50,320x50,360x50,468x60" data-sizes-mobile="300x50,320x50,360x50,468x60" data-slot="6"><div id="div_netpub_banner_k78mkhe2pdcfv9xr9b" style="visibility: hidden;"><div id="div_netpub_slot_733lkeb4j0jfthkudh5o" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; z-index: 1;"><div id="div_netpub_campaign_nxwknj40rmw5joo3h0" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; display: none;"></div></div></div></ins> </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sticky-wrapper"> <nav id="navigation" class="header-layout-bottom header-3 menu-style-1 penci-disable-sticky-nav" role="navigation" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
<div class="container">
<div class="button-menu-mobile header-3"><svg width="18px" height="18px" viewBox="0 0 512 384" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(0.000000, 0.250080)"><rect x="0" y="0" width="512" height="62"></rect><rect x="0" y="161" width="512" height="62"></rect><rect x="0" y="321" width="512" height="62"></rect></g></g></svg></div>
<ul id="menu-primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-97" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-97"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/astronomy/">Astronomy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-98" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-98"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/planet/">Planet</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-99" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-99"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/outer-space/">Outer Space</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-100"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/physics/">Physics</a></li>
</ul><div class="pc_dm_mode style_2">
<label class="pc_dm_switch">
<input type="checkbox" class="pc_dark_mode_toggle" aria-label="Darkmode Switcher">
<span class="slider round"></span>
</label>
</div><div id="top-search" class="penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes">
<a href="#" class="search-click" aria-label="Search">
<i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i>
</a>
<div class="show-search pcbds-default">
<form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://linegee.net/">
<div class="pc-searchform-inner">
<input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s">
<i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i>
<button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button>
</div>
</form>
<a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav><!-- End Navigation -->
</div>
</header>
<!-- end #header -->
</div>
<center>
<div id="pf-10468-1" class="PUBFUTURE" data-unit="66c2b7b644b5a64c6099489d" style="position: relative; margin: auto; clear: both; width: 300px;"><script>window.pubfuturetag = window.pubfuturetag || [];window.pubfuturetag.push({unit: "66c2b7b644b5a64c6099489d", id: "pf-10468-1"})</script><div class="pf-config-671b5923af06b1266554e68c" style="position: relative; display: block;"><div class="pf-wrapper"><script async="" src="https://adxbid.info/linegeenetlidynamic.js"></script></div></div><div class="pf-config-66c31855c313c35a1fd24e68" style="position: relative; display: block;"><div class="pf-wrapper"><a id="dl-banner-300x250" href="//aiveemtomsaix.net/4/7923299" style="background: transparent !important;
border: 0 !important;
display: block !important;
margin: 0 auto !important;
outline: none !important;
max-width: 300px !important;
width: 100% !important;" target="_blank"><iframe style="display: block; opacity: 1; background: transparent !important; border: 0px !important; font-size: 0px !important; margin: 0px auto !important; max-height: 250px !important; max-width: 300px !important; overflow: hidden !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0px !important; pointer-events: none !important; transition: height 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s !important; width: 100% !important; height: 250px;"></iframe></a><script async="" data-cfasync="false" data-size="300x250" data-id="dl-banner-300x250" data-zone="7923299" src="//grapseex.com/btag.min.js"></script><</div></div></div>
</center>
<br><br><br> <div class="penci-single-wrapper">
<div class="penci-single-block">
<div class="container penci-breadcrumb single-breadcrumb">
<span><a class="crumb" href="https://linegee.net/">Home</a></span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span><a class="crumb" href="https://linegee.net/category/astronomy/">Astronomy</a></span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span>Understanding Background Radiation</span>
</div>
<div class="container container-single penci-single-style-8 penci-single-smore penci_sidebar penci-enable-lightbox">
<div id="main">
<div class="theiaStickySidebar">
<article id="post-179" class="post type-post status-publish">
<div class="container-single penci-single-style-8 penci-header-text-white">
<div class="post-image penci-move-title-above">
<div class="penci-jarallax"><div id="jarallax-container-0" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; z-index: -100;"><img class="jarallax-img" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Background-Radiation.jpg" alt="" style="object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 50%; max-width: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 726px; height: 481.5px; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; transform-style: preserve-3d; backface-visibility: hidden; will-change: transform, opacity; margin-top: 59.25px; transform: translate3d(0px, -313.547px, 0px);"></div></div><div class="standard-post-special_wrapper"> <div class="header-standard header-classic single-header">
<div class="penci-standard-cat penci-single-cat"><span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-3" href="https://linegee.net/category/astronomy/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Astronomy</span></a></span>
</div>
<h1 class="post-title single-post-title entry-title">Understanding Background Radiation</h1>
<h2 class="penci-psub-title ">The Subtle Glow of the Universe</h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated">
<span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://linegee.net/author/enigma/">Enigma</a>
</span>
<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-26T08:44:31+07:00">May 26, 2024</time> </div>
<div class="post-box-meta-single">
<span class="author-post byline"><span class="author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://linegee.net/author/enigma/">Enigma</a>
</span></span>
<span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-26T08:44:31+07:00">May 26, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div> </div>
</div>
<div class="post-entry blockquote-style-1">
<div class="inner-post-entry entry-content" id="penci-post-entry-inner">
<i class="penci-post-countview-number-check" style="display:none">322.9K</i>
<p>Background radiation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that permeates our environment, originating from various natural and man-made sources. While it might sound alarming, background radiation is a normal part of our daily lives and has been present since the dawn of the universe. In this article, we will explore what background radiation is, its sources, its significance, and how it affects us. We will also delve into the fascinating history of its discovery and its implications for science and technology.</p>
<div class="penci-toc-container-wrapper sticky-disable"><div id="penci-toc-container" class="penci-toc-container penci-toc-default counter-hierarchy counter-decimal enable-toggle s2 penci-toc-wrapper max-lv-3 hide-table">
<div class="penci-toc-head penci-toc-title-container">
<p class="penci-toc-title">Table of Contents</p>
<span class="penci-toc-title-toggle"><a class="penci-toc-toggle penci-toc-title-toggle" style="display: inline;"></a></span></div>
<nav class="penci-toc"><ul class="penci-toc-list" style="display: none;"><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-1" href="#penci-What-is-Background-Radiation" title="What is Background Radiation?">What is Background Radiation?</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-2" href="#penci-Sources-of-Background-Radiation" title="Sources of Background Radiation">Sources of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-3" href="#penci-The-Discovery-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Discovery of Background Radiation">The Discovery of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-4" href="#penci-Measuring-Background-Radiation" title="Measuring Background Radiation">Measuring Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-5" href="#penci-The-Impact-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Impact of Background Radiation">The Impact of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-6" href="#penci-The-Significance-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Significance of Background Radiation">The Significance of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-7" href="#penci-Conclusion" title="Conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></nav></div></div>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-What-is-Background-Radiation">What is Background Radiation?</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation refers to the low levels of ionizing radiation that are present in the environment all around us. This radiation comes from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial. It is called “background” because it is always present, providing a constant backdrop of radiation that can be detected with appropriate instruments.</p><div class="soractrl"><!-- Netpub Banner - IAB 640x480 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script>
<ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="200x200,250x250,300x250,300x50,320x100,320x50,336x280,400x350,468x60,640x480" data-sizes-mobile="200x200,250x250,300x250,300x50,320x100,320x50,360x100" data-slot="5"><div id="div_netpub_banner_1ukctpv1miwdkmd6am" style="visibility: hidden;"><div id="div_netpub_slot_2npapsmpmwey09nfet71" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; z-index: 1;"><div id="div_netpub_campaign_djukou488u3xh08v" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; display: none;"></div></div></div></ins></div>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-Sources-of-Background-Radiation">Sources of Background Radiation</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation has several sources, which can be broadly categorized into natural and artificial origins.</p>
<p><strong>1. Natural Sources:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Cosmic Radiation: High-energy particles from outer space constantly bombard the Earth. These cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere, producing secondary particles that contribute to background radiation. The intensity of cosmic radiation increases with altitude and latitude.
<p></p><div id="attachment_180" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-180" class="wp-image-180 size-medium" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cosmic-Radiation-300x160.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="160" srcset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cosmic-Radiation-300x160.jpg 300w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cosmic-Radiation-768x411.jpg 768w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cosmic-Radiation-585x313.jpg 585w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cosmic-Radiation.jpg 860w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"><p id="caption-attachment-180" class="wp-caption-text">Cosmic rays</p></div></li>
<li>Terrestrial Radiation: Naturally occurring radioactive materials in the Earth’s crust, such as uranium, thorium, and radon, emit radiation. Radon gas, in particular, can accumulate in buildings and contribute significantly to indoor background radiation levels.
<p></p><div id="attachment_183" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-183" class="size-medium wp-image-183" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Terrestrial-Radiation-300x300.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" srcset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Terrestrial-Radiation-300x300.jpg 300w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Terrestrial-Radiation-150x150.jpg 150w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Terrestrial-Radiation.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"><p id="caption-attachment-183" class="wp-caption-text">Terrestrial radiation</p></div></li>
<li>Internal Radiation: Radioactive isotopes, such as potassium-40 and carbon-14, are naturally present in our bodies. These isotopes contribute to the background radiation dose we receive internally.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>2. Artificial Sources:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Medical Procedures: X-rays, CT scans, and other diagnostic imaging techniques use ionizing radiation. While these procedures are essential for medical care, they contribute to the artificial component of background radiation.</li>
<li>Nuclear Industry: Activities related to nuclear power generation, nuclear weapons testing, and certain industrial applications release small amounts of radioactive materials into the environment.</li>
<li>Consumer Products: Some everyday products, such as smoke detectors and certain types of luminous watches, contain small amounts of radioactive materials.</li>
</ul>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-The-Discovery-of-Background-Radiation">The Discovery of Background Radiation</span></h4>
<p>The concept of background radiation was first brought to light in the early 20th century. One of the pivotal discoveries in this field was the detection of cosmic rays by physicist Victor Hess in 1912. Hess conducted a series of balloon flights, carrying instruments to measure radiation levels at various altitudes. He discovered that radiation levels increased with altitude, indicating the presence of high-energy particles from space.</p>
<p>Another significant milestone was the discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in 1965 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. This faint glow of microwave radiation, permeating the universe, is a relic of the Big Bang. The CMB provides a snapshot of the early universe, offering invaluable insights into the origins and evolution of the cosmos.</p>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-Measuring-Background-Radiation">Measuring Background Radiation</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation is measured using various instruments designed to detect ionizing radiation. Some common devices include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Geiger-Muller Counters: These handheld devices detect and measure radiation levels. They are commonly used for monitoring environmental radiation and detecting radioactive contamination.
<p></p><div id="attachment_184" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-184" class="wp-image-184 size-medium" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Geiger-Muller-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" srcset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Geiger-Muller-300x224.jpg 300w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Geiger-Muller.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"><p id="caption-attachment-184" class="wp-caption-text">A Geiger-Muller counter used for detecting radiation</p></div></li>
<li>Scintillation Detectors: These detectors use scintillating materials that emit light when struck by ionizing radiation. The emitted light is then measured to determine the radiation dose.
<p></p><div id="attachment_185" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-185" class="wp-image-185 size-medium" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Scintillation-Detector-300x243.png" alt="" width="300" height="243" srcset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Scintillation-Detector-300x243.png 300w, https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Scintillation-Detector.png 549w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"><p id="caption-attachment-185" class="wp-caption-text">A scintillation detector used in radiation measurement</p></div></li>
<li>Dosimeters: Personal dosimeters are worn by individuals working with or around radiation. They measure the cumulative radiation dose received over time.</li>
</ul>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-The-Impact-of-Background-Radiation">The Impact of Background Radiation</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation is a natural part of our environment, and humans have evolved to live with it. The average person is exposed to about 3 millisieverts (mSv) of radiation per year from natural sources, with additional exposure coming from artificial sources such as medical procedures. For context, a single chest X-ray typically delivers a dose of about 0.1 mSv.</p>
<p>While low levels of background radiation are generally considered harmless, high doses of radiation can cause health problems, including an increased risk of cancer. It is important to manage and minimize exposure to artificial sources of radiation, particularly in medical and occupational settings.</p>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-The-Significance-of-Background-Radiation">The Significance of Background Radiation</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation has significant implications for various fields of science and technology. Some key areas include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Astronomy and Cosmology: The study of cosmic rays and the cosmic microwave background has provided critical insights into the structure and history of the universe. The CMB, in particular, has helped scientists understand the conditions of the early universe and the formation of galaxies.</li>
<li>Geology and Archaeology: Techniques such as radiocarbon dating rely on the presence of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes to determine the age of ancient artifacts and geological formations.</li>
<li>Medical Research: Understanding the effects of radiation on biological systems is essential for developing safe and effective medical treatments, particularly in the fields of radiology and oncology.</li>
<li>Environmental Monitoring: Measuring background radiation levels is crucial for assessing the impact of nuclear activities and ensuring public safety. Monitoring helps detect any unusual increases in radiation that could indicate a potential hazard.</li>
</ul>
<h4><span class="penci-toc-section" id="penci-Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h4>
<p>Background radiation, while often invisible and unnoticed, is an integral part of our world. It originates from a variety of natural and artificial sources, and its presence has shaped our understanding of the universe and influenced numerous scientific and technological advancements. By studying background radiation, we gain insights into the fundamental processes of nature, the history of our planet, and the cosmos beyond. As we continue to explore and harness this knowledge, we can better appreciate the delicate balance of radiation that surrounds us and the ways in which it impacts our lives.</p>
<div class="penci-single-link-pages">
</div>
<div class="post-tags">
<a href="https://linegee.net/tag/radiation/" rel="tag">radiation</a> </div>
</div>
<div class="penci-toc-container-wrapper sticky-disable penci-sticky-toc hide-table"><div id="penci-toc-sticky-container" class="penci-toc-container penci-toc-default counter-hierarchy counter-decimal enable-toggle s2 penci-toc-wrapper max-lv-3 hide-table">
<div class="penci-toc-head penci-toc-title-container">
<p class="penci-toc-title">Table of Contents</p>
<span class="penci-toc-title-toggle"><a class="penci-toc-toggle penci-toc-title-toggle sticky-toggle" style="display: inline;"></a></span></div>
<nav class="penci-toc"><ul class="penci-toc-list" style="display: none;"><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-1" href="#penci-What-is-Background-Radiation" title="What is Background Radiation?">What is Background Radiation?</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-2" href="#penci-Sources-of-Background-Radiation" title="Sources of Background Radiation">Sources of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-3" href="#penci-The-Discovery-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Discovery of Background Radiation">The Discovery of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-4" href="#penci-Measuring-Background-Radiation" title="Measuring Background Radiation">Measuring Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-5" href="#penci-The-Impact-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Impact of Background Radiation">The Impact of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-6" href="#penci-The-Significance-of-Background-Radiation" title="The Significance of Background Radiation">The Significance of Background Radiation</a></li><li class="penci-tocli"><a class="penci-toc-link penci-toc-heading-7" href="#penci-Conclusion" title="Conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div>
<div class="penci-google-adsense-2">
<!-- Netpub Banner - IAB 300x250 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script>
<ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="200x200,250x250,300x250,336x280" data-sizes-mobile="200x200,250x250,300x250,336x280" data-slot="3"><div id="div_netpub_banner_5ld6hl3oau98at9819t" style="visibility: hidden;"><div id="div_netpub_slot_jj398fcccco86iqhmmdmi" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; z-index: 1;"><div id="div_netpub_campaign_mw5ywrj1zgjeihdtojz" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; display: none;"></div></div></div></ins> </div>
<div class="tags-share-box single-post-share tags-share-box-s1 center-box social-align-default disable-btnplus post-share" style="opacity: 1;">
<span class="single-comment-o"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-comment-o"></i>153 comments</span>
<span class="post-share-item post-share-plike">
<span class="count-number-like">6</span><a href="#" aria-label="Like this post" class="penci-post-like single-like-button" data-post_id="179" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o"></i></a> </span>
<a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Understanding%20Background%20Radiation%20-%20https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-x-twitter"></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flinegee.net%2Funderstanding-background-radiation%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Flinegee.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F06%2FBackground-Radiation.jpg&description=Understanding+Background+Radiation"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest"></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="mailto:?subject=Understanding%20Background%20Radiation&BODY=https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a><a class="post-share-item post-share-expand" href="#" aria-label="Share Expand"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-add"></i></a> </div>
<div class="post-author abio-style-2 bioimg-round">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/27d5342b8c90e246c0b88d69307d35ea?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/27d5342b8c90e246c0b88d69307d35ea?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="author-content">
<h5><a href="https://linegee.net/author/enigma/" title="Author Enigma" rel="author">Enigma</a></h5>
<p></p>
<div class="bio-social">
<a rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="author-social" href="https://linegee.net"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-globe"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post-pagination">
<div class="prev-post">
<a class="penci-post-nav-thumb penci-holder-load penci-lazy" href="https://linegee.net/exploring-alpha-centauri/" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/alpha-centauri-150x150.webp">
</a>
<div class="prev-post-inner">
<div class="prev-post-title">
<span>previous post</span>
</div>
<a href="https://linegee.net/exploring-alpha-centauri/">
<div class="pagi-text">
<h5 class="prev-title">Exploring Alpha Centauri</h5>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="next-post">
<a class="penci-post-nav-thumb penci-holder-load penci-lazy nav-thumb-next" href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Baileys-beads-150x150.jpg">
</a>
<div class="next-post-inner">
<div class="prev-post-title next-post-title">
<span>next post</span>
</div>
<a href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/">
<div class="pagi-text">
<h5 class="next-title">Bailey’s Beads</h5>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post-related">
<div class="post-title-box"><h4 class="post-box-title">You may also like</h4></div>
<div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-related-carousel owl-loaded owl-drag" data-lazy="true" data-item="3" data-desktop="3" data-tablet="2" data-tabsmall="2" data-auto="false" data-speed="300" data-dots="true" data-nav="false">
<div class="owl-stage-outer owl-height" style="height: 308.844px;"><div class="owl-stage" style="transform: translate3d(-1815px, 0px, 0px); transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 7260px;"><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/deneb-star-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-soulful-secrets-of-alpha-cygni/" title="Exploring the Soulful Secrets of Alpha Cygni">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-soulful-secrets-of-alpha-cygni/">Exploring the Soulful Secrets of Alpha Cygni</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-09T05:15:48+07:00">October 9, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/crescent-moon-585x337.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-crescent-moon-a-symbol-of-transition-and-beauty-in-the-night-sky/" title="The Crescent Moon: A Symbol of Transition and Beauty in the Night Sky">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-crescent-moon-a-symbol-of-transition-and-beauty-in-the-night-sky/">The Crescent Moon: A Symbol of Transition and...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:55:26+07:00">August 13, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cosmicra-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/cosmic-rays/" title="Cosmic Rays">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/cosmic-rays/">Cosmic Rays</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-10T07:42:39+07:00">August 10, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/constellation-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-fascinating-world-of-constellations/" title="The Fascinating World of Constellations">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-fascinating-world-of-constellations/">The Fascinating World of Constellations</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-01T12:38:05+07:00">August 1, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Baileys-beads-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/" title="Bailey’s Beads">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/">Bailey’s Beads</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-06-10T20:59:26+07:00">June 10, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item active" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/equinox2-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/" title="Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/">Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T10:20:45+07:00">November 26, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item active" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Pl9elipse-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/" title="How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical Orbit">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/">How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T21:01:42+07:00">November 18, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Eclipse-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/" title="Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/">Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-02T08:25:05+07:00">November 2, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Eccentricity-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/eccentricitys-cosmic-play-revolutionizing-our-understanding-of-orbits/" title="Eccentricity’s Cosmic Play: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Orbits">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/eccentricitys-cosmic-play-revolutionizing-our-understanding-of-orbits/">Eccentricity’s Cosmic Play: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Orbits</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-01T20:13:00+07:00">November 1, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Doppler-Shift-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/surfing-the-universe-how-doppler-shift-unveils-cosmic-secrets/" title="Surfing the Universe: How Doppler Shift Unveils Cosmic Secrets">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/surfing-the-universe-how-doppler-shift-unveils-cosmic-secrets/">Surfing the Universe: How Doppler Shift Unveils Cosmic...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-16T19:58:05+07:00">October 16, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/deneb-star-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-soulful-secrets-of-alpha-cygni/" title="Exploring the Soulful Secrets of Alpha Cygni">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-soulful-secrets-of-alpha-cygni/">Exploring the Soulful Secrets of Alpha Cygni</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-09T05:15:48+07:00">October 9, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/crescent-moon-585x337.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-crescent-moon-a-symbol-of-transition-and-beauty-in-the-night-sky/" title="The Crescent Moon: A Symbol of Transition and Beauty in the Night Sky">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-crescent-moon-a-symbol-of-transition-and-beauty-in-the-night-sky/">The Crescent Moon: A Symbol of Transition and...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:55:26+07:00">August 13, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cosmicra-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/cosmic-rays/" title="Cosmic Rays">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/cosmic-rays/">Cosmic Rays</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-10T07:42:39+07:00">August 10, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/constellation-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-fascinating-world-of-constellations/" title="The Fascinating World of Constellations">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-fascinating-world-of-constellations/">The Fascinating World of Constellations</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-01T12:38:05+07:00">August 1, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Baileys-beads-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/" title="Bailey’s Beads">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/baileys-beads/">Bailey’s Beads</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-06-10T20:59:26+07:00">June 10, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/equinox2-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/" title="Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/">Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T10:20:45+07:00">November 26, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Pl9elipse-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/" title="How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical Orbit">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/">How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T21:01:42+07:00">November 18, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Eclipse-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/" title="Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/">Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-02T08:25:05+07:00">November 2, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Eccentricity-585x390.png" href="https://linegee.net/eccentricitys-cosmic-play-revolutionizing-our-understanding-of-orbits/" title="Eccentricity’s Cosmic Play: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Orbits">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/eccentricitys-cosmic-play-revolutionizing-our-understanding-of-orbits/">Eccentricity’s Cosmic Play: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Orbits</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-01T20:13:00+07:00">November 1, 2024</time></span>
</div></div><div class="owl-item cloned" style="width: 363px;"><div class="item-related">
<a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Doppler-Shift-585x390.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/surfing-the-universe-how-doppler-shift-unveils-cosmic-secrets/" title="Surfing the Universe: How Doppler Shift Unveils Cosmic Secrets">
</a>
<h3>
<a href="https://linegee.net/surfing-the-universe-how-doppler-shift-unveils-cosmic-secrets/">Surfing the Universe: How Doppler Shift Unveils Cosmic...</a>
</h3>
<span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-16T19:58:05+07:00">October 16, 2024</time></span>
</div></div></div></div><div class="owl-nav disabled"><div class="owl-prev"><i class="penciicon-left-chevron"></i></div><div class="owl-next"><i class="penciicon-right-chevron"></i></div></div><div class="owl-dots"><div class="owl-dot active"><span></span></div><div class="owl-dot"><span></span></div><div class="owl-dot"><span></span></div><div class="owl-dot"><span></span></div><div class="owl-dot"><span></span></div></div></div></div>
<div class="post-comments penci-comments-hide-0" id="comments">
<div class="post-title-box"><h4 class="post-box-title">153 comments</h4></div><div class="comments"> <div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-697" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-697">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dfc47b6f30af08a16b9847ea8c457aca?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dfc47b6f30af08a16b9847ea8c457aca?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">gat</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-23T02:08:24+07:00" title="Sunday, June 23, 2024, 2:08 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 23, 2024 - 2:08 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>gut</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=697#respond" data-commentid="697" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-697" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to gat" aria-label="Reply to gat">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-730" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-730">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d1fce593fe497c90716c2b359a6be87?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d1fce593fe497c90716c2b359a6be87?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">sal</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-24T17:21:44+07:00" title="Monday, June 24, 2024, 5:21 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 24, 2024 - 5:21 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>….</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=730#respond" data-commentid="730" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-730" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to sal" aria-label="Reply to sal">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-874" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-874">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e58d459d13c7263a384c651060746c86?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e58d459d13c7263a384c651060746c86?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">huh uhaha</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T20:35:25+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 8:35 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 8:35 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>ssss</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=874#respond" data-commentid="874" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-874" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to huh uhaha" aria-label="Reply to huh uhaha">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-875" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-875">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">ssss</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T20:36:09+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 8:36 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 8:36 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>jkj</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=875#respond" data-commentid="875" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-875" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to ssss" aria-label="Reply to ssss">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-877" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-877">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">ssss</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T20:36:48+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 8:36 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 8:36 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>dsfd</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=877#respond" data-commentid="877" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-877" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to ssss" aria-label="Reply to ssss">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-878" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-878">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">ssss</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T20:37:32+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 8:37 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 8:37 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>as as Asd</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=878#respond" data-commentid="878" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-878" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to ssss" aria-label="Reply to ssss">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-880" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-880">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d137551ed6bb86c9a0b8e360884b0f87?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">ssss</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T20:38:08+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 8:38 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 8:38 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>e dss dfse eed d</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=880#respond" data-commentid="880" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-880" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to ssss" aria-label="Reply to ssss">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-884" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-884">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f19bb68911f6476690710cfc149c3fc2?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f19bb68911f6476690710cfc149c3fc2?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><a href="http://-" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">d</a></span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T23:05:44+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 11:05 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 11:05 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>a</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=884#respond" data-commentid="884" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-884" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to d" aria-label="Reply to d">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-885" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-885">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f19bb68911f6476690710cfc149c3fc2?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f19bb68911f6476690710cfc149c3fc2?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><a href="http://-" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">d</a></span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-29T23:06:17+07:00" title="Saturday, June 29, 2024, 11:06 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 29, 2024 - 11:06 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>abcd</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=885#respond" data-commentid="885" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-885" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to d" aria-label="Reply to d">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-886" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-886">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">jhfhj</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-30T07:07:52+07:00" title="Sunday, June 30, 2024, 7:07 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 30, 2024 - 7:07 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>thanks</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=886#respond" data-commentid="886" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-886" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jhfhj" aria-label="Reply to jhfhj">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-887" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-887">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">jundi</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-30T07:08:23+07:00" title="Sunday, June 30, 2024, 7:08 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 30, 2024 - 7:08 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>thanks bro</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=887#respond" data-commentid="887" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-887" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jundi" aria-label="Reply to jundi">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-890" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-890">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b4785ba9b29b9f9172ab703d09a94a5?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">jundi</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-06-30T09:43:22+07:00" title="Sunday, June 30, 2024, 9:43 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>June 30, 2024 - 9:43 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>yeah</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=890#respond" data-commentid="890" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-890" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jundi" aria-label="Reply to jundi">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-1008" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-1008">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/06fac5c482454aa2610e6bc972a8571e?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/06fac5c482454aa2610e6bc972a8571e?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">db</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-07-03T07:41:55+07:00" title="Wednesday, July 3, 2024, 7:41 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>July 3, 2024 - 7:41 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>u</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=1008#respond" data-commentid="1008" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-1008" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to db" aria-label="Reply to db">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-1057" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-1057">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e9a6bc95d6cc79450bcb5c5ae6a07fc7?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e9a6bc95d6cc79450bcb5c5ae6a07fc7?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><a href="http://pahe.ink" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">keagan</a></span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-07-04T09:38:53+07:00" title="Thursday, July 4, 2024, 9:38 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>July 4, 2024 - 9:38 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>rock on</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=1057#respond" data-commentid="1057" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-1057" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to keagan" aria-label="Reply to keagan">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-1235" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-1235">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51edb2254857a21358b7f55e2e3c7d93?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/51edb2254857a21358b7f55e2e3c7d93?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">John</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-07-07T15:27:21+07:00" title="Sunday, July 7, 2024, 3:27 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>July 7, 2024 - 3:27 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>test</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=1235#respond" data-commentid="1235" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-1235" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to John" aria-label="Reply to John">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-1250" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-1250">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/912f0c6b90e9958bfd185ba3dc328374?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/912f0c6b90e9958bfd185ba3dc328374?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Mark</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-07-07T20:41:51+07:00" title="Sunday, July 7, 2024, 8:41 pm" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>July 7, 2024 - 8:41 pm</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>Thanks</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=1250#respond" data-commentid="1250" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-1250" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Mark" aria-label="Reply to Mark">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
<div class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-1258" itemprop="" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/UserComments">
<meta itemprop="discusses" content="Understanding Background Radiation">
<link itemprop="url" href="#comment-1258">
<div class="thecomment">
<div class="author-img">
<img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d81739425a8a6f2852a908b38d583b8?s=100&d=retro&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1d81739425a8a6f2852a908b38d583b8?s=200&d=retro&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" height="100" width="100" decoding="async"> </div>
<div class="comment-text">
<span class="author" itemprop="creator" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">jube</span></span>
<span class="date" datetime="2024-07-08T00:51:46+07:00" title="Monday, July 8, 2024, 12:51 am" itemprop="commentTime"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o"></i>July 8, 2024 - 12:51 am</span>
<div class="comment-content" itemprop="commentText"><p>yessss</p>
</div>
<span class="reply">
<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/?replytocom=1258#respond" data-commentid="1258" data-postid="179" data-belowelement="comment-1258" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jube" aria-label="Reply to jube">Reply</a> </span>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- #comment-## -->
</div><div id="comments_pagination"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/comment-page-2/#comments">2</a>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/comment-page-3/#comments">3</a>
<span class="page-numbers dots">…</span>
<a class="page-numbers" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/comment-page-9/#comments">9</a>
<a class="next page-numbers" href="https://linegee.net/understanding-background-radiation/comment-page-2/#comments">»</a></div> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond">
<h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title"><span>Leave a Comment</span> <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/understanding-background-radiation/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel Reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://linegee.net/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"><p class="comment-form-comment"><textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" placeholder="Your Comment" aria-required="true"></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" placeholder="Name*" size="30" aria-required="true"></p>
<p class="comment-form-email"><input id="email" name="email" type="text" value="" placeholder="Email*" size="30" aria-required="true"></p>
<p class="comment-form-url"><input id="url" name="url" type="text" value="" placeholder="Website" size="30"></p>
<p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes"><span class="comment-form-cookies-text" for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</span></p>
<div class="g-recaptcha" style="transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: 0 0; -webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;" data-sitekey="6Ld_OcQUAAAAAHawZrvQvtHLRTmFCSrHnO5F5kkY"><div style="width: 304px; height: 78px;"><div><iframe title="reCAPTCHA" width="304" height="78" role="presentation" name="a-uaegburcdwl9" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-modals allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-storage-access-by-user-activation" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?ar=1&k=6Ld_OcQUAAAAAHawZrvQvtHLRTmFCSrHnO5F5kkY&co=aHR0cHM6Ly9saW5lZ2VlLm5ldDo0NDM.&hl=en&v=zIriijn3uj5Vpknvt_LnfNbF&size=normal&cb=lndsptx9dg8v"></iframe></div><textarea id="g-recaptcha-response" name="g-recaptcha-response" class="g-recaptcha-response" style="width: 250px; height: 40px; border: 1px solid rgb(193, 193, 193); margin: 10px 25px; padding: 0px; resize: none; display: none;"></textarea></div></div><script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=1.26" id="wpcaptcha-recaptcha-js"></script><p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="179" id="comment_post_ID">
<input type="hidden" name="comment_parent" id="comment_parent" value="0">
</p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="e930edfee4"></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="1734880621830"><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div><!-- #respond -->
</div> <!-- end comments div -->
</article>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sidebar" class="penci-sidebar-right penci-sidebar-content style-1 pcalign-center pciconp-right pcicon-right">
<div class="theiaStickySidebar">
<aside id="penci_search_box_widget-2" class="widget penci_search_box_widget"> <div class="pcwg-widget pc-widget-searchform penci-builder-element pc-search-form search-style-default">
<form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://linegee.net/">
<div class="pc-searchform-inner">
<input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s">
<i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i>
<button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</aside><aside id="penci_quote_widget-2" class="widget penci_quote_widget">
<div class="quote-widget">
<i class="penci-faicon fa fa-quote-left"></i> <p>The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.</p>
</div>
</aside><aside id="penci_posts_tabs_widget-2" class="widget penci_posts_tabs_widget"> <div class="penc-posts-tabs hide-icon box-tabs" id="pc-wpt-7480">
<div class="tabs">
<ul>
<li class="li-tab-recent active" data-tab="tab-recent"><a href="#" aria-label="Tab">Recent</a></li><li class="li-tab-popular" data-tab="tab-popular"><a href="#" aria-label="Tab">Popular</a></li><li class="li-tab-comments" data-tab="tab-comments"><a href="#" aria-label="Tab">comments</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<div class="tabs-content">
<div class="tab-content-wrapper tab-recent active">
<ul data-settings="{"title":"","tabs_order":"recent_popular_comments","tabs_style":"default","popular_order":"all","number":"5","number_comments":"8","tabs_icon":"","disable_popular":"","disable_recent":"","disable_comments":"","sticky":"on","show_author":"","show_comment":"","show_postviews":"","showborder":"","row_gap":"","imgwidth":"","ptfsfe":"","ptfs":"","pmfs":"","image_type":"default","type":"","title_length":"","offset":"","categories":"","dotstyle":"","movemeta":"","hide_thumb":"","ajaxnav":"","featured":"","allfeatured":"","thumbright":"","twocolumn":"","featured2":"","ordernum":"","ordernum_recent":"on","postdate":"","icon":""}" data-paged="1" data-type="recent" data-action="penci_posts_tabs_widget_ajax" data-mes="Sorry, No more posts" data-max="10" class="penci-wdtab-ct side-newsfeed">
<li class="penci-feed">
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/event-horizon2-263x175.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/journey-beyond-exploring-the-mysteries-of-the-event-horizon-in-astronomy/" title="Journey Beyond: Exploring the Mysteries of the Event Horizon in Astronomy"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/journey-beyond-exploring-the-mysteries-of-the-event-horizon-in-astronomy/" rel="bookmark" title="Journey Beyond: Exploring the Mysteries of the Event Horizon in Astronomy">
Journey Beyond: Exploring the Mysteries of the Event Horizon in Astronomy </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T10:30:52+07:00">December 6, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/equinox2-263x175.png" href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/" title="Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/equinox-nights-a-mesmerizing-overview-of-celestial-harmonies/" rel="bookmark" title="Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies">
Equinox Nights: A Mesmerizing Overview of Celestial Harmonies </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T10:20:45+07:00">November 26, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Pl9elipse-263x175.png" href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/" title="How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical Orbit"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/how-earths-journey-reveals-the-secrets-of-elliptical-orbit/" rel="bookmark" title="How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical Orbit">
How Earth’s Journey Reveals the Secrets of Elliptical Orbit </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T21:01:42+07:00">November 18, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ecliptic2-263x175.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/discovering-the-universe-on-the-ecliptic-a-cosmic-journey/" title="Discovering the Universe on the Ecliptic: A Cosmic Journey"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/discovering-the-universe-on-the-ecliptic-a-cosmic-journey/" rel="bookmark" title="Discovering the Universe on the Ecliptic: A Cosmic Journey">
Discovering the Universe on the Ecliptic: A Cosmic Journey </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T20:43:19+07:00">November 4, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Eclipse-263x175.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/" title="Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/welcome-the-mysterious-arrival-of-an-eclipse/" rel="bookmark" title="Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse">
Welcome the Mysterious Arrival of an Eclipse </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-02T08:25:05+07:00">November 2, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tab-content-wrapper tab-popular inactive">
<ul data-settings="{"title":"","tabs_order":"recent_popular_comments","tabs_style":"default","popular_order":"all","number":"5","number_comments":"8","tabs_icon":"","disable_popular":"","disable_recent":"","disable_comments":"","sticky":"on","show_author":"","show_comment":"","show_postviews":"","showborder":"","row_gap":"","imgwidth":"","ptfsfe":"","ptfs":"","pmfs":"","image_type":"default","type":"","title_length":"","offset":"","categories":"","dotstyle":"","movemeta":"","hide_thumb":"","ajaxnav":"","featured":"","allfeatured":"","thumbright":"","twocolumn":"","featured2":"","ordernum":"","ordernum_recent":"on","postdate":"","icon":""}" data-paged="1" data-type="popular" data-action="penci_posts_tabs_widget_ajax" data-mes="Sorry, No more posts" data-max="10" class="penci-wdtab-ct side-newsfeed display-order-numbers">
<li class="penci-feed">
<span class="order-border-number">
<span class="number-post">1</span>
</span>
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/moon-full.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-natural-satellite-of-the-earth/" title="The Natural Satellite of The Earth"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-natural-satellite-of-the-earth/" rel="bookmark" title="The Natural Satellite of The Earth">
The Natural Satellite of The Earth </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-03-10T09:14:47+07:00">March 10, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<span class="order-border-number">
<span class="number-post">2</span>
</span>
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/disciplines.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/the-disciplines-of-bioastronomy/" title="The Disciplines of Bioastronomy"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/the-disciplines-of-bioastronomy/" rel="bookmark" title="The Disciplines of Bioastronomy">
The Disciplines of Bioastronomy </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-03-11T15:28:52+07:00">March 11, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<span class="order-border-number">
<span class="number-post">3</span>
</span>
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/earth-move.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/how-the-earth-moves/" title="How The Earth Moves"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/how-the-earth-moves/" rel="bookmark" title="How The Earth Moves">
How The Earth Moves </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-10T05:53:00+07:00">February 10, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<span class="order-border-number">
<span class="number-post">4</span>
</span>
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Light.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/light/" title="Light"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/light/" rel="bookmark" title="Light">
Light </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-03-05T13:41:23+07:00">March 5, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="penci-feed">
<span class="order-border-number">
<span class="number-post">5</span>
</span>
<div class="side-item">
<div class="side-image">
<a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy small-fix-size" rel="bookmark" data-bgset="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hole.jpg" href="https://linegee.net/how-to-find-a-supermassive-black-hole/" title="How to Find a Supermassive Black Hole"></a>
</div>
<div class="side-item-text">
<h4 class="side-title-post">
<a href="https://linegee.net/how-to-find-a-supermassive-black-hole/" rel="bookmark" title="How to Find a Supermassive Black Hole">
How to Find a Supermassive Black Hole </a>
</h4>
<div class="grid-post-box-meta penci-side-item-meta pcsnmt-below">
<span class="side-item-meta side-wdate"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-29T21:55:43+07:00">February 29, 2024</time></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tab-content-wrapper tab-comments recent-comments inactive">
<ul data-max="475" data-paged="1" data-mes="Sorry, No more comments" data-action="penci_posts_tabs_widget_comments_ajax">
<li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/aeb58f57d8ffd79ebefa827e36ea0847?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">STEVE</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/our-milky-way/">Our Milky Way</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/ed2715e54f2513d29150c95649cc216b?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">STEVE</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/exoplanets/">Exoplanets</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b2a512cd7641c0c3b488b493fc18612c?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">asdwa</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/light/">Light</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b642b4217b34b1e8d3bd915fc65c4452?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">test</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/bolometers/">Bolometers</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/a7e9ee62b46d57662e763afec0afded7?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">No</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/observe-the-sky/">Observe the Sky</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/0ca52abaa9fce14c44a351fccd1b9fc5?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">Frank</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/exploring-the-soulful-secrets-of-alpha-cygni/">Exploring the Soulful Secrets of Alpha Cygni</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/f6305fa41399ad3f0866c899489a2a2a?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">aj</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/mercury/">Mercury</a></div>
</li><li>
<a href="https://linegee.net/author/" class="avatar"><img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/55a90d16c288eb6309e381e6fd357791?s=70" alt=""></a>
<div class="author-info"><a href="https://linegee.net/author/">redz</a> on <a href="https://linegee.net/our-milky-way/">Our Milky Way</a></div>
</li> </ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</aside><aside id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Archieves</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/12/">December 2024</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/11/">November 2024</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/10/">October 2024</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/09/">September 2024</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/08/">August 2024</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/07/">July 2024</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/06/">June 2024</a> (3)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/05/">May 2024</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/04/">April 2024</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/03/">March 2024</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/02/">February 2024</a> (8)</li>
<li><a href="https://linegee.net/2024/01/">January 2024</a> (9)</li>
</ul>
</aside><aside id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><!-- Netpub Banner - Fixed 160x600 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script>
<ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="120x600,160x600" data-sizes-mobile="120x600,160x600" data-fixed="1"></ins></div></aside> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<center>
<div id="pf-10468-1"><script>window.pubfuturetag = window.pubfuturetag || [];window.pubfuturetag.push({unit: "66c2b7b644b5a64c6099489d", id: "pf-10468-1"})</script></div>
</center>
<div class="clear-footer"></div>
<footer id="footer-section" class="penci-footer-social-media penci-lazy" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter">
<div class="container">
<div class="footer-logo-copyright footer-not-logo">
<div class="footer-menu-wrap" role="navigation" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
<ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="footer-menu"><li id="menu-item-112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy ajax-mega-menu menu-item-112"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://linegee.net/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-116"><a href="https://linegee.net/terms-of-service/">Terms of Service</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-113"><a href="https://linegee.net/sitemap.xml">Sitemap</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-135"><a href="https://linegee.net/contact-me/">Contact Me</a></li>
</ul> </div>
<div id="footer-copyright">
<p>@ 2024 - Linegee<br>a journey to infinity and beyond</p>
</div>
<div class="go-to-top-parent"><a aria-label="Go to top" href="#" class="go-to-top"><span><i class="penciicon-up-chevron"></i> <br>Back To Top</span></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div><!-- End .wrapper-boxed -->
<div class="penci-go-to-top-floating"><i class="penciicon-up-chevron"></i></div>
<a href="#" id="close-sidebar-nav" class="header-3"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-close"></i></a>
<nav id="sidebar-nav" class="header-3" role="navigation" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
<div id="sidebar-nav-logo">
<a href="https://linegee.net/"><img class="penci-lazy penci-limg lazyloaded pcloaded" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/linegee-1.png" width="174" height="75" data-src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/linegee-1.png" data-lightlogo="https://linegee.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/linegee-1.png" alt="Linegee" data-ll-status="loaded"></a>
</div>
<div class="header-social sidebar-nav-social">
<div class="inner-header-social">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/PenciDesign" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/PenciDesign" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-x-twitter"></i></a>
</div> </div>
<ul id="menu-primary-menu-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-97"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/astronomy/">Astronomy</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-98"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/planet/">Planet</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-99"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/outer-space/">Outer Space</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-100"><a href="https://linegee.net/category/physics/">Physics</a></li>
</ul> </nav>
<!-- Netpub Banner - Notification 150x0 -->
<script type="text/javascript">{ let s = document.createElement("script"); s.setAttribute("async", true); s.setAttribute("src", "https://fstatic.netpub.media/static/fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1.min.js?"+Date.now()); document.querySelector("head").appendChild(s); }</script>
<ins class="adv-fbb4c923722f8e246a7c8fe98d4be2b1 netpub-init" data-sizes-desktop="120x600,160x600,300x600,336x280" data-sizes-mobile="120x600,160x600,300x600,336x280" data-notification="1"></ins>
<script id="penci-dm-checking" type="text/javascript">function penci_dmgetcookie(cname) {
let name = cname + "=";
let decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie);
let ca = decodedCookie.split(';');
for (let i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
let c = ca[i];
while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') {
c = c.substring(1);
}
if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) {
return c.substring(name.length, c.length);
}
}
return "";
}
if ( penci_dark.darkmode ) {
document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/";
}
let alllogos = document.querySelectorAll('.penci-limg'),
body = document.querySelector('body'),
autoby = penci_dark.auto_by,
darktheme = penci_dark.darktheme,
hr = (new Date()).getHours(),
cv = penci_dmgetcookie('penci_mode'),
cc,
lc = 'pclight-mode',
dc = 'pcdark-mode';
if (darktheme !== '') {
cc = 'pcdm-enable';
}
if (autoby === 'os' && !darktheme && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) {
body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode')
body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable');
document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/";
alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => {
var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo');
if (lgimg !== null) {
alllogo.src = lgimg;
alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg);
}
});
} else if (autoby === 'os' && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches) {
body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode')
body.classList.add(lc, cc);
document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/";
alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => {
var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo');
if (lgimg !== null) {
alllogo.src = lgimg;
alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg);
}
});
}
if ((autoby === 'time' && hr > 18) || cv === 'dark') {
body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode')
body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable');
document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/";
alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => {
var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo');
if (lgimg !== null) {
alllogo.src = lgimg;
alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg);
}
});
} else if (autoby === 'time' || cv === 'light') {
body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode')
body.classList.add(lc, cc);
document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/";
alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => {
var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo');
if (lgimg !== null) {
alllogo.src = lgimg;
alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg);
}
});
}
</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after">
/* <![CDATA[ */
wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.1" id="swv-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wpcf7 = {
"api": {
"root": "https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-json\/",
"namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1"
}
};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.1" id="contact-form-7-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/penci-shortcodes/assets/play.js?ver=5.5" id="penci-play-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/penci-lazy.js?ver=8.4.2" id="pc-lazy-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/libs-script.min.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci-libs-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="main-scripts-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var ajax_var_more = {"url":"https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"6bde814ddb","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default","reading_bar_pos":"footer","reading_bar_h":"5"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/main.js?ver=8.4.2" id="main-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="penci_ajax_like_post-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var ajax_var = {"url":"https:\/\/linegee.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"6bde814ddb","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default","reading_bar_pos":"footer","reading_bar_h":"5"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/post-like.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci_ajax_like_post-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/js-cookies.js?ver=8.4.2" id="js-cookies-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/smooth-scroll.min.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci-smoothscroll-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="penci-toc-lib-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var PenciTOC = {"smooth_scroll":"1","visibility_hide_by_default":"1","width":"320px","prefix":"penci","scroll_offset":"120"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/inc/toc/penci-toc.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci-toc-lib-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LfbOcQUAAAAAItC8MMIXVxJKCMXuyX4PcmXHnEc&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wpcf7_recaptcha = {
"sitekey": "6LfbOcQUAAAAAItC8MMIXVxJKCMXuyX4PcmXHnEc",
"actions": {
"homepage": "homepage",
"contactform": "contactform"
}
};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.0.1" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script>
<script defer="" type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1732085371" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://linegee.net/wp-content/themes/sore/js/widget-tabs.js?ver=8.4.2" id="penci_widget_tabs-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="soledad-pagespeed-header" data-cfasync="false">!function(n,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(n="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:n||self).LazyLoad=t()}(this,(function(){"use strict";function n(){return n=Object.assign||function(n){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var e=arguments[t];for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&(n[i]=e[i])}return n},n.apply(this,arguments)}var t="undefined"!=typeof window,e=t&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),i=t&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,o=t&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),a=t&&window.devicePixelRatio>1,r={elements_selector:".lazy",container:e||t?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"loading",class_loaded:"loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},c=function(t){return n({},r,t)},u=function(n,t){var e,i="LazyLoad::Initialized",o=new n(t);try{e=new CustomEvent(i,{detail:{instance:o}})}catch(n){(e=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(i,!1,!1,{instance:o})}window.dispatchEvent(e)},l="src",s="srcset",f="sizes",d="poster",_="llOriginalAttrs",g="loading",v="loaded",b="applied",p="error",h="native",m="data-",E="ll-status",I=function(n,t){return n.getAttribute(m+t)},y=function(n){return I(n,E)},A=function(n,t){return function(n,t,e){var i="data-ll-status";null!==e?n.setAttribute(i,e):n.removeAttribute(i)}(n,0,t)},k=function(n){return A(n,null)},L=function(n){return null===y(n)},w=function(n){return y(n)===h},x=[g,v,b,p],O=function(n,t,e,i){n&&(void 0===i?void 0===e?n(t):n(t,e):n(t,e,i))},N=function(n,t){o?n.classList.add(t):n.className+=(n.className?" ":"")+t},C=function(n,t){o?n.classList.remove(t):n.className=n.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+t+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")},M=function(n){return n.llTempImage},z=function(n,t){if(t){var e=t._observer;e&&e.unobserve(n)}},R=function(n,t){n&&(n.loadingCount+=t)},T=function(n,t){n&&(n.toLoadCount=t)},G=function(n){for(var t,e=[],i=0;t=n.children[i];i+=1)"SOURCE"===t.tagName&&e.push(t);return e},D=function(n,t){var e=n.parentNode;e&&"PICTURE"===e.tagName&&G(e).forEach(t)},V=function(n,t){G(n).forEach(t)},F=[l],j=[l,d],P=[l,s,f],S=function(n){return!!n[_]},U=function(n){return n[_]},$=function(n){return delete n[_]},q=function(n,t){if(!S(n)){var e={};t.forEach((function(t){e[t]=n.getAttribute(t)})),n[_]=e}},H=function(n,t){if(S(n)){var e=U(n);t.forEach((function(t){!function(n,t,e){e?n.setAttribute(t,e):n.removeAttribute(t)}(n,t,e[t])}))}},B=function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_loading),A(n,g),e&&(R(e,1),O(t.callback_loading,n,e))},J=function(n,t,e){e&&n.setAttribute(t,e)},K=function(n,t){J(n,f,I(n,t.data_sizes)),J(n,s,I(n,t.data_srcset)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},Q={IMG:function(n,t){D(n,(function(n){q(n,P),K(n,t)})),q(n,P),K(n,t)},IFRAME:function(n,t){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},VIDEO:function(n,t){V(n,(function(n){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))})),q(n,j),J(n,d,I(n,t.data_poster)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src)),n.load()}},W=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],X=function(n,t){!t||function(n){return n.loadingCount>0}(t)||function(n){return n.toLoadCount>0}(t)||O(n.callback_finish,t)},Y=function(n,t,e){n.addEventListener(t,e),n.llEvLisnrs[t]=e},Z=function(n,t,e){n.removeEventListener(t,e)},nn=function(n){return!!n.llEvLisnrs},tn=function(n){if(nn(n)){var t=n.llEvLisnrs;for(var e in t){var i=t[e];Z(n,e,i)}delete n.llEvLisnrs}},en=function(n,t,e){!function(n){delete n.llTempImage}(n),R(e,-1),function(n){n&&(n.toLoadCount-=1)}(e),C(n,t.class_loading),t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,e)},on=function(n,t,e){var i=M(n)||n;nn(i)||function(n,t,e){nn(n)||(n.llEvLisnrs={});var i="VIDEO"===n.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";Y(n,i,t),Y(n,"error",e)}(i,(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_loaded),A(t,v),O(e.callback_loaded,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}),(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_error),A(t,p),O(e.callback_error,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}))},an=function(n,t,e){!function(n){n.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG")}(n),on(n,t,e),function(n){S(n)||(n[_]={backgroundImage:n.style.backgroundImage})}(n),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg),o=I(n,t.data_bg_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),M(n).setAttribute(l,r),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg_multi),o=I(n,t.data_bg_multi_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage=r,function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_applied),A(n,b),e&&(t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,t),O(t.callback_applied,n,e))}(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)},rn=function(n,t,e){!function(n){return W.indexOf(n.tagName)>-1}(n)?an(n,t,e):function(n,t,e){on(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=Q[n.tagName];i&&(i(n,t),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)}(n,t,e)},cn=function(n){n.removeAttribute(l),n.removeAttribute(s),n.removeAttribute(f)},un=function(n){D(n,(function(n){H(n,P)})),H(n,P)},ln={IMG:un,IFRAME:function(n){H(n,F)},VIDEO:function(n){V(n,(function(n){H(n,F)})),H(n,j),n.load()}},sn=function(n,t){(function(n){var t=ln[n.tagName];t?t(n):function(n){if(S(n)){var t=U(n);n.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage}}(n)})(n),function(n,t){L(n)||w(n)||(C(n,t.class_entered),C(n,t.class_exited),C(n,t.class_applied),C(n,t.class_loading),C(n,t.class_loaded),C(n,t.class_error))}(n,t),k(n),$(n)},fn=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],dn=function(n){return n.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype},_n=function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){return function(n){return n.isIntersecting||n.intersectionRatio>0}(n)?function(n,t,e,i){var o=function(n){return x.indexOf(y(n))>=0}(n);A(n,"entered"),N(n,e.class_entered),C(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e){t.unobserve_entered&&z(n,e)}(n,e,i),O(e.callback_enter,n,t,i),o||rn(n,e,i)}(n.target,n,t,e):function(n,t,e,i){L(n)||(N(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e,i){e.cancel_on_exit&&function(n){return y(n)===g}(n)&&"IMG"===n.tagName&&(tn(n),function(n){D(n,(function(n){cn(n)})),cn(n)}(n),un(n),C(n,e.class_loading),R(i,-1),k(n),O(e.callback_cancel,n,t,i))}(n,t,e,i),O(e.callback_exit,n,t,i))}(n.target,n,t,e)}))},gn=function(n){return Array.prototype.slice.call(n)},vn=function(n){return n.container.querySelectorAll(n.elements_selector)},bn=function(n){return function(n){return y(n)===p}(n)},pn=function(n,t){return function(n){return gn(n).filter(L)}(n||vn(t))},hn=function(n,e){var o=c(n);this._settings=o,this.loadingCount=0,function(n,t){i&&!dn(n)&&(t._observer=new IntersectionObserver((function(e){_n(e,n,t)}),function(n){return{root:n.container===document?null:n.container,rootMargin:n.thresholds||n.threshold+"px"}}(n)))}(o,this),function(n,e){t&&window.addEventListener("online",(function(){!function(n,t){var e;(e=vn(n),gn(e).filter(bn)).forEach((function(t){C(t,n.class_error),k(t)})),t.update()}(n,e)}))}(o,this),this.update(e)};return hn.prototype={update:function(n){var t,o,a=this._settings,r=pn(n,a);T(this,r.length),!e&&i?dn(a)?function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){-1!==fn.indexOf(n.tagName)&&function(n,t,e){n.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),on(n,t,e),function(n,t){var e=Q[n.tagName];e&&e(n,t)}(n,t),A(n,h)}(n,t,e)})),T(e,0)}(r,a,this):(o=r,function(n){n.disconnect()}(t=this._observer),function(n,t){t.forEach((function(t){n.observe(t)}))}(t,o)):this.loadAll(r)},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),vn(this._settings).forEach((function(n){$(n)})),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(n){var t=this,e=this._settings;pn(n,e).forEach((function(n){z(n,t),rn(n,e,t)}))},restoreAll:function(){var n=this._settings;vn(n).forEach((function(t){sn(t,n)}))}},hn.load=function(n,t){var e=c(t);rn(n,e)},hn.resetStatus=function(n){k(n)},t&&function(n,t){if(t)if(t.length)for(var e,i=0;e=t[i];i+=1)u(n,e);else u(n,t)}(hn,window.lazyLoadOptions),hn}));
(function () {
var PenciLazy = new LazyLoad({
elements_selector: '.penci-lazy',
data_bg: 'bgset',
class_loading: 'lazyloading',
class_entered: 'lazyloaded',
class_loaded: 'pcloaded',
unobserve_entered: true
});
MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver;
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations, observer) {
PenciLazy.update();
});
observer.observe(document, {
subtree: true,
attributes: true
});
})();
</script>
<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8f6113817e1b215f',t:'MTczNDg4MDYyMC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script><iframe height="1" width="1" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; border: none; visibility: hidden;"></iframe>
<div><div class="grecaptcha-badge" data-style="bottomright" style="width: 256px; height: 60px; display: block; transition: right 0.3s ease 0s; position: fixed; bottom: 14px; right: -186px; box-shadow: gray 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="grecaptcha-logo"><iframe title="reCAPTCHA" width="256" height="60" role="presentation" name="a-5w2kguf5o6km" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-modals allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-storage-access-by-user-activation" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?ar=1&k=6LfbOcQUAAAAAItC8MMIXVxJKCMXuyX4PcmXHnEc&co=aHR0cHM6Ly9saW5lZ2VlLm5ldDo0NDM.&hl=en&v=zIriijn3uj5Vpknvt_LnfNbF&size=invisible&cb=p2ekepvygnex"></iframe></div><div class="grecaptcha-error"></div><textarea id="g-recaptcha-response-100000" name="g-recaptcha-response" class="g-recaptcha-response" style="width: 250px; height: 40px; border: 1px solid rgb(193, 193, 193); margin: 10px 25px; padding: 0px; resize: none; display: none;"></textarea></div><iframe style="display: none;"></iframe></div><div id="div_netpub_fullcover_0ayhj7u7goxmv7" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; display: none; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); z-index: 2147483646 !important;"></div><div id="div_netpub_ins_9bnm2nrtnfvzht9s9u44u2" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; align-items: center; position: fixed; display: flex; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483646 !important;"><div id="div_netpub_banner_dzji14rn7jpy3emu8efo" style="pointer-events: all; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="div_netpub_slot_qeuo5wbplpmgz0hudjxgha3" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; z-index: 1;"><div id="div_netpub_campaign_qmsapo58rx6ipf8xgd" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; display: none;"></div></div></div></div><div id="div_netpub_ins_nsebpfd07rtzfvgtmpvw" style="top: 15px; left: 130px; height: calc(60% - 30px); align-items: center; position: fixed; display: flex; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2147483646 !important;"><div id="div_netpub_banner_cgcho5k9mf6ty8eer4eer" style="pointer-events: all; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 5px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 3px 10px; border-radius: 5px;"><div id="div_netpub_slot_k2cg48mlfthdy2162nw3d9" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; z-index: 1;"><div id="div_netpub_campaign_yg1gkueo1shoi0mk" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; display: none;"></div></div></div></div><iframe name="__tcfapiLocator" style="display: none;"></iframe><iframe name="__gppLocator" style="display: none;"></iframe><style>[style*='z-index:214748364'], [style*='z-index: 214748364'] { display: none !important; } body [style*='z-index:214748364'], body [style*='z-index: 214748364'] { display: revert !important; }</style><style>[style*='z-index:214748364'], [style*='z-index: 214748364'] { display: none !important; } body [style*='z-index:214748364'], body [style*='z-index: 214748364'] { display: revert !important; }</style><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 2px 2px 3px; position: absolute; transition: visibility 0s linear 0.3s, opacity 0.3s linear 0s; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; z-index: 2000000000; left: 0px; top: -10000px;"><div style="width: 100%; height: 100%; position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2000000000; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); opacity: 0.05;"></div><div class="g-recaptcha-bubble-arrow" style="border: 11px solid transparent; width: 0px; height: 0px; position: absolute; pointer-events: none; margin-top: -11px; z-index: 2000000000;"></div><div class="g-recaptcha-bubble-arrow" style="border: 10px solid transparent; width: 0px; height: 0px; position: absolute; pointer-events: none; margin-top: -10px; z-index: 2000000000;"></div><div style="z-index: 2000000000; position: relative;"><iframe title="recaptcha challenge expires in two minutes" name="c-uaegburcdwl9" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-modals allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-storage-access-by-user-activation" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/bframe?hl=en&v=zIriijn3uj5Vpknvt_LnfNbF&k=6Ld_OcQUAAAAAHawZrvQvtHLRTmFCSrHnO5F5kkY" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;"></iframe></div></div><div class="qc-cmp2-container" id="qc-cmp2-container" data-nosnippet=""><div class="qc-cmp2-main" id="qc-cmp2-main" data-nosnippet=""><div height="600" class="qc-cmp-cleanslate css-1m0wtjn"><div id="qc-cmp2-ui" role="dialog" aria-label="Privacy" aria-modal="true" tabindex="0" class="css-wy0wav"><div class="qc-cmp2-summary-section"><div class="qc-cmp2-consent-info"><div class="qc-cmp2-publisher-logo-container"><figure class="privacy-logo-text" style="justify-content: center;"><div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 0px;"><span role="heading" aria-level="2" class="span-heading">We value your privacy</span></div></figure><div class="qc-cmp2-close"><button class="qc-cmp2-close-icon" aria-label="DISAGREE"></button><span class="qc-cmp2-close-tooltip">DISAGREE</span></div><div class="qc-cmp2-summary-info "><div class="">We and our <button mode="link" class="qc-cmp2-link-inline css-17izase" size="large">partners</button> store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.With your permission we and our partners may use precise geolocation data and identification through device scanning. You may click to consent to our and our 1465 partners’ processing as described above. Alternatively you may click to refuse to consent or access more detailed information and change your preferences before consenting. Please note that some processing of your personal data may not require your consent, but you have a right to object to such processing.Your preferences will apply to this website only and will be stored in Browser Cookies for 13 months. You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by returning to this site and clicking the "Privacy" button at the bottom of the webpage.<div>Please note that this website/app uses one or more Google services and may gather and store information including but not limited to your visit or usage behaviour. You may click to grant or deny consent to Google and its third-party tags to use your data for below specified purposes in below Google consent section.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="qc-cmp2-footer qc-cmp2-footer-overlay "><div class="qc-cmp2-summary-buttons"><button mode="secondary" size="large" class=" css-p968ta"><span>MORE OPTIONS</span></button><button mode="secondary" size="large" class=" css-p968ta"><span>DISAGREE</span></button><button mode="primary" size="large" class=" css-1n36tvh"><span>AGREE</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>