https://www.wikipedia.org/

URL inviato:
https://producer-paul.com/Reindirizzato
Report terminato:
LinkTesto
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/List_of_WikipediasOther languages
https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_medium=portal&wmf_campaign=portalBanner&wmf_source=portalBanner_en6C_2024_blueBanner2&uselang=en Donate now
https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_medium=portal&wmf_campaign=portalFooter&wmf_source=portalFooterYou can support our work with a donation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_mobile_applications Download Wikipedia for Android or iOS
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia&referrer=utm_source%3Dportal%26utm_medium%3Dbutton%26anid%3DadmobGoogle Play Store
https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id324715238?pt=208305&ct=portal&mt=8Apple App Store
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_UseTerms of Use
https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policyPrivacy Policy

Variabili JavaScript · 18 trovate

NomeTipo
onbeforetoggleobject
documentPictureInPictureobject
onscrollendobject
rtlLangsobject
translationsHashstring
translationsPortalKeystring
portalSearchDomainstring
wmL10nVisibleobject
doWhenReadyfunction
getIso639function

Messaggi di log della console · 1 trovati

TipoCategoriaLog
errornetwork
URL
https://producer-paul.com/favicon.ico
Testo
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_HTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" class="js-enabled"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Wikipedia</title>
<meta name="description" content="Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.">
<script>
document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)no-js(\s|$)/, "$1js-enabled$2" );
</script>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,user-scalable=yes">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">
<style>
.sprite{background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/sprite-de847d1a.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.svg-Commons-logo_sister{background-position:0 0;width:47px;height:47px}.svg-MediaWiki-logo_sister{background-position:0 -47px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Meta-Wiki-logo_sister{background-position:0 -89px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikibooks-logo_sister{background-position:0 -126px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikidata-logo_sister{background-position:0 -163px;width:49px;height:49px}.svg-Wikifunctions-logo_sister{background-position:0 -212px;width:50px;height:50px}.svg-Wikimedia-logo_black{background-position:0 -262px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{background-position:0 -304px;width:176px;height:32px}.svg-Wikiquote-logo_sister{background-position:0 -336px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikisource-logo_sister{background-position:0 -378px;width:39px;height:39px}.svg-Wikispecies-logo_sister{background-position:0 -417px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikiversity-logo_sister{background-position:0 -459px;width:43px;height:37px}.svg-Wikivoyage-logo_sister{background-position:0 -496px;width:36px;height:36px}.svg-Wiktionary-logo_sister{background-position:0 -532px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-arrow-down{background-position:0 -569px;width:12px;height:8px}.svg-arrow-down-blue{background-position:0 -577px;width:14px;height:14px}.svg-badge_google_play_store{background-position:0 -591px;width:124px;height:38px}.svg-badge_ios_app_store{background-position:0 -629px;width:110px;height:38px}.svg-language-icon{background-position:0 -667px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-noimage{background-position:0 -689px;width:58px;height:58px}.svg-search-icon{background-position:0 -747px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-wikipedia_app_tile{background-position:0 -769px;width:42px;height:42px}
</style>
<style>
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4rem}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],html 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1.2rem}legend{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:700}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}td,th{padding:0}.hidden,[hidden]{display:none!important}.screen-reader-text{display:block;position:absolute!important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;border:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden}body{background-color:#fff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.5;margin:.4rem 0 1.6rem}main{padding:0 1.28rem}a{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation}a,a:active,a:focus{unicode-bidi:embed;outline:0;color:#36c;text-decoration:none}a:focus{outline:1px solid #36c}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}img{vertical-align:middle}hr,img{border:0}hr{clear:both;height:0;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;margin:.26rem 0}.pure-button{display:inline-block;zoom:1;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-drag:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#202122;position:relative;min-height:19.2px;min-height:1.92rem;min-width:16px;min-width:1.6rem;margin:.16rem 0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem 1.6rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:top;-webkit-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;-o-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;-moz-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow 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#36c}.pure-button-primary-progressive{background-color:#36c;border-color:#36c;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:hover{background:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.pure-button-primary-progressive:active{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;border-color:#36c}.pure-form input[type=search]{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;vertical-align:middle}.pure-form input:focus:invalid{color:#d73333;border-color:#b32424}.pure-form fieldset{margin:0;padding:.56rem 0 1.2rem;border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.pure-form input[type=search]{display:block}}.central-textlogo-wrapper{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom}.central-textlogo{position:relative;margin:4rem auto .5rem;width:270px;font-family:Linux Libertine,Hoefler Text,Georgia,Times New Roman,Times,serif;font-size:30px;font-size:3rem;font-weight:400;line-height:33px;line-height:3.3rem;text-align:center;-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05=1";-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-webkit-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-ms-font-feature-settings:"ss05";font-feature-settings:"ss05"}.localized-slogan{display:block;font-family:Linux Libertine,Georgia,Times,"Source Serif Pro",serif;font-size:15px;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400}.central-textlogo__image{color:transparent;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-indent:-10000px}.central-featured-logo{position:absolute;top:158px;left:35px}@media (max-width:480px){.central-textlogo{position:relative;height:70px;width:auto;margin:2rem 0 0;text-align:center;line-height:25px;line-height:2.5rem;text-indent:-10px;text-indent:-1rem;font-size:1em}.central-textlogo-wrapper{position:relative;top:12px;text-indent:2px;text-indent:.2rem}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{width:150px;height:25px;background-position:0 -260px;-webkit-background-size:100% 100%;-moz-background-size:100%;background-size:100%}.localized-slogan{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}.central-featured-logo{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:57px;height:auto;left:0;top:0}}@media (max-width:240px){.central-textlogo__image{height:auto}}.central-featured{position:relative;height:325px;height:32.5rem;width:546px;width:54.6rem;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.central-featured-lang{position:absolute;width:156px;width:15.6rem}.central-featured-lang .link-box{display:block;padding:0;text-decoration:none;white-space:normal}.central-featured-lang .link-box:hover strong{text-decoration:underline}.central-featured-lang :hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.central-featured-lang strong{display:block;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem}.central-featured-lang small{color:#54595d;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.6}.central-featured-lang em{font-style:italic}.central-featured-lang .emNonItalicLang{font-style:normal}.lang1{top:0;right:60%}.lang2{top:0;left:60%}.lang3{top:20%;right:70%}.lang4{top:20%;left:70%}.lang5{top:40%;right:72%}.lang6{top:40%;left:72%}.lang7{top:60%;right:70%}.lang8{top:60%;left:70%}.lang9{top:80%;right:60%}.lang10{top:80%;left:60%}@media (max-width:480px){.central-featured{width:auto;height:auto;margin-top:8rem;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;text-align:left}.central-featured:after{content:" ";display:block;visibility:hidden;clear:both;height:0;font-size:0}.central-featured-lang{display:block;float:left;position:relative;top:auto;left:auto;right:auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;height:64px;height:6.4rem;width:33%;margin:0 0 16px;padding:0 1.6rem;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;text-align:center}.central-featured-lang strong{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:4px}.central-featured-lang small{line-height:1.4}}@media (max-width:375px){.central-featured-lang{font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}}@media (max-width:240px){.central-featured-lang{width:100%}}.search-container{float:none;max-width:95%;width:540px;margin:.4rem auto 1.95rem;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.search-container fieldset{word-spacing:-4px}.search-container button{min-height:44px;min-height:4.4rem;margin:0;-moz-border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;padding:.8rem 1.6rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;z-index:2}.search-container button .svg-search-icon{text-indent:-9999px}.search-container input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-button,.search-container input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}.search-container input::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{display:none}.search-container .sprite.svg-arrow-down{position:absolute;top:8px;top:.8rem;right:6px;right:.6rem}#searchInput{-webkit-appearance:none;width:100%;height:44px;height:4.4rem;border-width:1px 0 1px 1px;-moz-border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;padding:.8rem 9.6rem .8rem 1.2rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1.6;-webkit-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;-o-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;-moz-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-moz-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease,-moz-box-shadow .1s ease}#searchInput:hover{border-color:#72777d}#searchInput:focus{border-color:#36c;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;outline:1px solid transparent}.search-container .search-input{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:73%;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.search-container .pure-form fieldset{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:6.6rem}.search-container .search-input{width:100%;margin-right:-6.6rem}.search-container .pure-form button{float:right;right:-56px;right:-5.6rem}}.suggestions-dropdown{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:2;margin:0;padding:0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 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<option value="ta" lang="ta">தமிழ்</option><!-- Tamiḻ -->
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<option value="th" lang="th">ภาษาไทย</option><!-- Phasa Thai -->
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<option value="uk" lang="uk">Українська</option><!-- Ukrayins’ka -->
<option value="ur" lang="ur">اردو</option><!-- Urdu -->
<option value="vi" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</option>
<option value="war" lang="war">Winaray</option>
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<li><a href="//my.wikipedia.org/" lang="my" title="Myanmarsar">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li>
<li lang="no">Norsk<ul><li><a href="//no.wikipedia.org/" lang="nb">bokmål</a></li><li><a href="//nn.wikipedia.org/" lang="nn">nynorsk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="//ce.wikipedia.org/" lang="ce" title="Noxçiyn">Нохчийн</a></li>
<li><a href="//uz.wikipedia.org/" lang="uz" title="Oʻzbekcha">Oʻzbekcha / Ўзбекча</a></li>
<li><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/" lang="kk"><span lang="kk-Cyrl">Қазақша</span> / <span lang="kk-Latn">Qazaqşa</span> / <bdi lang="kk-Arab" dir="rtl">قازاقشا</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/" lang="ro" title="Română">Română</a></li>
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<li><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/" lang="en">Simple English</a></li>
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<li><a href="//sr.wikipedia.org/" lang="sr">Српски / Srpski</a></li>
<li><a href="//sh.wikipedia.org/" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски</a></li>
<li><a href="//fi.wikipedia.org/" lang="fi" title="suomi">Suomi</a></li>
<li><a href="//ta.wikipedia.org/" lang="ta" title="Tamiḻ">தமிழ்</a></li>
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<li><a href="//ace.wikipedia.org/" lang="ace">Bahsa Acèh</a></li>
<li><a href="//als.wikipedia.org/" lang="gsw">Alemannisch</a></li>
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<li><a href="//gor.wikipedia.org/" lang="gor">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li>
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<li><a href="//be-tarask.wikipedia.org/" lang="be-tarask" title="Bielaruskaja (taraškievica)">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li>
<li><a href="//bcl.wikipedia.org/" lang="bcl">Bikol Central</a></li>
<li><a href="//bpy.wikipedia.org/" lang="bpy" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li>
<li><a href="//bar.wikipedia.org/" lang="bar">Boarisch</a></li>
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<li><a href="//nv.wikipedia.org/" lang="nv">Diné Bizaad</a></li>
<li><a href="//eml.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa-x-eml">Emigliàn–Rumagnòl</a></li>
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<li><a href="//ga.wikipedia.org/" lang="ga">Gaeilge</a></li>
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<li><a href="//glk.wikipedia.org/" lang="glk" title="Giləki"><bdi dir="rtl">گیلکی</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gu.wikipedia.org/" lang="gu" title="Gujarati">ગુજરાતી</a></li>
<li><a href="//hak.wikipedia.org/" lang="hak">Hak-kâ-ngî / 客家語</a></li>
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<li><a href="//hsb.wikipedia.org/" lang="hsb">Hornjoserbsce</a></li>
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<li><a href="//os.wikipedia.org/" lang="os" title="Iron">Ирон</a></li>
<li><a href="//is.wikipedia.org/" lang="is">Íslenska</a></li>
<li><a href="//jv.wikipedia.org/" lang="jv" title="Jawa">Jawa</a></li>
<li><a href="//kn.wikipedia.org/" lang="kn" title="Kannada">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li>
<li><a href="//km.wikipedia.org/" lang="km" title="Phéasa Khmér">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li>
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<li><a href="//ht.wikipedia.org/" lang="ht">Kreyòl Ayisyen</a></li>
<li><a href="//ku.wikipedia.org/" lang="ku"><span lang="ku-Latn">Kurdî</span> / <bdi lang="ku-Arab" dir="rtl">كوردی</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//ckb.wikipedia.org/" lang="ckb" title="Kurdîy Nawendî"><bdi dir="rtl">کوردیی ناوەندی</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//ky.wikipedia.org/" lang="ky" title="Kyrgyzča">Кыргызча</a></li>
<li><a href="//mrj.wikipedia.org/" lang="mjr" title="Kyryk Mary">Кырык мары</a></li>
<li><a href="//lb.wikipedia.org/" lang="lb">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li>
<li><a href="//lij.wikipedia.org/" lang="lij">Lìgure</a></li>
<li><a href="//li.wikipedia.org/" lang="li">Limburgs</a></li>
<li><a href="//lmo.wikipedia.org/" lang="lmo">Lombard</a></li>
<li><a href="//mai.wikipedia.org/" lang="mai" title="Maithilī">मैथिली</a></li>
<li><a href="//mg.wikipedia.org/" lang="mg">Malagasy</a></li>
<li><a href="//ml.wikipedia.org/" lang="ml" title="Malayalam">മലയാളം</a></li>
<li><a href="//mr.wikipedia.org/" lang="mr" title="Marathi">मराठी</a></li>
<li><a href="//xmf.wikipedia.org/" lang="xmf" title="Margaluri">მარგალური</a></li>
<li><a href="//mzn.wikipedia.org/" lang="mzn" title="Mäzeruni"><bdi dir="rtl">مازِرونی</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//cdo.wikipedia.org/" lang="cdo" title="Ming-deng-ngu">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / 閩東語</a></li>
<li><a href="//mn.wikipedia.org/" lang="mn" title="Mongol">Монгол</a></li>
<li><a href="//nap.wikipedia.org/" lang="nap">Napulitano</a></li>
<li><a href="//new.wikipedia.org/" lang="new" title="Nepal Bhasa">नेपाल भाषा</a></li>
<li><a href="//ne.wikipedia.org/" lang="ne" title="Nepālī">नेपाली</a></li>
<li><a href="//frr.wikipedia.org/" lang="frr">Nordfriisk</a></li>
<li><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/" lang="oc">Occitan</a></li>
<li><a href="//mhr.wikipedia.org/" lang="mhr" title="Olyk Marij">Олык марий</a></li>
<li><a href="//or.wikipedia.org/" lang="or" title="Oṛiā">ଓଡି଼ଆ</a></li>
<li><a href="//as.wikipedia.org/" lang="as" title="Ôxômiya">অসমীযা়</a></li>
<li><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/" lang="pa" title="Pañjābī (Gurmukhī)">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li>
<li><a href="//pnb.wikipedia.org/" lang="pnb" title="Pañjābī (Shāhmukhī)"><bdi dir="rtl">پنجابی (شاہ مکھی)</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//ps.wikipedia.org/" lang="ps" title="Paʂto"><bdi dir="rtl">پښتو</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//pms.wikipedia.org/" lang="pms">Piemontèis</a></li>
<li><a href="//nds.wikipedia.org/" lang="nds">Plattdüütsch</a></li>
<li><a href="//crh.wikipedia.org/" lang="crh">Qırımtatarca</a></li>
<li><a href="//qu.wikipedia.org/" lang="qu">Runa Simi</a></li>
<li><a href="//sa.wikipedia.org/" lang="sa" title="Saṃskṛtam">संस्कृतम्</a></li>
<li><a href="//sat.wikipedia.org/" lang="sat" title="Santali">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li>
<li><a href="//sah.wikipedia.org/" lang="sah" title="Saxa Tyla">Саха Тыла</a></li>
<li><a href="//sco.wikipedia.org/" lang="sco">Scots</a></li>
<li><a href="//sn.wikipedia.org/" lang="sn">ChiShona</a></li>
<li><a href="//scn.wikipedia.org/" lang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li>
<li><a href="//si.wikipedia.org/" lang="si" title="Siṃhala">සිංහල</a></li>
<li><a href="//sd.wikipedia.org/" lang="sd" title="Sindhī"><bdi dir="rtl">سنڌي</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//szl.wikipedia.org/" lang="szl">Ślůnski</a></li>
<li><a href="//su.wikipedia.org/" lang="su">Basa Sunda</a></li>
<li><a href="//sw.wikipedia.org/" lang="sw">Kiswahili</a></li>
<li><a href="//tl.wikipedia.org/" lang="tl">Tagalog</a></li>
<li><a href="//shn.wikipedia.org/" lang="shn">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး</a></li>
<li><a href="//tum.wikipedia.org/" lang="tum">chiTumbuka</a></li>
<li><a href="//bug.wikipedia.org/" lang="bug">Basa Ugi</a></li>
<li><a href="//vec.wikipedia.org/" lang="vec">Vèneto</a></li>
<li><a href="//vo.wikipedia.org/" lang="vo">Volapük</a></li>
<li><a href="//wa.wikipedia.org/" lang="wa">Walon</a></li>
<li><a href="//zh-classical.wikipedia.org/" lang="lzh" title="Wényán">文言</a></li>
<li><a href="//wuu.wikipedia.org/" lang="wuu" title="Wúyǔ">吴语</a></li>
<li><a href="//yi.wikipedia.org/" lang="yi" title="Yidiš"><bdi dir="rtl">ייִדיש</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//yo.wikipedia.org/" lang="yo">Yorùbá</a></li>
<li><a href="//diq.wikipedia.org/" lang="diq" title="Zazaki">Zazaki</a></li>
<li><a href="//bat-smg.wikipedia.org/" lang="sgs">žemaitėška</a></li>
<li><a href="//zu.wikipedia.org/" lang="zu">isiZulu</a></li>
<li><a href="//mni.wikipedia.org/" lang="mni">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li>
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<li><a href="//lad.wikipedia.org/" lang="lad"><span lang="lad-Latn">Dzhudezmo</span> / <bdi lang="lad-Hebr" dir="rtl">לאדינו</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//kbd.wikipedia.org/" lang="kbd" title="Adighabze">Адыгэбзэ</a></li>
<li><a href="//ang.wikipedia.org/" lang="ang">Ænglisc</a></li>
<li><a href="//smn.wikipedia.org/" lang="smn" title="anarâškielâ">Anarâškielâ</a></li>
<li><a href="//anp.wikipedia.org/" lang="anp" title="Angika">अंगिका</a></li>
<li><a href="//ab.wikipedia.org/" lang="ab" title="aṗsshwa">Аԥсшәа</a></li>
<li><a href="//roa-rup.wikipedia.org/" lang="rup">armãneashti</a></li>
<li><a href="//frp.wikipedia.org/" lang="frp">Arpitan</a></li>
<li><a href="//atj.wikipedia.org/" lang="atj">atikamekw</a></li>
<li><a href="//arc.wikipedia.org/" lang="arc" title="Ātûrāyâ"><bdi dir="rtl">ܐܬܘܪܝܐ</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gn.wikipedia.org/" lang="gn">Avañe’ẽ</a></li>
<li><a href="//av.wikipedia.org/" lang="av" title="Avar">Авар</a></li>
<li><a href="//ay.wikipedia.org/" lang="ay">Aymar</a></li>
<li><a href="//bew.wikipedia.org/" lang="bew">Betawi</a></li>
<li><a href="//bh.wikipedia.org/" lang="bh" title="Bhōjapurī">भोजपुरी</a></li>
<li><a href="//bi.wikipedia.org/" lang="bi">Bislama</a></li>
<li><a href="//bo.wikipedia.org/" lang="bo" title="Bod Skad">བོད་ཡིག</a></li>
<li><a href="//bxr.wikipedia.org/" lang="bxr" title="Buryad">Буряад</a></li>
<li><a href="//cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/" lang="cbk-x-zam">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li>
<li><a href="//ny.wikipedia.org/" lang="ny">Chichewa</a></li>
<li><a href="//co.wikipedia.org/" lang="co">Corsu</a></li>
<li><a href="//za.wikipedia.org/" lang="za">Vahcuengh / 話僮</a></li>
<li><a href="//dga.wikipedia.org/" lang="dga">Dagaare</a></li>
<li><a href="//se.wikipedia.org/" lang="se" title="davvisámegiella">Davvisámegiella</a></li>
<li><a href="//pdc.wikipedia.org/" lang="pdc">Deitsch</a></li>
<li><a href="//dv.wikipedia.org/" lang="dv" title="Divehi"><bdi dir="rtl">ދިވެހިބަސް</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//dsb.wikipedia.org/" lang="dsb">Dolnoserbski</a></li>
<li><a href="//dtp.wikipedia.org/" lang="dtp">Dusun Bundu-liwan</a></li>
<li><a href="//myv.wikipedia.org/" lang="myv" title="Erzjanj">Эрзянь</a></li>
<li><a href="//ext.wikipedia.org/" lang="ext">Estremeñu</a></li>
<li><a href="//fon.wikipedia.org/" lang="fon">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li>
<li><a href="//ff.wikipedia.org/" lang="ff">Fulfulde</a></li>
<li><a href="//fur.wikipedia.org/" lang="fur">Furlan</a></li>
<li><a href="//gv.wikipedia.org/" lang="gv">Gaelg</a></li>
<li><a href="//gag.wikipedia.org/" lang="gag">Gagauz</a></li>
<li><a href="//inh.wikipedia.org/" lang="inh" title="Ghalghai">ГӀалгӀай</a></li>
<li><a href="//gpe.wikipedia.org/" lang="gpe">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li>
<li><a href="//ki.wikipedia.org/" lang="ki">Gĩkũyũ</a></li>
<li><a href="//gan.wikipedia.org/" lang="gan" title="Gon ua" data-hans="赣语" data-hant="贛語" class="jscnconv">赣语 / 贛語</a></li>
<li><a href="//guw.wikipedia.org/" lang="guw">Gungbe</a></li>
<li><a href="//xal.wikipedia.org/" lang="xal" title="Halʹmg">Хальмг</a></li>
<li><a href="//haw.wikipedia.org/" lang="haw">ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi</a></li>
<li><a href="//rw.wikipedia.org/" lang="rw">Ikinyarwanda</a></li>
<li><a href="//kbp.wikipedia.org/" lang="kbp">Kabɩyɛ</a></li>
<li><a href="//pam.wikipedia.org/" lang="pam">Kapampangan</a></li>
<li><a href="//csb.wikipedia.org/" lang="csb">Kaszëbsczi</a></li>
<li><a href="//kw.wikipedia.org/" lang="kw">Kernewek</a></li>
<li><a href="//kv.wikipedia.org/" lang="kv" title="Komi">Коми</a></li>
<li><a href="//koi.wikipedia.org/" lang="koi" title="Perem Komi">Перем коми</a></li>
<li><a href="//kg.wikipedia.org/" lang="kg">Kongo</a></li>
<li><a href="//gom.wikipedia.org/" lang="gom">कोंकणी / Konknni</a></li>
<li><a href="//ks.wikipedia.org/" lang="ks" title="Koshur"><bdi dir="rtl">كٲشُر</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gcr.wikipedia.org/" lang="gcr" title="Kriyòl Gwiyannen">Kriyòl Gwiyannen</a></li>
<li><a href="//kge.wikipedia.org/" lang="kge">Kumoring</a></li>
<li><a href="//lo.wikipedia.org/" lang="lo" title="Phaasaa Laao">ພາສາລາວ</a></li>
<li><a href="//lbe.wikipedia.org/" lang="lbe" title="Lakku">Лакку</a></li>
<li><a href="//ltg.wikipedia.org/" lang="ltg">Latgaļu</a></li>
<li><a href="//lez.wikipedia.org/" lang="lez" title="Lezgi">Лезги</a></li>
<li><a href="//nia.wikipedia.org/" lang="nia">Li Niha</a></li>
<li><a href="//ln.wikipedia.org/" lang="ln">Lingála</a></li>
<li><a href="//lfn.wikipedia.org/" lang="lfn">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li>
<li><a href="//olo.wikipedia.org/" lang="olo">livvinkarjala</a></li>
<li><a href="//jbo.wikipedia.org/" lang="jbo">lojban</a></li>
<li><a href="//lg.wikipedia.org/" lang="lg">Luganda</a></li>
<li><a href="//mad.wikipedia.org/" lang="mad">Madhurâ</a></li>
<li><a href="//mt.wikipedia.org/" lang="mt">Malti</a></li>
<li><a href="//btm.wikipedia.org/" lang="btm">Mandailing</a></li>
<li><a href="//mi.wikipedia.org/" lang="mi">Māori</a></li>
<li><a href="//tw.wikipedia.org/" lang="tw" title="Mfantse">Twi</a></li>
<li><a href="//mwl.wikipedia.org/" lang="mwl">Mirandés</a></li>
<li><a href="//mdf.wikipedia.org/" lang="mdf" title="Mokšenj">Мокшень</a></li>
<li><a href="//mnw.wikipedia.org/" lang="mnw">ဘာသာ မန်</a></li>
<li><a href="//nqo.wikipedia.org/" lang="nqo" title="N'Ko">ߒߞߏ</a></li>
<li><a href="//fj.wikipedia.org/" lang="fj">Na Vosa Vaka-Viti</a></li>
<li><a href="//nah.wikipedia.org/" lang="nah">Nāhuatlahtōlli</a></li>
<li><a href="//pcm.wikipedia.org/" lang="pcm">Naijá</a></li>
<li><a href="//nds-nl.wikipedia.org/" lang="nds-nl">Nedersaksisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//nrm.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa-x-nrm">Nouormand / Normaund</a></li>
<li><a href="//nov.wikipedia.org/" lang="nov">Novial</a></li>
<li><a href="//om.wikipedia.org/" lang="om">Afaan Oromoo</a></li>
<li><a href="//blk.wikipedia.org/" lang="blk">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li>
<li><a href="//pi.wikipedia.org/" lang="pi" title="Pāḷi">पालि</a></li>
<li><a href="//pag.wikipedia.org/" lang="pag">Pangasinán</a></li>
<li><a href="//ami.wikipedia.org/" lang="ami">Pangcah</a></li>
<li><a href="//pap.wikipedia.org/" lang="pap">Papiamentu</a></li>
<li><a href="//jam.wikipedia.org/" lang="jam">Patois</a></li>
<li><a href="//pfl.wikipedia.org/" lang="pfl">Pfälzisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//pcd.wikipedia.org/" lang="pcd">Picard</a></li>
<li><a href="//krc.wikipedia.org/" lang="krc" title="Qaraçay–Malqar">Къарачай–малкъар</a></li>
<li><a href="//kaa.wikipedia.org/" lang="kaa" title="Qaraqalpaqsha">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li>
<li><a href="//ksh.wikipedia.org/" lang="ksh">Ripoarisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//rm.wikipedia.org/" lang="rm">Rumantsch</a></li>
<li><a href="//rue.wikipedia.org/" lang="rue" title="Rusin’skyj">Русиньскый</a></li>
<li><a href="//szy.wikipedia.org/" lang="szy">Sakizaya</a></li>
<li><a href="//sm.wikipedia.org/" lang="sm">Gagana Sāmoa</a></li>
<li><a href="//skr.wikipedia.org/" lang="skr" title="Saraiki">سرائیکی</a></li>
<li><a href="//sc.wikipedia.org/" lang="sc" title="Sardu">Sardu</a></li>
<li><a href="//trv.wikipedia.org/" lang="trv">Seediq</a></li>
<li><a href="//stq.wikipedia.org/" lang="stq">Seeltersk</a></li>
<li><a href="//st.wikipedia.org/" lang="st">Sesotho</a></li>
<li><a href="//nso.wikipedia.org/" lang="nso">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li>
<li><a href="//tn.wikipedia.org/" lang="tn">Setswana</a></li>
<li><a href="//cu.wikipedia.org/" lang="cu" title="Slověnĭskŭ">Словѣ́ньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li>
<li><a href="//so.wikipedia.org/" lang="so">Soomaaliga</a></li>
<li><a href="//srn.wikipedia.org/" lang="srn">Sranantongo</a></li>
<li><a href="//shi.wikipedia.org/" lang="shi">Taclḥit</a></li>
<li><a href="//ty.wikipedia.org/" lang="ty">Reo tahiti</a></li>
<li><a href="//zgh.wikipedia.org/" lang="zgh" title="Tamazight tanawayt">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li>
<li><a href="//kab.wikipedia.org/" lang="kab" title="Taqbaylit">Taqbaylit</a></li>
<li><a href="//roa-tara.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa">Tarandíne</a></li>
<li><a href="//tay.wikipedia.org/" lang="tay">Tayal</a></li>
<li><a href="//tet.wikipedia.org/" lang="tet">Tetun</a></li>
<li><a href="//tpi.wikipedia.org/" lang="tpi">Tok Pisin</a></li>
<li><a href="//tly.wikipedia.org/" lang="tly">tolışi</a></li>
<li><a href="//to.wikipedia.org/" lang="to">faka Tonga</a></li>
<li><a href="//tk.wikipedia.org/" lang="tk">Türkmençe</a></li>
<li><a href="//kcg.wikipedia.org/" lang="kcg">Tyap</a></li>
<li><a href="//tyv.wikipedia.org/" lang="tyv" title="Tyva dyl">Тыва дыл</a></li>
<li><a href="//udm.wikipedia.org/" lang="udm" title="Udmurt">Удмурт</a></li>
<li><a href="//ug.wikipedia.org/" lang="ug"><bdi dir="rtl">ئۇيغۇرچه</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//vep.wikipedia.org/" lang="vep">Vepsän</a></li>
<li><a href="//fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/" lang="vro">võro</a></li>
<li><a href="//vls.wikipedia.org/" lang="vls">West-Vlams</a></li>
<li><a href="//wo.wikipedia.org/" lang="wo">Wolof</a></li>
<li><a href="//xh.wikipedia.org/" lang="xh">isiXhosa</a></li>
<li><a href="//zea.wikipedia.org/" lang="zea">Zeêuws</a></li>
<li><a href="//alt.wikipedia.org/" lang="alt">алтай тил</a></li>
<li><a href="//awa.wikipedia.org/" lang="awa">अवधी</a></li>
<li><a href="//dty.wikipedia.org/" lang="dty">डोटेली</a></li>
<li><a href="//tcy.wikipedia.org/" lang="tcy">ತುಳು</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a href="//bdr.wikipedia.org/" lang="bdr">Bajau Sama</a></li>
<li><a href="//bm.wikipedia.org/" lang="bm">Bamanankan</a></li>
<li><a href="//bbc.wikipedia.org/" lang="bbc">Batak Toba</a></li>
<li><a href="//ch.wikipedia.org/" lang="ch">Chamoru</a></li>
<li><a href="//dz.wikipedia.org/" lang="dz" title="Rdzong-Kha">རྫོང་ཁ</a></li>
<li><a href="//ee.wikipedia.org/" lang="ee">Eʋegbe</a></li>
<li><a href="//gur.wikipedia.org/" lang="gur">Farefare</a></li>
<li><a href="//got.wikipedia.org/" lang="got" title="Gutisk">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li>
<li><a href="//igl.wikipedia.org/" lang="igl">Igala</a></li>
<li><a href="//iu.wikipedia.org/" lang="iu">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / Inuktitut</a></li>
<li><a href="//ik.wikipedia.org/" lang="ik">Iñupiak</a></li>
<li><a href="//kl.wikipedia.org/" lang="kl">Kalaallisut</a></li>
<li><a href="//kus.wikipedia.org/" lang="kus">Kʋsaal</a></li>
<li><a href="//fat.wikipedia.org/" lang="fat">Mfantse</a></li>
<li><a href="//mos.wikipedia.org/" lang="mos">Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="//pih.wikipedia.org/" lang="pih">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li>
<li><a href="//pwn.wikipedia.org/" lang="pwn">pinayuanan</a></li>
<li><a href="//pnt.wikipedia.org/" lang="pnt" title="Pontiaká">Ποντιακά</a></li>
<li><a href="//rmy.wikipedia.org/" lang="rmy">romani čhib</a></li>
<li><a href="//rn.wikipedia.org/" lang="rn">Ikirundi</a></li>
<li><a href="//sg.wikipedia.org/" lang="sg">Sängö</a></li>
<li><a href="//ss.wikipedia.org/" lang="ss">SiSwati</a></li>
<li><a href="//ti.wikipedia.org/" lang="ti" title="Təgərəña">ትግርኛ</a></li>
<li><a href="//din.wikipedia.org/" lang="din">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li>
<li><a href="//chr.wikipedia.org/" lang="chr" title="Tsalagi">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li>
<li><a href="//chy.wikipedia.org/" lang="chy">Tsėhesenėstsestotse</a></li>
<li><a href="//ts.wikipedia.org/" lang="ts">Xitsonga</a></li>
<li><a href="//ve.wikipedia.org/" lang="ve">Tshivenḓa</a></li>
<li><a href="//guc.wikipedia.org/" lang="guc">Wayuunaiki</a></li>
<li><a href="//ady.wikipedia.org/" lang="ady">адыгабзэ</a></li>
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