https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes

스캔 ID:: 5fb6f53d-807d-4a6c-b3b7-de449956aa84완료
제출된 URL:: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes
보고서 완료:: 2024년 12월 18일 10:02:55
링크 · 279개 결과

페이지에서 식별된 외부 링크
링크	텍스트
https://www.cookiebot.com/en/what-is-behind-powered-by-cookiebot/	logo - opens in a new window
https://www.cookiebot.com/goto/privacy-policy/	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://www.crazyegg.com/privacy	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://business.safety.google/privacy/	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://www.hotjar.com/legal/policies/privacy/	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://twitter.com/en/privacy	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://www.facebook.com/policy.php/	Learn more about this provider - opens in a new windowLearn more about this provider
https://www.cookiebot.com	Cookiebot
https://sciforum.net	Sciforum
JavaScript 변수 · 186개 결과

페이지의 창 개체에 로드된 전역 JavaScript 변수는 함수 외부에서 선언된 변수로, 현재 범위 내에서 코드의 어느 부분에서나 액세스할 수 있습니다
이름	유형
0	object
1	object
2	object
onbeforetoggle	object
documentPictureInPicture	object
onscrollend	object
CookieControl	object
__uspapi	function
addUspapiLocatorFrame	function
__handleUspapiMessage	function
콘솔 로그 메시지 · 0개 결과

웹 콘솔에 기록된 메시지
HTML

페이지의 원시 HTML 본문
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class=" js flexbox flexboxlegacy canvas canvastext webgl no-touch geolocation postmessage no-websqldatabase indexeddb hashchange history draganddrop websockets rgba hsla multiplebgs backgroundsize borderimage borderradius boxshadow textshadow opacity cssanimations csscolumns cssgradients cssreflections csstransforms csstransforms3d csstransitions fontface generatedcontent video audio localstorage sessionstorage webworkers no-applicationcache svg inlinesvg smil svgclippaths"><head><meta class="foundation-mq-small"><meta class="foundation-mq-small-only"><meta class="foundation-mq-medium"><meta class="foundation-mq-medium-only"><meta class="foundation-mq-large"><meta class="foundation-mq-large-only"><meta class="foundation-mq-xlarge"><meta class="foundation-mq-xlarge-only"><meta class="foundation-mq-xxlarge"><meta class="foundation-data-attribute-namespace">
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
        <meta content="mdpi" name="sso-service">
                             <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport">        
                <title>Processes | An Open Access Journal from MDPI</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?eb190a3a77e5e1ee?1734335954">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery.multiselect.css?f56c135cbf4d1483?1734335954">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/chosen.min.css?d7ca5ca9441ef9e1?1734335954">

                    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/main2.css?69b39374e6b554b7?1734335954">
        
                <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/mask-icon-128.svg?c1c7eca266cd7013?1734335954" color="#4f5671">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1734335954">
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1734335954">
                        <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
        <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
        <meta name="application-name" content="&nbsp;">

            <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">

                        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    <meta name="title" content="Processes">
    <meta name="description" content="Processes, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal.">
    <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">

    <meta property="og:title" content="Processes">
    <meta property="og:type" content="website">
    <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes">
    <meta property="og:description" content="Processes, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal.">

            <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14">
    
    <style>

h2, #abstract .related_suggestion_title {
    }

.batch_articles a {
    color: #000;
}

    a, .batch_articles .authors a, a:focus, a:hover, a:active, .batch_articles a:focus, .batch_articles a:hover, li.side-menu-li a {
            }

    span.label a {
        color: #fff;
    }

    #main-content a.title-link:hover,
    #main-content a.title-link:focus,
    #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:hover,
    #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:focus {
            }

    #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:hover,
    #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:focus {
            }

    .art-authors a.toEncode {
        color: #333;
        font-weight: 700;
    }

    #main-content #middle-column ul li::before {
            }

    .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title,
    .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title::after {
            }

    .accordion-navigation li:hover::before,
    .accordion-navigation li:hover a,
    .accordion-navigation li:focus a {
            }

    .relative-size-container .relative-size-image .relative-size {
            }

    .middle-column__help__fixed a:hover i,
            }

    input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after {
            }

    input[type="checkbox"]:not(:disabled):hover:before {
            }

    #main-content .bolded-text {
            }


#main-content .hypothesis-count-container {
    }

#main-content .hypothesis-count-container:before {
    }

.full-size-menu ul li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper {
    }

.full-size-menu ul li.menu-item > a.open::after {
    }

#title-story .title-story-orbit .orbit-caption {
    #background: url('/img/design/000000_background.png') !important;
    background: url('/img/design/ffffff_background.png') !important;
    color: rgb(51, 51, 51) !important;
}

#main-content .content__container__orbit {
    background-color: #000 !important;
}

#main-content .content__container__journal {
        color: #fff;
}

.html-article-menu .row span {
    }

.html-article-menu .row span.active {
    }

.accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active::before,
.accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active a {
    color: rgba(153,77,69,0.75) !important;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover::before ,
.accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover a {
    color: rgba(153,77,69,0.75) !important;
    }

.side-menu-ul li.active a, .side-menu-ul li.active, .side-menu-ul li.active::before {
    color: rgba(153,77,69,0.75) !important;
}

.side-menu-ul li.active a {
    }

.result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:hover,
.result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:focus {
        }

.search-container.search-container__default-scheme {
    }

nav.tab-bar .open-small-search.active:after {
    }

.search-container.search-container__default-scheme .custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link::after {
    color: #fff;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 50em) {
    #main-content .content__container.journal-info {
        color: #fff;
            }

    #main-content .content__container.journal-info a {
        color: #fff;
    }
} 

.button.button--color {
        }

.button.button--color:hover,
.button.button--color:focus {
            }

.button.button--color-journal {
    position: relative;
    background-color: rgba(153,77,69,0.75);
    border-color: #fff;
    color: #fff !important;
}

.button.button--color-journal:hover::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    opacity: 0.2;
}

.button.button--color-journal:visited,
.button.button--color-journal:hover,
.button.button--color-journal:focus {
    background-color: rgba(153,77,69,0.75);
    border-color: #fff;
    color: #fff !important;
}

.button.button--color path {
    }

.button.button--color:hover path {
    fill: #fff;
}

#main-content #search-refinements .ui-slider-horizontal .ui-slider-range {
    }

.breadcrumb__element:last-of-type a {
    }

#main-header {
    }

#full-size-menu .top-bar, #full-size-menu li.menu-item span.user-email {
    }

.top-bar-section li:not(.has-form) a:not(.button) {
    }

#full-size-menu li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper li a:hover {
    }

#full-size-menu li.menu-item a:hover, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:focus, nav.tab-bar a:hover {
    }
#full-size-menu li.menu.item a:active, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a.active {
    }

#full-size-menu li.menu-item a.open-mega-menu.active, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu, a.open-mega-menu.active {
        }

#full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu li, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu a {
            border-color: #9a9a9a;
}

div.type-section h2 {
                font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 26px;
    font-weight: 300;
}

div.type-section h3 {
    margin-left: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    font-weight: 300;
}

.journal-tabs .tab-title.active a {
            }

</style>

                            <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss">
        
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Processes - Latest Articles" href="/rss/journal/processes">
        
        <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY">
        <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7">

                        <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" async="" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f/cc.js?renew=false&amp;referer=www.mdpi.com&amp;dnt=false&amp;init=false"></script><script async="" src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.old.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"></script><script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async=""></script>
        
        <!--[if lt IE 9]>
            <script>var browserIe8 = true;</script>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/ie8foundationfix.css?50273beac949cbf0?1734335954">
            <script src="//html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
            <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.6.2/html5shiv.js"></script>
            <script src="//s3.amazonaws.com/nwapi/nwmatcher/nwmatcher-1.2.5-min.js"></script>
            <script src="//html5base.googlecode.com/svn-history/r38/trunk/js/selectivizr-1.0.3b.js"></script>
            <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/respond.js/1.1.0/respond.min.js"></script>
            <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ie8/ie8patch.js?9e1d3c689a0471df?1734335954"></script>
            <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ie8/rem.min.js?94b62787dcd6d2f2?1734335954"></script>            
                                                        <![endif]-->

                    
            <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics">
                (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
                new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
                j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
                'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
                })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPK7SW5');
            </script>

            <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics">
                _linkedin_partner_id = "2846186";
                window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || [];
                window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);
                </script><script type="text/javascript">
                (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
                var b = document.createElement("script");
                b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true;
                b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";
                s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})();
            </script>

            <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics" data-cfasync="false" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0116/4951.js" async="async"></script>

                        <style type="text/css" id="CookieConsentStateDisplayStyles">.cookieconsent-optin-preferences,.cookieconsent-optin-statistics,.cookieconsent-optin-marketing,.cookieconsent-optin{display:none;}.cookieconsent-optout-preferences,.cookieconsent-optout-statistics,.cookieconsent-optout-marketing,.cookieconsent-optout{display:block;display:initial;}</style><style></style><meta class="foundation-mq-topbar"><style type="text/css" id="CookiebotDialogStyle">#CybotCookiebotDialog *,#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyUnderlay *{background:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:15px;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogNav :after,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogNav :before{content:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog label{width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyUnderlay{background-color:#000;height:100%;left:0;margin:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;pointer-events:none;position:fixed;top:0;transition:opacity .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:2147483630}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotCookiebotDialogActive+#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyUnderlay{opacity:.75;pointer-events:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog{background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 32px 68px rgba(0,0,0,.3);box-sizing:border-box;color:#141414;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:15px;height:auto;left:50%;letter-spacing:.1px;line-height:24px;max-height:calc(100% - 16px);overflow:hidden;position:fixed;text-align:initial;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transition:all .5s ease;transition-property:width,max-width,top,bottom,left,opacity;width:calc(100% - 16px);z-index:2147483631}#CybotCookiebotDialog ol,#CybotCookiebotDialog ul{list-style-position:inside}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogContentWrapper{align-items:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%}:root #CybotCookiebotDialog,:root #CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent,_:-ms-fullscreen{height:100%}:root #CybotCookiebotDialogBody,:root #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel,_:-ms-fullscreen{flex:auto}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialog{max-width:900px}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog{left:50%;max-height:80vh;top:0;transform:translate(-50%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge{box-shadow:0 30px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:auto;max-height:70vh;max-width:100vw;min-width:100vw;padding:24px;transition-property:transform,opacity,top;width:100vw}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge .CybotCookiebotDialogContentWrapper{flex-direction:row;margin:0 auto;max-width:1600px;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=bottom]{top:100%;transform:translate(-50%,-100%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=pushdown],#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=slidedown]{transform:translate(-50%,-150%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=pushdown].CybotCookiebotDialogActive,#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=slidedown].CybotCookiebotDialogActive{transform:translate(-50%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=slideup]{top:100%;transform:translate(-50%,50%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=slideup].CybotCookiebotDialogActive{transform:translate(-50%,-100%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=overlay],#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=popup]{opacity:0;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=overlay].CybotCookiebotDialogActive,#CybotCookiebotDialog[data-template=popup].CybotCookiebotDialogActive{opacity:1}}#CybotCookiebotDialogHeader{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;display:flex;padding:1em;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogHeaderLogosWrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1;justify-content:space-between}#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot,#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyLink{align-items:center;display:flex;width:50%}#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot{justify-content:flex-end;width:175px}#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyImage{max-height:1.5em;width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot svg{fill:#141414;height:1.7em;max-width:133px}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot svg{height:2em}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialogHeader{padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyImage{max-height:2.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogHeader{align-items:center;align-self:stretch;border:none;justify-content:space-between;padding:0;width:210px}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogHeaderLogosWrapper{align-self:stretch;flex-direction:column}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyLink{flex:1}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyImage{height:auto;max-height:6em;max-width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot{height:2em;margin-top:2em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot,#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyLink{justify-content:center}}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;position:relative;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogNav{display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItems{display:flex;list-style:none;overflow-x:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItems::-webkit-scrollbar{height:0;width:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItem{flex:1 1 0%;margin:0 auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink{border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff;color:#141414;display:block;font-weight:600;height:100%;outline-offset:-5px;padding:1em;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink:hover{color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink.CybotCookiebotDialogActive{border-color:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #1032CF;color:#1032CF}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialogNav .CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink.CybotCookiebotDialogActive{border-width:3px}}#CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:auto;overflow:auto;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column}#CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel{flex:1;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogSpecialFeaturesText ul{margin:.25em 0 .25em 2em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogSpecialFeaturesText ul{margin:.25em 2em .25em 0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;height:100%;min-height:20vh;padding:.375em;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollArea{height:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{display:flex;min-height:auto}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{border-bottom:none;display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge.CybotMultilevel .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{width:calc(100% - 286px - 1.5em)}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent{flex:1;margin-left:1.5em;overflow:visible}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent{margin-left:0;margin-right:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel{overflow:visible}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper{align-items:flex-end;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:1.5em;padding-left:.375em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper{padding-left:0;padding-right:.375em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge.CybotMultilevel .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper{border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6;padding-top:1em}}@media screen and (min-width:1510px){#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge:not([lang=ta]):not([lang=bg]):not([lang=is]):not([lang=el]) #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent{margin:0 1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge:not([lang=ta]):not([lang=bg]):not([lang=is]):not([lang=el]) .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge:not([lang=ta]):not([lang=bg]):not([lang=is]):not([lang=el]) .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper{border-top:none;padding-top:0}}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFader{bottom:0;height:5em;left:1px;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;transition:opacity .3s;width:calc(100% - 1em);z-index:10}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotFader:not(.CybotCookiebotFaderLeft){left:auto;right:1px}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFader.CybotCookiebotDialogActive{opacity:1}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFaderLeft,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFaderRight{height:100%;width:3.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFaderLeft{left:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFaderRight{left:auto;right:0}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotFader:not(.CybotCookiebotFaderLeft):not(.CybotCookiebotFaderRight){width:calc(100% - 1.5em)}}#CybotCookiebotDialogBody{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBody .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-height:18em}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent{max-height:inherit}#CybotCookiebotDialog h2{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.25px;line-height:1.6em;margin-bottom:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent{flex:1;height:100%;letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:1.6em;max-height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;padding:1.625em .625em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent{list-style-type:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsent{border:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:.5em;margin:0 .625em 1em;padding:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsent:before{border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6;content:"";width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentLink{color:#141414;display:block;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6em;margin-bottom:.625em;text-decoration:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentLink:hover{color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount{background-color:#D6D6D6;border-radius:5em;display:inline-block;font-size:.8em;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.25px;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:.5em;padding:.25em .5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount{margin-left:0;margin-right:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentListWrapper{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);border:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:.5em;margin-top:1.5em;padding:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentListWrapper>span{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;display:block;font-weight:600;padding-bottom:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentList{margin-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter{letter-spacing:.3px;line-height:1.6em;padding:0 1em 1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter a{color:#141414}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentList dt:not(:last-of-type){margin-bottom:.5em}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBody .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{display:flex;flex:auto;height:auto;max-height:15.5em;overflow:hidden}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent{padding:1.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsent{margin:0 2em 1em;padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter{padding:0 2em 1.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentListWrapper{margin-top:2em;padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBody{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;overflow:hidden}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent{height:auto;padding:0 1.125em 0 0}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl].CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:0}}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeader{font-weight:600;line-height:1.6em;margin-bottom:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper{border:2px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:1em;margin:1.5em 0 1em;padding:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);border:2px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:.5em 1em 1em;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:last-of-type,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;font-weight:600;margin:.5em 2em 0 0}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{margin:.5em 0 0 2em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:nth-of-type(2){margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:nth-of-type(2){margin-left:0;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs a+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerTogglesWrapper .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:nth-of-type(2){margin-right:3.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs a+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerTogglesWrapper .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:nth-of-type(2){margin-left:3.5em;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription{border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6;margin-top:1em;padding-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABPurposeCount{margin-top:2em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABPurposeCount .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount{margin-left:.4em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABLinkWrapper{font-weight:700}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABLinkWrapper:nth-of-type(2){margin-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABLinkWrapper a{margin-top:0;word-break:break-word}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription a{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;margin-top:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABBullet{margin:1em 0 0 1em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABBullet{margin:1em 1em 0 0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABList{font-weight:700;margin-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABList li{font-weight:400;margin-left:2px}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABList li{font-weight:400;margin-right:2px}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription{display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription.CybotCookiebotDialogShow{display:block}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleHide,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleShow{display:block;height:2em;position:absolute;right:1.4em;width:2em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleHide,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleShow{left:1.4em;right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:before,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed:before{border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;content:"";display:inline-block;height:.5em;position:absolute;right:2em;top:1.3em;transform:rotate(-225deg);width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:before,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed:before{left:2em;right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:before{top:1.6em;transform:rotate(-45deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyIABIntroContainer{padding-bottom:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABLabel{line-height:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs p.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABLabel{padding-left:2em}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper{padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeader{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;display:flex;margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyIABIntroContainer{padding-bottom:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerTogglesWrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed{padding:1em 1.5em 1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:before,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerCollapsed:before{top:1.8em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainer:before{top:2.1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription{width:100%}}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout{padding:1.625em .625em}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout{padding:1.125em}}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{padding:1em;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons{align-items:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons{align-items:center;flex-direction:row}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{padding:1em 1.5em 1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{padding:0;width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge.CybotMultilevel #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{position:absolute;right:0;top:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{left:0;right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge.CybotMultilevel.CybotCloseButtonEnabled #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{right:51px}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl].CybotCloseButtonEnabled #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{left:51px;right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons{align-items:flex-end;flex-direction:column-reverse;max-width:286px}}@media screen and (min-width:1510px){#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge:not([lang=ta]):not([lang=bg]):not([lang=is]):not([lang=el]) #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{position:relative;right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl]:not([lang=ta]):not([lang=bg]):not([lang=is]):not([lang=el]) #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter{left:0;position:relative;right:auto}}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type::-webkit-scrollbar{width:.25em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:#f2f2f2;border-radius:.313em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#141414;border-radius:.313em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer .CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer{background:#ffffff;display:none;height:100%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:.375em;top:0;transition:opacity .5s;width:.6em}#CybotCookiebotDialog:hover .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer .CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer{opacity:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type:focus{outline:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type:focus::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#1032CF}@-moz-document url-prefix(){#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type{scrollbar-track-color:#f2f2f2;scrollbar-face-color:#141414;scrollbar-color:#141414 #f2f2f2;scrollbar-width:thin}}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type:focus{scrollbar-color:#1032CF #f2f2f2}@media screen and (min-width:1510px){#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer>div:first-of-type::-webkit-scrollbar{width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer .CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer{display:block}}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleHide,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABContainerToggleShow,#CybotCookiebotDialog a:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog a:before,#CybotCookiebotDialog button:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog button:before{border-color:#141414}#CybotCookiebotDialog a:hover:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog a:hover:before,#CybotCookiebotDialog button:hover:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog button:hover:before{border-color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButtonE2E,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton{fill:#141414;border:none;display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotCloseButtonEnabled .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton{display:flex;margin-left:2.313rem}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton{margin-left:auto;margin-right:2.313rem}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonsWrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:last-of-type),#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:first-of-type){margin-bottom:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;margin-bottom:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper{margin-right:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription{font-weight:600}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton{background-color:transparent;border:2px solid #1032CF;border-radius:.25em;color:#141414;display:block;font-weight:600;padding:1em;text-align:center;user-select:none;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:hover{opacity:.85}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonCustomize,#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLevelOptinAllowallSelection{background-color:transparent;border-color:#1032CF;color:#141414}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonAccept,#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonAccept,#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLevelOptinAllowAll{background-color:#1032CF;border-color:#1032CF;color:#ffffff}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonCustomize{align-items:center}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonCustomize .CybotCookiebotDialogArrow{border-color:#141414;border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;display:inline-block;height:.5em;margin-left:1em;transform:rotate(45deg);vertical-align:baseline;width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonCustomize .CybotCookiebotDialogArrow{margin-left:0;margin-right:1em;transform:rotate(-135deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggle{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;display:flex;flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end;margin:1em 0 1.5em auto;padding-bottom:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderButton,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleDeselectVendorsLink,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleSelectVendorsLink{align-items:center;background-color:transparent;border:2px solid #1032CF;border-radius:.25em;color:#141414;display:flex;font-weight:600;padding:.75em 1em;text-decoration:none;user-select:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderButton:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleDeselectVendorsLink:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleSelectVendorsLink:hover{opacity:.85}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderButton.select,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleSelectVendorsLink{background-color:#1032CF;border-color:#1032CF;color:#ffffff;margin-left:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderButton.select,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggleSelectVendorsLink{margin-left:0;margin-right:.5em}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonsWrapper{align-items:stretch;flex:1;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-end}#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:last-of-type),#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton,#CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:first-of-type){margin-bottom:0;width:33%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogHide)+#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonsWrapper .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton{max-width:286px;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:last-of-type){margin-right:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:last-of-type){margin-left:.5em;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper{margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton{display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge.CybotCloseButtonEnabled #CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButtonE2E{display:flex}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggle{border-bottom:none;justify-content:flex-start;margin:0 0 0 auto;padding:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderToggle{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonsWrapper{flex:auto;flex-direction:column-reverse}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton{max-width:none;width:286px}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogFooter .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton:not(:first-of-type){margin-bottom:.5em}}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelWrapper{width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails{display:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes{list-style-type:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin:1.5em 2em .5em 0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails{margin-left:1.125em;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails a{align-items:center;color:#1032CF;display:flex;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails a:after{border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;color:#141414;content:"";display:block;height:.563em;margin-left:1em;transform:rotate(45deg);width:.563em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails a:after{margin-left:0;margin-right:1em;transform:rotate(225deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtons{width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;height:32px;position:relative;width:57px}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper:hover input[type=checkbox]:not(:disabled)+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider{opacity:.85}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input[type=checkbox].CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton{opacity:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider{background-color:#141414;border-radius:32px;bottom:0;left:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;transition:background-color .4s}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider:before{background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:50%;bottom:4px;content:"";height:24px;left:4px;position:absolute;transition:transform .4s;width:24px}#CybotCookiebotDialog input:checked+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider{background-color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialog input:checked+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider:before,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent input+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider:before{background-color:#ffffff;transform:translateX(26px)}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent input:checked+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider:before{transform:translateX(0)}#CybotCookiebotDialog form input[type=checkbox][disabled]:checked+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider{background-color:#D6D6D6;pointer-events:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;padding:1em 0}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:1em;text-align:center;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper label{font-size:.875em;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.15px;padding-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription{font-weight:700}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane label:not([for=CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessary]) .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription:hover{color:#1032CF}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane{padding:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{flex-direction:column;padding:1.5em 1em;width:25%}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:not(:last-of-type){border-right:1px solid #D6D6D6}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper:not(:last-of-type){border-left:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-right:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel{margin-bottom:.75em}#CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent input:focus+.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider{box-shadow:0 0 1px #1032CF}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane{border-bottom:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{border:none;flex-direction:row;margin:.5em 2.5em 0 0;padding:0;width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel{margin-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelWrapper{width:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel{margin-right:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel{margin-left:1em;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper{border-left:none;margin:.5em 0 0 2.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog.CybotEdge #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails{display:inline-flex;height:2em;margin:0}}#CybotCookiebotDialog input[type=checkbox]{height:1.5em;margin-right:.5em;width:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] input[type=checkbox]{margin-left:.5em;margin-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper form{height:100%;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input[type=checkbox]{height:100%;margin-right:0;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs input[type=checkbox]{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-o-appearance:none;background-color:#ffffff;border:2px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:4px;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs input[type=checkbox]:not(:checked):hover{border-color:#141414}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs input[type=checkbox]:checked{background-color:#1032CF;border-color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs input[type=checkbox]:checked:after{border-bottom:2px solid #ffffff;border-right:2px solid #ffffff;content:"";display:inline-block;height:50%;left:50%;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 2px);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(45deg);width:25%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs{padding:0 .625em;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2TabsIntro{padding:1.125em 1.125em .25em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2TabsIntro:nth-child(3){margin-bottom:1.5em}.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerHeader{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton:before,.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab:before{border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;content:"";display:inline-block;height:.5em;left:0;margin-right:1.875em;position:relative;top:.625em;transform:rotate(-45deg);vertical-align:top;width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton:before,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab:before{margin-left:1.875em;margin-right:0}.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:before,.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:before{top:.25em;transform:rotate(-225deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard{border-bottom:1px solid #D6D6D6;padding:1.5em 0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard:not(:first-child){padding-top:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABContainer .CookieCard{border-bottom:none;border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CookieCard:last-of-type{margin-bottom:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CookieCard:first-of-type{padding-top:1.625em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab{border:1px solid transparent;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5em;padding-right:.75em;user-select:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab{padding-left:.75em;padding-right:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount):hover{color:#1032CF}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard{padding-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard>div:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper){letter-spacing:.3px;line-height:1.6em;margin-left:2.9em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2CardIntro{letter-spacing:.3px;line-height:1.6em;margin-left:2.9em;padding-top:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard>div:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper),#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2CardIntro{margin-left:0;margin-right:2.9em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyEmptyCategoryMessage{border:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:.5em;font-weight:600;margin:1em 0;padding:1em 1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup{border:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup:not(.open):hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider{display:block;font-weight:700;position:relative;text-decoration:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider>div{pointer-events:none}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount){color:#141414}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider:after{border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;content:"";display:inline-block;height:.5em;position:absolute;right:1em;top:.5em;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider:after{left:1em;right:auto}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after{transform:rotate(-225deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;padding-top:1em;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);border:1px solid #D6D6D6;border-radius:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper.CybotCookiebotDialogShow{display:block}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper{margin-top:3.125em;position:relative}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper:before{border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;top:-1.5em;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription{margin-bottom:1.56em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle{display:block;font-weight:700;line-height:1.6em;margin-bottom:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription{display:block;letter-spacing:.3px;padding-bottom:1em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter{border-top:1px solid #D6D6D6;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-top:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent{margin-top:.5em;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs{padding:0 1.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer{margin-top:2em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard{margin-left:3em;padding-top:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard{margin-left:0;margin-right:3em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CollapseCard>div:not(.CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABWrapper){margin-left:0}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard{padding:1.125em 0 1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CookieCard:last-of-type{margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-bottom:2em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CookieCard:first-of-type{padding-top:1.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs .CookieCard:last-of-type{padding-bottom:1.125em}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro{padding-left:3em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro{padding-left:0;padding-right:3em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyEmptyCategoryMessage{margin:0 0 1.5em;padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo{padding:1.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper{margin-top:3.75em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper:before{top:-2em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription{margin-bottom:1.875em}#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent{width:50%}}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogHide{display:none}.CybotExpandLink{position:relative}.CybotExpandLink.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after,.CybotExpandLink:after{border-style:solid;border-width:.15em .15em 0 0;content:"";height:.5em;position:absolute;right:1em;top:.3em;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:.5em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotExpandLink.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after,#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotExpandLink:after{left:0;right:auto}.CybotExpandLink.CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed:after{transform:rotate(-225deg)}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotExternalLinkArrow{margin-left:.625em}#CybotCookiebotDialog[dir=rtl] .CybotExternalLinkArrow{margin-left:0;margin-right:.625em;transform:scaleX(-1)}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton:not(:disabled):not(.disabled),#CybotCookiebotDialog .CookieCard .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab:not(:disabled):not(.disabled),#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input[type=checkbox],#CybotCookiebotDialog button,#CybotCookiebotDialog input,#CybotCookiebotDialog label:not([for=CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessary]){cursor:pointer}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input[type=checkbox]:disabled{pointer-events:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapperDisabled{cursor:not-allowed}#CybotCookiebotDialog dt{word-break:break-all}#CybotCookiebotDialog fieldset{border:none;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog fieldset #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyFieldsetInnerContainer{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%}#CybotCookiebotDialog legend.visuallyhidden{display:block}#CybotCookiebotDialog .visuallyhidden{height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentText a,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderViewPartnersLink,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentList dt a,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter a,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription a,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout a{color:#1032CF;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentText a:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABHeaderViewPartnersLink:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentList dt a:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter a:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonIABDescription a:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink:hover,#CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout a:hover{opacity:.85}#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input:focus-visible+span,#CybotCookiebotDialog :focus-visible,#CybotCookiebotDialog:focus-visible{outline:none}@media screen and (min-width:601px){#CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper input:focus-visible+span,#CybotCookiebotDialog :focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1032CF}}@media not all and (min-resolution:.001dpcm){@media screen and (min-width:1280px){#CybotCookiebotDialog #CybotCookiebotDialogBody .CybotCookiebotScrollContainer{display:block}}}#CookiebotSessionPixel{display:none}
    #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot svg {
      display: block;
      height: 1.7em;
      opacity: 1;
      max-width: 133px;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredByText {
      display: none;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialog .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton {
      margin-left: 2.313rem;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialog[dir="rtl"] .CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton {
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: 2.313rem;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper {
      position: relative;
      margin-top: 3.125em;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper.CybotCookiebotDialogShow {
      display: block;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper:before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      top: -1.5em;
      left: 0;
      width: 100%;
      border-top: 1px solid #D6D6D6;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription {
      margin-bottom: 1.56em;
    }

    #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo:before {
      display: none;
    }

    @media screen and (min-width: 601px) {
      #CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot svg {
          height: 2em;
      }
    }

    @media screen and (min-width: 1280px) {
      #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper {
        margin-top: 3.75em;
      }

      #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription {
        margin-bottom: 1.875em;
      }

      #CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes .CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper:before {
        top: -2em;
      }
  
    }
  </style></head>

    <body style="padding-top: 0px;"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialog" name="CybotCookiebotDialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentTitle" tabindex="-1" lang="en" dir="ltr" ng-non-bindable="" data-template="bottom" class="CybotEdge CybotCloseButtonEnabled CybotCookiebotDialogActive" style="display: flex;"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogContentWrapper"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogHeader"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogHeaderLogosWrapper"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyLink"><img id="CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyImage" src="data:," alt="logo" style="display: none;"></div><a href="https://www.cookiebot.com/en/what-is-behind-powered-by-cookiebot/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" id="CybotCookiebotDialogPoweredbyCybot" aria-label="logo - opens in a new window"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 843 248"><path d="M249.651 182.059C246.815 181.906 243.999 182.606 241.573 184.067C239.147 185.528 237.225 187.681 236.06 190.244H235.469V167.003H226.162V229.564H235.174V222.256H235.912C237.11 224.825 239.06 226.979 241.51 228.439C243.959 229.898 246.796 230.596 249.651 230.441C261.174 230.441 269.447 221.379 269.447 206.177C269.447 190.975 261.174 182.059 249.651 182.059ZM247.731 222.694C239.753 222.694 235.321 215.97 235.321 206.031C235.321 196.091 239.606 189.659 247.731 189.659C256.151 189.659 260.288 196.676 260.288 206.031C260.288 215.386 256.004 222.694 247.731 222.694Z"></path><path d="M294.854 219.182H294.411L282.445 182.786H272.547L289.979 230.291L288.797 233.361C286.433 239.646 283.183 240.085 278.013 238.769L275.797 246.224C277.841 246.916 279.989 247.262 282.149 247.247C289.831 247.247 294.559 243.3 297.366 235.846L316.866 182.64H306.968L294.854 219.182Z"></path><path d="M385.555 207.488C385.555 215.966 379.646 222.105 370.044 222.105C360.441 222.105 354.532 215.966 354.532 207.488V167.145H344.93V208.365C344.93 221.52 354.828 230.875 370.044 230.875C385.26 230.875 395.158 221.52 395.158 208.365V167.145H385.555V207.488Z"></path><path d="M429.594 203.412L422.06 201.658C416.89 200.489 414.526 198.735 414.674 195.519C414.674 191.865 418.662 189.38 423.833 189.38C429.594 189.38 432.254 192.596 433.288 195.665L441.708 194.203C439.788 186.895 434.026 182.071 423.833 182.071C413.049 182.071 405.514 187.626 405.514 195.958C405.514 202.681 409.651 207.067 418.515 208.967L426.492 210.721C431.072 211.744 433.14 213.79 433.14 216.714C433.14 220.368 429.151 223.145 423.094 223.145C417.628 223.145 414.083 220.807 412.901 216.129L404.037 217.445C405.514 225.776 412.605 230.454 423.242 230.454C434.765 230.454 442.595 224.461 442.595 215.983C442.595 209.405 438.311 205.312 429.594 203.412Z"></path><path d="M470.358 182.071C457.062 182.071 448.494 192.011 448.494 206.482C448.494 220.953 457.062 230.6 471.097 230.6C481.438 230.6 488.824 225.484 490.892 217.883L482.176 216.275C480.551 220.66 476.563 222.999 471.244 222.999C463.267 222.999 457.949 217.883 457.801 208.821H491.483V205.605C491.336 188.649 481.142 182.071 470.358 182.071ZM457.653 202.097C458.097 195.373 462.972 189.672 470.358 189.672C477.744 189.672 482.176 194.934 482.324 202.097H457.653Z"></path><path d="M508.912 190.117H508.469V182.663H499.605V229.583H508.912V200.934C508.912 194.795 513.64 190.41 520.288 190.41C521.932 190.383 523.572 190.58 525.163 190.994V182.224C523.837 182.097 522.505 182.048 521.174 182.078C518.527 181.93 515.903 182.634 513.694 184.082C511.484 185.531 509.807 187.648 508.912 190.117Z"></path><path d="M549.091 189.818C551.519 189.708 553.908 190.456 555.83 191.929C557.752 193.402 559.081 195.504 559.58 197.858H568.592C567.557 188.357 559.728 182.071 548.943 182.071C535.5 182.071 526.932 192.011 526.932 206.336C526.932 220.66 535.205 230.6 549.091 230.6C560.319 230.6 567.557 223.876 568.592 214.814H559.58C559.106 217.18 557.784 219.298 555.856 220.775C553.928 222.253 551.526 222.991 549.091 222.853C541.261 222.853 536.239 216.421 536.239 206.189C536.239 195.958 541.261 189.818 549.091 189.818Z"></path><path d="M596.077 182.071C582.929 182.071 574.213 192.011 574.213 206.482C574.213 220.953 582.781 230.6 596.816 230.6C607.157 230.6 614.543 225.484 616.612 217.883L607.895 216.275C606.27 220.66 602.282 222.999 596.963 222.999C588.986 222.999 583.815 217.883 583.52 208.821H617.203V205.605C617.055 188.649 606.861 182.071 596.077 182.071ZM583.372 202.097C583.815 195.373 588.69 189.672 596.077 189.672C603.464 189.672 607.896 194.934 608.043 202.097H583.372Z"></path><path d="M648.673 182.071C641.582 182.071 636.854 185.287 634.638 190.257H634.047V182.656H625.184V229.577H634.491V201.658C634.491 194.204 639.07 189.818 645.57 189.818C651.775 189.818 655.616 193.911 655.616 200.635V229.431H664.923V199.612C664.775 188.21 658.275 182.071 648.673 182.071Z"></path><path d="M692.999 222.117C690.044 222.117 687.385 221.094 687.385 215.832V189.959H697.135V182.651H687.385V171.396H678.078V182.651H671.135V189.959H678.078V217.732C678.078 226.21 684.578 230.449 691.965 230.302C694.03 230.338 696.085 229.991 698.021 229.279L696.396 221.678C695.285 221.957 694.145 222.104 692.999 222.117V222.117Z"></path><path d="M714.571 190.117H714.127V182.663H705.264V229.583H714.571V200.934C714.571 194.795 719.298 190.41 725.945 190.41C727.59 190.383 729.23 190.58 730.821 190.994V182.224C729.495 182.097 728.163 182.048 726.832 182.078C724.185 181.93 721.561 182.634 719.352 184.082C717.142 185.531 715.465 187.648 714.571 190.117V190.117Z"></path><path d="M741.007 164.516C739.502 164.472 738.04 165.014 736.935 166.025C735.83 167.036 735.171 168.436 735.098 169.924C735.122 170.664 735.295 171.393 735.606 172.066C735.918 172.74 736.361 173.346 736.911 173.849C737.46 174.352 738.105 174.742 738.808 174.997C739.512 175.251 740.259 175.365 741.007 175.332C741.758 175.387 742.513 175.288 743.224 175.041C743.935 174.794 744.587 174.404 745.139 173.897C745.692 173.389 746.132 172.774 746.433 172.091C746.734 171.407 746.89 170.67 746.89 169.924C746.89 169.178 746.734 168.441 746.433 167.757C746.132 167.073 745.692 166.459 745.139 165.951C744.587 165.444 743.935 165.054 743.224 164.807C742.513 164.56 741.758 164.461 741.007 164.516V164.516Z"></path><path d="M745.739 182.64H736.432V229.56H745.739V182.64Z"></path><path d="M775.853 189.818C778.281 189.708 780.67 190.456 782.591 191.929C784.513 193.402 785.842 195.504 786.341 197.858H795.353C794.319 188.357 786.489 182.071 775.705 182.071C762.262 182.071 753.693 192.011 753.693 206.336C753.693 220.66 761.966 230.6 775.853 230.6C787.08 230.6 794.319 223.876 795.353 214.814H786.341C785.868 217.18 784.545 219.298 782.617 220.775C780.69 222.253 778.287 222.991 775.853 222.853C768.023 222.853 763 216.421 763 206.189C763 195.958 768.171 189.818 775.853 189.818Z"></path><path d="M826.532 203.412L818.998 201.658C813.827 200.489 811.463 198.735 811.611 195.519C811.611 191.865 815.6 189.38 820.771 189.38C826.532 189.38 829.191 192.596 830.225 195.665L838.646 194.203C836.725 186.895 830.964 182.071 820.771 182.071C809.986 182.071 802.452 187.626 802.452 195.958C802.452 202.681 806.588 207.067 815.452 208.967L823.43 210.721C828.009 211.744 830.078 213.79 830.078 216.714C830.078 220.368 826.089 223.145 820.032 223.145C814.566 223.145 811.02 220.807 809.838 216.129L800.975 217.445C802.452 225.776 809.543 230.454 820.18 230.454C831.703 230.454 839.532 224.461 839.532 215.983C839.532 209.405 835.248 205.312 826.532 203.412Z"></path><path d="M428.098 136.595L388.359 84.2654L426.916 40.5603H395.45L359.108 83.6807V4.01758H333.551V136.741H359.108V112.184L370.483 100.198L396.041 136.741H428.098V136.595Z"></path><path d="M444.939 30.9215H445.382C449.435 30.8502 453.301 29.2257 456.167 26.3901C459.032 23.5545 460.674 19.7292 460.746 15.7197C460.674 11.7103 459.032 7.88492 456.167 5.04934C453.301 2.21377 449.435 0.589264 445.382 0.517951C441.375 0.490103 437.518 2.02279 434.644 4.78502C431.769 7.54725 430.108 11.3174 430.019 15.2812V15.7197C429.979 17.6899 430.335 19.6482 431.066 21.4814C431.796 23.3146 432.887 24.9863 434.274 26.3999C435.662 27.8135 437.319 28.941 439.149 29.7171C440.98 30.4932 442.948 30.9026 444.939 30.9215V30.9215Z"></path><path d="M432.086 137.925H456.905V41.7441H432.086V137.925Z"></path><path d="M794.165 113.808C794.165 131.495 803.767 140.411 821.642 140.411C829.047 140.746 836.374 138.806 842.62 134.857L837.597 115.855C834.995 117.617 831.883 118.489 828.733 118.34H828.142C825.606 117.97 823.317 116.629 821.77 114.606C820.222 112.583 819.54 110.039 819.87 107.523V63.964H839.665V41.8922H819.87V15.2891H794.312V41.8922H778.357V63.964H794.312V113.808H794.165Z"></path><path d="M601.247 125.337C604.819 129.867 609.393 133.526 614.617 136.035C619.841 138.543 625.577 139.834 631.384 139.808C655.611 139.808 674.225 121.537 674.225 89.233C674.225 57.66 655.759 38.6578 631.384 38.6578C625.58 38.6472 619.849 39.9448 614.627 42.4522C609.406 44.9595 604.83 48.6107 601.247 53.1287V3.86914H575.689V136.592H601.247V125.337ZM601.247 72.131C603.744 68.7245 607.003 65.9359 610.771 63.9834C614.538 62.0308 618.711 60.9672 622.963 60.8758C637.588 60.8758 647.191 72.131 647.191 88.6483C647.191 105.166 637.588 116.421 622.963 116.421C618.752 116.364 614.608 115.361 610.846 113.487C607.084 111.613 603.801 108.918 601.247 105.604V72.131Z"></path><path d="M533.583 111.188C528.083 114.821 521.394 116.253 514.868 115.195C508.341 114.137 502.464 110.667 498.423 105.487L560.47 70.1137L557.959 65.1439C542.004 38.1023 514.526 29.0397 489.56 43.0721C488.821 43.5106 488.082 43.9491 487.491 44.3876C481.985 47.7516 477.206 52.1599 473.428 57.3587C469.651 62.5575 466.95 68.4442 465.481 74.6799C464.012 80.9157 463.803 87.3773 464.868 93.693C465.933 100.009 468.249 106.054 471.684 111.48C472.423 112.796 473.162 113.965 473.753 115.134C477.248 120.525 481.785 125.181 487.102 128.835C492.419 132.488 498.412 135.068 504.739 136.426C511.065 137.784 517.6 137.893 523.97 136.748C530.339 135.602 536.417 133.225 541.856 129.751C554.233 123.118 563.817 112.339 568.891 99.3479L551.015 90.5776C547.936 99.3191 541.737 106.648 533.583 111.188ZM499.753 60.1741C499.901 60.0279 500.049 60.0279 500.196 59.8817C502.689 58.3111 505.473 57.2495 508.386 56.7594C511.299 56.2693 514.282 56.3607 517.159 57.028C520.036 57.6954 522.749 58.9253 525.138 60.6454C527.527 62.3655 529.545 64.5411 531.072 67.0441L490.151 90.5776C487.573 85.247 487.131 79.1486 488.912 73.5083C490.693 67.868 494.567 63.104 499.753 60.1741V60.1741Z"></path><path d="M122.747 125.073C117.827 130.28 111.88 134.432 105.273 137.273C98.6668 140.114 91.5411 141.584 84.3374 141.59C70.0953 141.552 56.4521 135.916 46.4091 125.925C36.3661 115.933 30.7461 102.403 30.7852 88.3111C30.8244 74.2193 36.5196 60.7201 46.618 50.7831C56.7164 40.8461 70.3907 35.2853 84.6328 35.3241C98.6314 35.3093 112.068 40.7741 122.009 50.5259C128.016 42.2847 135.914 35.5718 145.054 30.939C133.725 18.5119 118.836 9.79775 102.373 5.9589C85.9098 2.12005 68.655 3.33893 52.9099 9.45299C37.1648 15.567 23.6779 26.2856 14.2481 40.1792C4.81822 54.0727 -0.106318 70.4807 0.131255 87.2148C-0.0261505 109.171 8.62812 130.291 24.1941 145.94C39.7602 161.588 60.9657 170.485 83.1555 170.678H83.7464C95.4187 170.591 106.949 168.132 117.621 163.456C128.294 158.779 137.883 151.984 145.793 143.491C136.936 138.95 129.097 132.686 122.747 125.073V125.073Z"></path><path d="M170.624 36.9093C157.088 37.0838 144.175 42.5718 134.728 52.1661C125.281 61.7605 120.072 74.6752 120.248 88.0691C120.425 101.463 125.971 114.239 135.668 123.587C145.365 132.934 158.417 138.088 171.954 137.913C172.102 137.913 172.102 137.913 172.102 138.06C185.533 137.921 198.362 132.52 207.776 123.04C217.191 113.56 222.425 100.775 222.33 87.4845V86.7536C222.259 80.1169 220.863 73.5595 218.223 67.458C215.583 61.3566 211.751 55.8314 206.946 51.1998C202.141 46.5682 196.459 42.9214 190.226 40.469C183.993 38.0166 177.332 36.8069 170.624 36.9093ZM171.954 113.795C164.854 113.697 158.073 110.863 153.052 105.895C148.031 100.927 145.166 94.2171 145.067 87.1921C145.067 81.9305 146.644 76.7871 149.598 72.4122C152.553 68.0374 156.752 64.6276 161.665 62.614C166.578 60.6005 171.984 60.0737 177.199 61.1002C182.415 62.1267 187.206 64.6604 190.966 68.3809C194.726 72.1014 197.287 76.8416 198.324 82.0021C199.362 87.1626 198.829 92.5116 196.794 97.3727C194.759 102.234 191.313 106.389 186.892 109.312C182.47 112.235 177.272 113.795 171.954 113.795V113.795Z"></path><path d="M276.685 36.9093C269.982 36.9957 263.362 38.3875 257.203 41.0053C251.044 43.623 245.466 47.4155 240.788 52.1661C231.341 61.7605 226.133 74.6752 226.309 88.0691C226.485 101.463 232.032 114.239 241.729 123.587C251.425 132.934 264.478 138.088 278.015 137.913C278.162 137.913 278.162 137.913 278.162 138.06C291.594 137.921 304.422 132.52 313.837 123.04C323.252 113.56 328.485 100.775 328.39 87.4845V86.7536C328.319 80.1169 326.924 73.5595 324.284 67.458C321.643 61.3566 317.811 55.8314 313.006 51.1998C308.202 46.5682 302.52 42.9214 296.287 40.469C290.054 38.0166 283.392 36.8069 276.685 36.9093V36.9093ZM278.015 113.795C270.908 113.719 264.113 110.892 259.088 105.919C254.062 100.947 251.204 94.2241 251.128 87.1921C251.128 81.9305 252.705 76.7871 255.659 72.4122C258.613 68.0374 262.812 64.6276 267.725 62.614C272.638 60.6005 278.044 60.0737 283.26 61.1002C288.475 62.1267 293.266 64.6604 297.026 68.3809C300.787 72.1014 303.347 76.8416 304.385 82.0021C305.422 87.1626 304.89 92.5116 302.855 97.3727C300.82 102.234 297.374 106.389 292.952 109.312C288.531 112.235 283.332 113.795 278.015 113.795V113.795Z"></path><path d="M729.639 137.91C736.297 137.885 742.885 136.56 749.024 134.009C755.163 131.459 760.733 127.734 765.413 123.049C770.094 118.363 773.793 112.809 776.299 106.706C778.805 100.602 780.067 94.0688 780.015 87.4811V86.7502C779.883 76.7631 776.76 67.039 771.043 58.8076C765.325 50.5763 757.269 44.2072 747.893 40.5059C738.517 36.8045 728.243 35.9371 718.369 38.0133C708.495 40.0895 699.464 45.016 692.42 52.17C685.376 59.3239 680.633 68.384 678.793 78.2046C676.953 88.0252 678.097 98.1652 682.08 107.343C686.064 116.52 692.709 124.322 701.174 129.763C709.639 135.204 719.545 138.039 729.639 137.91V137.91ZM730.377 60.7318C737.508 60.7318 744.347 63.5346 749.389 68.5237C754.432 73.5127 757.264 80.2793 757.264 87.3349C757.264 94.3905 754.432 101.157 749.389 106.146C744.347 111.135 737.508 113.938 730.377 113.938C723.247 113.938 716.408 111.135 711.366 106.146C706.323 101.157 703.491 94.3905 703.491 87.3349C703.491 80.2793 706.323 73.5127 711.366 68.5237C716.408 63.5346 723.247 60.7318 730.377 60.7318Z"></path></svg></a></div><button class="CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton" aria-label="Close banner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M14 1.41L12.59 0L7 5.59L1.41 0L0 1.41L5.59 7L0 12.59L1.41 14L7 8.41L12.59 14L14 12.59L8.41 7L14 1.41Z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogNav" class="CybotCookiebotScrollAreaSide"><div class="CybotCookiebotFader CybotCookiebotFaderLeft" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div><div class="CybotCookiebotFader CybotCookiebotFaderRight" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div><ul id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavList" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItems" role="tablist"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItem" role="presentation"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavDeclaration" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink CybotCookiebotDialogActive" href="#" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBody" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-selected="false" lang="en">Consent</a></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItem" role="presentation"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavDetails" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink" href="#" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogTabContentDetails" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-selected="false" lang="en">Details</a></li><li id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemAdSettings" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItem CybotCookiebotDialogHide" role="presentation"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavAdSettings" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink" href="#" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextIABv2" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-selected="false" lang="en">[#IABV2SETTINGS#]</a></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItem" role="presentation"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogNavAbout" class="CybotCookiebotDialogNavItemLink" href="#" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-selected="false" lang="en">About</a></li></ul></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogTabContent"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBody" class="CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogNavDeclaration" lang="en"><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollContainer"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContent" class="CybotCookiebotScrollArea" tabindex="0"><div class="CybotCookiebotFader" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div><h2 id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentTitle" lang="en">This website uses cookies</h2><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentText" lang="en">We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services. </div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer"></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyBottomWrapper"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelWrapper" class="CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtons"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsTable"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsRow"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonsSelectPane"><form><fieldset><legend class="visuallyhidden">Consent Selection</legend><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyFieldsetInnerContainer"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper"><label class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel" for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessary"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription">Necessary</strong></label><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapperDisabled"><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessary" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDisabled" disabled="disabled" checked="checked"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper"><label class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel" for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferences"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription">Preferences</strong></label><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper"><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferences" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferencesInline" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper"><label class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel" for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatistics"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription">Statistics</strong></label><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper"><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatistics" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatisticsInline" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper"><label class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel" for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketing"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription">Marketing</strong></label><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper"><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketing" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketingInline" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></div></div></div></fieldset></form></div></div></div></div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetails"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyEdgeMoreDetailsLink" href="#" class="">Show details</a></div></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollContainer CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogTabContentDetails" class="CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel CybotCookiebotDialogHide CybotCookiebotScrollArea" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogNavDetails" lang="en"><div class="CybotCookiebotFader" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBody"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContent"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextOverview" lang="en"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainer"><ul id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerTypes" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerNecessaryCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerHeader"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerNecessary" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" lang="en" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsNecessary" aria-label="Necessary (29)" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsNecessary" aria-expanded="false"><label for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessaryInline">Necessary </label> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">29</span></button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapperDisabled CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><form><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonNecessaryInline" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDisabled" disabled="disabled" checked="checked"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></form></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro">Necessary cookies help make a website usable by enabling basic functions like page navigation and access to secure areas of the website. The website cannot function properly without these cookies.</div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsNecessary" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerNecessaryCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer"><ul class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Cookiebot<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.cookiebot.com/goto/privacy-policy/" title="Cookiebot's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">1.gif</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to count the number of sessions to the website, necessary for optimizing CMP product delivery. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">CrazyEgg<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.crazyegg.com/privacy" title="CrazyEgg's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_ce.cch</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Google<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://business.safety.google/privacy/" title="Google's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><p class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription">Some of the data collected by this provider is for the purposes of personalization and measuring advertising effectiveness.</p><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">test_cookie</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">ar_debug</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Checks whether a technical debugger-cookie is present. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 3 months</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">LinkedIn<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy" title="LinkedIn's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">li_gc</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 180 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">commenting.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">SESS#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Preserves users states across page requests.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">XSRF-TOKEN</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Ensures visitor browsing-security by preventing cross-site request forgery. This cookie is essential for the security of the website and visitor.   </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#"><div>commenting.mdpi.com<br>res.mdpi.com<br>consent.cookiebot.com<br></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">3</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">CookieConsent&nbsp;[x3]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">matomo.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_pk_testcookie_domain</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie determines whether the browser accepts cookies.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">4</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">__cfruid</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is a part of the services provided by Cloudflare - Including load-balancing, deliverance of website content and serving DNS connection for website operators. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_cfuvid</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is a part of the services provided by Cloudflare - Including load-balancing, deliverance of website content and serving DNS connection for website operators. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">cf_clearance</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is used to distinguish between humans and bots. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">MDPIPHPSESSID</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#"><div>mdpi.com<br>mdpi.org<br>mdpi-res.com<br>t.co<br></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">4</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">__cf_bm&nbsp;[x4]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is used to distinguish between humans and bots. This is beneficial for the website, in order to make valid reports on the use of their website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#"><div>script.crazyegg.com<br>www.mdpi.com<br></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">ce_successful_csp_check&nbsp;[x2]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Detects whether user behaviour tracking should be active on the website. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">www.jisc.ac.uk<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">AWSALBCORS</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers which server-cluster is serving the visitor. This is used in context with load balancing, in order to optimize user experience.  </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 7 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">www.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">7</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify0</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the website's content management system (CMS) to determine how the website's menu-tabs should be displayed. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify1</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is set to ensure proper product displays on the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify2</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the website's content management system (CMS) to determine how the website's menu-tabs should be displayed. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify3</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Determines the device used to access the website. This allows the website to be formatted accordingly. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify4</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the website's content management system (CMS) to determine how the website's menu-tabs should be displayed. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify-count</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the website's content management system (CMS) to determine how the website's menu-tabs should be displayed. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify-version</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the website's content management system (CMS) to determine how the website's menu-tabs should be displayed. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerPreferenceCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerHeader"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerPreference" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" lang="en" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsPreference" aria-label="Preferences (3)" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsPreference" aria-expanded="false"><label for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferencesInline">Preferences </label> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">3</span></button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><form><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferencesInline" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonPreferences" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></form></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro">Preference cookies enable a website to remember information that changes the way the website behaves or looks, like your preferred language or the region that you are in.</div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsPreference" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerPreferenceCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer"><ul class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">LinkedIn<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy" title="LinkedIn's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">lidc</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers which server-cluster is serving the visitor. This is used in context with load balancing, in order to optimize user experience.  </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">www.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">mdpi_layout_type</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is used to store user setting of using fixed desktop layout instead of the default responsive layout</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">settings</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is used to determine the preferred language of the visitor and sets the language accordingly on the website, if possible.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerStatisticsCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerHeader"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerStatistics" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" lang="en" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsStatistics" aria-label="Statistics (22)" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsStatistics" aria-expanded="false"><label for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatisticsInline">Statistics </label> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">22</span></button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><form><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatisticsInline" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonStatistics" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></form></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro">Statistic cookies help website owners to understand how visitors interact with websites by collecting and reporting information anonymously.</div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsStatistics" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerStatisticsCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer"><ul class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">CrazyEgg<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">5</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.crazyegg.com/privacy" title="CrazyEgg's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_ce.clock_data</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_ce.s</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">cebs</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Tracks the individual sessions on the website, allowing the website to compile statistical data from multiple visits. This data can also be used to create leads for marketing purposes.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">cebsp_</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">cetabid</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Sets a unique ID for the session. This allows the website to obtain data on visitor behaviour for statistical purposes.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Google<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">5</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://business.safety.google/privacy/" title="Google's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><p class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription">Some of the data collected by this provider is for the purposes of personalization and measuring advertising effectiveness.</p><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">collect</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behavior. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_ga</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 2 years</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_ga_#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Google Analytics to collect data on the number of times a user has visited the website as well as dates for the first and most recent visit. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 2 years</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_gat</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_gid</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Hotjar<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">5</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.hotjar.com/legal/policies/privacy/" title="Hotjar's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">hjActiveViewportIds</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie contains an ID string on the current session. This contains non-personal information on what subpages the visitor enters – this information is used to optimize the visitor's experience.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">hjViewportId</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Saves the user's screen size in order to adjust the size of images on the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_hjSession_#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects statistics on the visitor's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been read.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_hjSessionUser_#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects statistics on the visitor's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been read.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_hjTLDTest</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers statistical data on users' behaviour on the website. Used for internal analytics by the website operator. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Twitter Inc.<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://twitter.com/en/privacy" title="Twitter Inc.'s privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">personalization_id</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">This cookie is set by Twitter - The cookie allows the visitor to share content from the website onto their Twitter profile. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">matomo.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">3</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_pk_id#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects statistics on the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been read.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_pk_ref#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Piwik Analytics Platform to identify the referring website from which the visitor has come.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 6 months</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_pk_ses#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Piwik Analytics Platform to track page requests from the visitor during the session.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#"><div>script.crazyegg.com<br>www.mdpi.com<br></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">ce_fvd&nbsp;[x2]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">www.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">sentryReplaySession</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers data on visitors' website-behaviour. This is used for internal analysis and website optimization. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerAdvertisingCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerHeader"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerAdvertising" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" lang="en" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsAdvertising" aria-label="Marketing (41)" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsAdvertising" aria-expanded="false"><label for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketingInline">Marketing </label> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">41</span></button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><form><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketingInline" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelConsentCheckbox" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonMarketing" checked="checked" tabindex="0"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></form></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro">Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and third party advertisers.</div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsAdvertising" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerAdvertisingCard"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer"><ul class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#"> Meta Platforms, Inc.<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">3</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.facebook.com/policy.php/" title=" Meta Platforms, Inc.'s privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">lastExternalReferrer</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Detects how the user reached the website by registering their last URL-address.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">lastExternalReferrerTime</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Detects how the user reached the website by registering their last URL-address.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_fbp</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real time bidding from third party advertisers.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 3 months</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Google<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">4</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://business.safety.google/privacy/" title="Google's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><p class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProviderDescription">Some of the data collected by this provider is for the purposes of personalization and measuring advertising effectiveness.</p><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">IDE</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">NID</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 6 months</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">pagead/1p-user-list/#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Tracks if the user has shown interest in specific products or events across multiple websites and detects how the user navigates between sites. This is used for measurement of advertisement efforts and facilitates payment of referral-fees between websites.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">_gcl_au</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services.  </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 3 months</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">LinkedIn<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy" title="LinkedIn's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">bcookie</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used by the social networking service, LinkedIn, for tracking the use of embedded services.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Twitter Inc.<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">8</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://twitter.com/en/privacy" title="Twitter Inc.'s privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">1/i/adsct&nbsp;[x2]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on user behaviour and interaction in order to optimize the website and make advertisement on the website more relevant. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">i/adsct&nbsp;[x2]</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">The cookie is used by Twitter.com in order to determine the number of visitors accessing the website through Twitter advertisement content. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">muc_ads</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on user behaviour and interaction in order to optimize the website and make advertisement on the website more relevant. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">guest_id</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and which pages have been loaded, with the purpose of personalising and improving the Twitter service.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">guest_id_ads</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects information on user behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">guest_id_marketing</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects information on user behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on the website.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 400 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">YouTube<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">22</div></a><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" aria-label="Learn more about this provider - opens in a new window" href="https://business.safety.google/privacy/" title="YouTube's privacy policy">Learn more about this provider<img class="CybotExternalLinkArrow" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASCAYAAABWzo5XAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAC6SURBVHgBpdTdCcMgEAdwT/vk04EOkBG6QifpHH3rCF2hk3SVvBaEuoDYu4IgRRMv/iEkD/Hn+QnOuatS6gEAqDoJIQC/vfe594+m576FjAZKL6XXkSDiYox5UQFLXZEoNZJzXg9B/0hK6SKGWkiMcRVBewjnNIuURdIzyFBFo0jZPnoGqaMbCEqRJkSNIiFPCfILj7F1GLkySfvuqnFlShDxWesF6D76zF4jPJ/GWvum7/NRjBCegtsXQuuTY/odOJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt=""></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">#-#</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 180 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iU5q-!O9@$</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">LogsDatabaseV2:V#||LogsRequestsStore</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: IndexedDB</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">nextId</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">remote_sid</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Necessary for the implementation and functionality of YouTube video-content on the website.  </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">requests</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">ServiceWorkerLogsDatabase#SWHealthLog</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Necessary for the implementation and functionality of YouTube video-content on the website.  </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: IndexedDB</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">TESTCOOKIESENABLED</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 day</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Tries to estimate the users' bandwidth on pages with integrated YouTube videos.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 180 days</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">YSC</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt.innertube::nextId</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">YtIdbMeta#databases</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Used to track user’s interaction with embedded content.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: IndexedDB</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-cast-available</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-cast-installed</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-connected-devices</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-device-id</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-fast-check-period</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-session-app</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">yt-remote-session-name</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">cdn.pbgrd.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">2</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">pagead/gen_204</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that they are shown the same advertisement. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">csi</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Collects data on visitors' preferences and behaviour on the website - This information is used make content and advertisement more relevant to the specific visitor. </span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: Pixel Tracker</span></div></div></div></li><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">pub.mdpi-res.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">1</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">OAID</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerUnclassifiedCard"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerUnclassified" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerButton CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" lang="en" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsUnclassified" aria-label="Unclassified (4)" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsUnclassified" aria-expanded="false">Unclassified  <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">4</span></button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeIntro">Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying, together with the providers of individual cookies.</div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabsUnclassified" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieContainerUnclassifiedCard" aria-expanded="false"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTypeTableContainer"><ul class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieTabContent" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieGroup"><a class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieProvider CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#">www.mdpi.com<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoCount CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">4</div></a><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">iconify5</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">mdpi_layout_type_v2</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: 1 year</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">settings_cached</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Session</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTTP Cookie</span></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfo"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoTitle">turnstile-error</strong><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoDescription">Pending</span><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooter"><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Maximum Storage Duration</b>: Persistent</span><span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentCookieInfoFooterContent"><b>Type</b>: HTML Local Storage</span></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsent" lang="en" style="display: none;"><a id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentLink" href="#" class="CybotExpandLink CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentListWrapper">Cross-domain consent<span class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentCount">[#BULK_CONSENT_DOMAINS_COUNT#]</span></a> [#BULK_CONSENT_TITLE#]<div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBulkConsentListWrapper" class="CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-expanded="false"><span>List of domains your consent applies to:</span> [#BULK_CONSENT_DOMAINS#]</div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailFooter" lang="en">Cookie declaration last updated on 11/27/24 by <a href="https://www.cookiebot.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Cookiebot">Cookiebot</a></div></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer"></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollContainer CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextIABv2" class="CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel CybotCookiebotDialogHide CybotCookiebotScrollArea" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogNavAdSettings" lang="en"><div class="CybotCookiebotFader" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABContainer"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tabs"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2TabsIntro"><h2>[#IABV2_TITLE#]</h2>[#IABV2_BODY_INTRO#]</div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2TabsIntro">[#IABV2_BODY_LEGITIMATE_INTEREST_INTRO#]</div><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2TabsIntro">[#IABV2_BODY_PREFERENCE_INTRO#]</div><div class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PurposesCard"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Purposes" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" tabindex="0" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PurposesBody" lang="en" aria-label="[#IABV2_LABEL_PURPOSES#]" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PurposesBody">[#IABV2_LABEL_PURPOSES#]</button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2CardIntro">[#IABV2_BODY_PURPOSES_INTRO#]</div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PurposesBody" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PurposesCard" aria-expanded="false">[#IABV2_BODY_PURPOSES#]</div></div><div class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2FeaturesCard"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Features" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" tabindex="0" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2FeaturesBody" lang="en" aria-label="[#IABV2_LABEL_FEATURES#]" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2FeaturesBody">[#IABV2_LABEL_FEATURES#]</button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2CardIntro">[#IABV2_BODY_FEATURES_INTRO#]</div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2FeaturesBody" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2FeaturesCard" aria-expanded="false">[#IABV2_BODY_FEATURES#]</div></div><div class="CookieCard"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersCard"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Partners" class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2Tab CybotCookiebotDialogCollapsed" tabindex="0" data-target="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody" lang="en" aria-label="[#IABV2_LABEL_PARTNERS#]" aria-controls="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody">[#IABV2_LABEL_PARTNERS#]</button><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2CardIntro">[#IABV2_BODY_PARTNERS_INTRO#]</div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersBody" class="CollapseCard CybotCookiebotDialogHide" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentIABv2PartnersCard" aria-expanded="false">[#IABV2_BODY_PARTNERS#]</div></div></div></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer"></div></div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollContainer CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogDetailBodyContentTextAbout" class="CybotCookiebotDialogTabPanel CybotCookiebotDialogHide CybotCookiebotScrollArea" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="CybotCookiebotDialogNavAbout" lang="en"><div class="CybotCookiebotFader" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));"></div>Cookies are small text files that can be used by websites to make a user's experience more efficient.<br style=""><br style="">The law states that we can store cookies on your device if they are strictly necessary for the operation of this site. For all other types of cookies we need your permission.<br style=""><br style="">This site uses different types of cookies. Some cookies are placed by third party services that appear on our pages.<br style=""><br style="">You can at any time change or withdraw your consent from the Cookie Declaration on our website.<br style=""><br style="">Learn more about who we are, how you can contact us and how we process personal data in our Privacy Policy.<br style=""><br style="">Please state your consent ID and date when you contact us regarding your consent.</div><div class="CybotCookiebotScrollbarContainer"></div></div></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogFooter"><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtons"><div class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentControlsWrapper CybotCookiebotDialogHide"><form class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSliderWrapper"><input type="checkbox" id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentCheckboxPersonalInformation" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButton"> <span class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonSlider"></span></form><label class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLabel" for="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyContentCheckboxPersonalInformation"><strong class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonDescription">Do not sell or share my personal information</strong></label></div><div id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonsWrapper"><button id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonDecline" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton" tabindex="0" lang="en">Deny</button> <button id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonLevelOptinAllowallSelection" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton CybotCookiebotDialogHide" tabindex="0" lang="en">Allow selection</button> <button id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyLevelButtonCustomize" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton CybotCookiebotDialogHide" tabindex="0" lang="en">Customize<div class="CybotCookiebotDialogArrow"></div></button> <button id="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButtonAccept" class="CybotCookiebotDialogBodyButton" tabindex="0" lang="en">Allow all</button></div></div></div><button id="CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButtonE2E" class="CybotCookiebotBannerCloseButton" aria-label="Close banner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M14 1.41L12.59 0L7 5.59L1.41 0L0 1.41L5.59 7L0 12.59L1.41 14L7 8.41L12.59 14L14 12.59L8.41 7L14 1.41Z"></path></svg></button></div></div>
         
            
                    
<div id="menuModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-reveal="" role="dialog">
    <div class="menu-container">
        <div class="UI_NavMenu">
            


<div class="content__container ">
    <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link ">
                            <h2>Journals</h2>
                    </div>

    <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                            <div class="menu-container__links">
                        <div style="width: 100%; float: left;">
                            <a href="/about/journals">Active Journals</a>
                            <a href="/about/journalfinder">Find a Journal</a>
                            <a href="/about/journals/proposal">Journal Proposal</a>
                            <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    </div>
</div>

            <a href="/topics">
                <h2>Topics</h2>
            </a>

            


<div class="content__container ">
    <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link ">
                            <h2>Information</h2>
                    </div>

    <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                            <div class="menu-container__links">
                        <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 200px; float: left;">
                            <a href="/authors">For Authors</a>
                            <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a>
                            <a href="/editors">For Editors</a>
                            <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a>
                            <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a>
                            <a href="/societies">For Societies</a>
                            <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a>
                        </div>
                        <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; float: left;">
                            <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a>
                            <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a>
                            <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a>
                            <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a>
                            <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a>
                            <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a>
                            <a href="/awards">Awards</a>
                            <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    </div>
</div>

            <a href="/authors/english">
                <h2>Editing Services</h2>
            </a>

            


<div class="content__container ">
    <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link ">
                            <h2>Initiatives</h2>
                    </div>

    <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                            <div class="menu-container__links">
                        <div style="width: 100%; float: left;">
                            <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sciforum</a>
                            <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDPI Books</a>
                            <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preprints.org</a>
                            <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scilit</a>
                            <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SciProfiles</a>
                            <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Encyclopedia</a>
                            <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JAMS</a>
                            <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    </div>
</div>

            


<div class="content__container ">
    <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link ">
                            <h2>About</h2>
                    </div>

    <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                            <div class="menu-container__links">
                        <div style="width: 100%; float: left;">
                            <a href="/about">Overview</a>
                            <a href="/about/contact">Contact</a>
                            <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a>
                            <a href="/about/announcements">News</a>
                            <a href="/about/press">Press</a>
                            <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Blog</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    </div>
</div>
        </div>

        <div class="menu-container__buttons">
                            <a class="button UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a>
                    </div>
    </div>
</div>

                
<div id="captchaModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal="" aria-label="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"></div>
        
<div id="actionDisabledModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal="" aria-labelledby="actionDisableModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" style="width: 300px;">
    <h2 id="actionDisableModalTitle">Notice</h2>
    <form action="/email/captcha" method="post" id="emailCaptchaForm">
        <div class="row">
            <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-text" class="small-12 columns">
            </div>
            
            <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-submit" class="small-12 columns" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;">
                You can make submissions to other journals 
                <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">here</a>.
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
    <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">
        <i class="material-icons">clear</i>
    </a>
</div>
        
<div id="rssNotificationModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal="" aria-labelledby="rssNotificationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <h2 id="rssNotificationModalTitle">Notice</h2>
            <p>
                You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <a class="button button--color js-rss-notification-confirm">Continue</a>
            <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a>
        </div>
    </div>
    <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">
        <i class="material-icons">clear</i>
    </a>
</div>
        
<div id="drop-article-label-openaccess" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    <p>
        All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special 
        permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For 
        articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without 
        permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to
        <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess</a>.
    </p>
</div>

<div id="drop-article-label-feature" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    <p>
        Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature 
        Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for 
        future research directions and describes possible research applications.
    </p>

    <p>
        Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive 
        positive feedback from the reviewers.
    </p>
</div>

<div id="drop-article-label-choice" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    <p>
        Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. 
        Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly 
        interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the 
        most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

        </p><div style="margin-top: -10px;">
            <div id="drop-article-label-choice-journal-link" style="display: none; margin-top: -10px; padding-top: 10px;">
            </div>
        </div>
    <p></p>
</div>

<div id="drop-article-label-resubmission" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    <p>
        Original Submission Date Received: <span id="drop-article-label-resubmission-date"></span>.
    </p>
</div>

                <div id="container">
                        
                <noscript>
                    <div id="no-javascript">
                        You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled.
                    </div>
                </noscript>

                <div class="fixed">
                    <nav class="tab-bar show-for-medium-down">
                        <div class="row full-width collapse">
                            <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns">
                                <a href="/">
                                    <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1734335954" style="width: 64px;" title="MDPI Open Access Journals">
                                </a>
                            </div>
                            <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns right-aligned">
                                <div class="show-for-medium-down">
                                    <a href="#" style="display: none;">
                                        <i class="material-icons" onclick="$('#menuModal').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">clear</i>
                                    </a>

                                    
                                    <a class="js-toggle-desktop-layout-link" title="Toggle desktop layout" style="display: none;" href="/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie">
                                        <i class="material-icons">zoom_out_map</i>
                                    </a>

                                                                            <a href="#" class="js-open-small-search open-small-search">
                                            <i class="material-icons show-for-small only">search</i>
                                        </a>
                                    
                                    <a title="MDPI main page" class="js-open-menu" data-reveal-id="menuModal" href="#">
                                        <i class="material-icons">menu</i>
                                    </a>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </nav>                       	
                </div>
                
                <section class="main-section">
                    <header>
                        <div class="full-size-menu show-for-large-up">
                             
                                <div class="row full-width">
                                                                        <div class="large-1 columns">
                                        <a href="/">
                                            <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1734335954" title="MDPI Open Access Journals">
                                        </a>
                                    </div>

                                                                        <div class="large-8 columns text-right UI_NavMenu">
                                        <ul>
                                            <li class="menu-item"> 
                                                <a href="/about/journals" data-dropdown="journals-dropdown" aria-controls="journals-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Journals</a>

                                                <ul id="journals-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
                                                    <li>
                                                        <div class="row">
                                                            <div class="small-12 columns">
                                                                <ul>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/journals">
                                                                            Active Journals
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/journalfinder">
                                                                            Find a Journal
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/journals/proposal">
                                                                            Journal Proposal
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/proceedings">
                                                                            Proceedings Series
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                </ul>
                                                            </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                    </li>
                                                </ul>
                                            </li>

                                            <li class="menu-item"> 
                                                <a href="/topics">Topics</a>
                                            </li>

                                            <li class="menu-item"> 
                                                <a href="/authors" data-dropdown="information-dropdown" aria-controls="information-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover:true; hover_timeout:200">Information</a>

                                                <ul id="information-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
                                                    <li>
                                                        <div class="row">
                                                            <div class="small-5 columns right-border">
                                                                <ul>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/authors">For Authors</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/editors">For Editors</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/societies">For Societies</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                </ul>
                                                            </div>

                                                            <div class="small-7 columns">
                                                                <ul>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/awards">Awards</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                </ul>
                                                            </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                    </li>
                                                </ul>
                                            </li>

                                            <li class="menu-item">
                                                <a href="/authors/english">Editing Services</a>
                                            </li>

                                            <li class="menu-item"> 
                                                <a href="/about/initiatives" data-dropdown="initiatives-dropdown" aria-controls="initiatives-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Initiatives</a>

                                                <ul id="initiatives-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
                                                    <li>
                                                        <div class="row">
                                                            <div class="small-12 columns">
                                                                <ul>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                                                                                                        Sciforum
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                                                                                                        MDPI Books
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                                                                                                        Preprints.org
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                                                                                                        Scilit
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                            SciProfiles
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                                                                                                        Encyclopedia
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                            JAMS
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/proceedings">
                                                                            Proceedings Series
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                </ul>
                                                            </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                    </li>
                                                </ul>
                                            </li>

                                            <li class="menu-item"> 
                                                <a href="/about" data-dropdown="about-dropdown" aria-controls="about-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">About</a>

                                                <ul id="about-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
                                                    <li>
                                                        <div class="row">
                                                            <div class="small-12 columns">
                                                                <ul>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about">
                                                                            Overview
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="/about/contact">
                                                                            Contact
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                            Careers
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li> 
                                                                        <a href="/about/announcements">
                                                                            News
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li> 
                                                                        <a href="/about/press">
                                                                            Press
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                    <li>
                                                                        <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                                                            Blog
                                                                        </a>
                                                                    </li>
                                                                </ul>
                                                            </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                    </li>
                                                </ul>
                                            </li>

                                                                                    </ul>
                                    </div>

                                    <div class="large-3 columns text-right full-size-menu__buttons">
                                        <div>
                                                                                            <a class="button button--default-inversed UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a>
                                            
                                                <a class="button button--default js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_NavSubmitButton" href="            https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=processes
    " data-disabledmessage="new submissions are not possible.">Submit</a>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>

                                                            <div class="header-divider">&nbsp;</div>
                            
                                                            <div class="search-container hide-for-small-down row search-container__homepage-scheme">
                                                                                                                        
















<form id="basic_search" style="background-color: inherit !important;" class="large-12 medium-12 columns " action="/search" method="get">

    <div class="row search-container__main-elements">
            
            <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns text-right1 small-only-text-left">
        <div class="show-for-medium-up">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</div>
        </div>
            <span class="search-container__title">Search<span class="hide-for-medium"> for Articles</span><span class="hide-for-small">:</span></span>
    
    </div>


        <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content">
                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Title / Keyword</div>
        </div>
                <input type="text" placeholder="Title / Keyword" id="q" tabindex="1" name="q" value="">
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Author / Affiliation / Email</div>
        </div>
                <input type="text" id="authors" placeholder="Author / Affiliation / Email" tabindex="2" name="authors" value="">
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Journal</div>
        </div>
                <select id="journal" tabindex="-1" name="journal" class="chosen-select" style="display: none;">
            <option value="">All Journals</option>
             
                        <option value="acoustics">
                Acoustics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="amh">
                Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (AMH)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="actuators">
                Actuators
            </option>
             
                        <option value="admsci">
                Administrative Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="adolescents">
                Adolescents
            </option>
             
                        <option value="arm">
                Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="aerobiology">
                Aerobiology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="aerospace">
                Aerospace
            </option>
             
                        <option value="agriculture">
                Agriculture
            </option>
             
                        <option value="agriengineering">
                AgriEngineering
            </option>
             
                        <option value="agrochemicals">
                Agrochemicals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="agronomy">
                Agronomy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ai">
                AI
            </option>
             
                        <option value="air">
                Air
            </option>
             
                        <option value="algorithms">
                Algorithms
            </option>
             
                        <option value="allergies">
                Allergies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="alloys">
                Alloys
            </option>
             
                        <option value="analytica">
                Analytica
            </option>
             
                        <option value="analytics">
                Analytics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="anatomia">
                Anatomia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="anesthres">
                Anesthesia Research
            </option>
             
                        <option value="animals">
                Animals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="antibiotics">
                Antibiotics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="antibodies">
                Antibodies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="antioxidants">
                Antioxidants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="applbiosci">
                Applied Biosciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="applmech">
                Applied Mechanics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="applmicrobiol">
                Applied Microbiology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="applnano">
                Applied Nano
            </option>
             
                        <option value="applsci">
                Applied Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="asi">
                Applied System Innovation (ASI)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="appliedchem">
                AppliedChem
            </option>
             
                        <option value="appliedmath">
                AppliedMath
            </option>
             
                        <option value="aquacj">
                Aquaculture Journal
            </option>
             
                        <option value="architecture">
                Architecture
            </option>
             
                        <option value="arthropoda">
                Arthropoda
            </option>
             
                        <option value="arts">
                Arts
            </option>
             
                        <option value="astronomy">
                Astronomy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="atmosphere">
                Atmosphere
            </option>
             
                        <option value="atoms">
                Atoms
            </option>
             
                        <option value="audiolres">
                Audiology Research
            </option>
             
                        <option value="automation">
                Automation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="axioms">
                Axioms
            </option>
             
                        <option value="bacteria">
                Bacteria
            </option>
             
                        <option value="batteries">
                Batteries
            </option>
             
                        <option value="behavsci">
                Behavioral Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="beverages">
                Beverages
            </option>
             
                        <option value="BDCC">
                Big Data and Cognitive Computing (BDCC)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biochem">
                BioChem
            </option>
             
                        <option value="bioengineering">
                Bioengineering
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biologics">
                Biologics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biology">
                Biology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="blsf">
                Biology and Life Sciences Forum
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomass">
                Biomass
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomechanics">
                Biomechanics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomed">
                BioMed
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomedicines">
                Biomedicines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomedinformatics">
                BioMedInformatics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomimetics">
                Biomimetics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biomolecules">
                Biomolecules
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biophysica">
                Biophysica
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biosensors">
                Biosensors
            </option>
             
                        <option value="biotech">
                BioTech
            </option>
             
                        <option value="birds">
                Birds
            </option>
             
                        <option value="blockchains">
                Blockchains
            </option>
             
                        <option value="brainsci">
                Brain Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="buildings">
                Buildings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="businesses">
                Businesses
            </option>
             
                        <option value="carbon">
                C
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cancers">
                Cancers
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cardiogenetics">
                Cardiogenetics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="catalysts">
                Catalysts
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cells">
                Cells
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ceramics">
                Ceramics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="challenges">
                Challenges
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ChemEngineering">
                ChemEngineering
            </option>
             
                        <option value="chemistry">
                Chemistry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="chemproc">
                Chemistry Proceedings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="chemosensors">
                Chemosensors
            </option>
             
                        <option value="children">
                Children
            </option>
             
                        <option value="chips">
                Chips
            </option>
             
                        <option value="civileng">
                CivilEng
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cleantechnol">
                Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="climate">
                Climate
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ctn">
                Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="clinbioenerg">
                Clinical Bioenergetics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="clinpract">
                Clinics and Practice
            </option>
             
                        <option value="clockssleep">
                Clocks &amp; Sleep
            </option>
             
                        <option value="coasts">
                Coasts
            </option>
             
                        <option value="coatings">
                Coatings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="colloids">
                Colloids and Interfaces
            </option>
             
                        <option value="colorants">
                Colorants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="commodities">
                Commodities
            </option>
             
                        <option value="complications">
                Complications
            </option>
             
                        <option value="compounds">
                Compounds
            </option>
             
                        <option value="computation">
                Computation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="csmf">
                Computer Sciences &amp; Mathematics Forum
            </option>
             
                        <option value="computers">
                Computers
            </option>
             
                        <option value="condensedmatter">
                Condensed Matter
            </option>
             
                        <option value="conservation">
                Conservation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="constrmater">
                Construction Materials
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cmd">
                Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cosmetics">
                Cosmetics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="covid">
                COVID
            </option>
             
                        <option value="crops">
                Crops
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cryo">
                Cryo
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cryptography">
                Cryptography
            </option>
             
                        <option value="crystals">
                Crystals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="cimb">
                Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="curroncol">
                Current Oncology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dairy">
                Dairy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="data">
                Data
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dentistry">
                Dentistry Journal
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dermato">
                Dermato
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dermatopathology">
                Dermatopathology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="designs">
                Designs
            </option>
             
                        <option value="diabetology">
                Diabetology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="diagnostics">
                Diagnostics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dietetics">
                Dietetics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="digital">
                Digital
            </option>
             
                        <option value="disabilities">
                Disabilities
            </option>
             
                        <option value="diseases">
                Diseases
            </option>
             
                        <option value="diversity">
                Diversity
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dna">
                DNA
            </option>
             
                        <option value="drones">
                Drones
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ddc">
                Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="dynamics">
                Dynamics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="earth">
                Earth
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ecologies">
                Ecologies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="econometrics">
                Econometrics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="economies">
                Economies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="education">
                Education Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="electricity">
                Electricity
            </option>
             
                        <option value="electrochem">
                Electrochem
            </option>
             
                        <option value="electronicmat">
                Electronic Materials
            </option>
             
                        <option value="electronics">
                Electronics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ecm">
                Emergency Care and Medicine
            </option>
             
                        <option value="encyclopedia">
                Encyclopedia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="endocrines">
                Endocrines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="energies">
                Energies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="esa">
                Energy Storage and Applications (ESA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="eng">
                Eng
            </option>
             
                        <option value="engproc">
                Engineering Proceedings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="entropy">
                Entropy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="eesp">
                Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="environments">
                Environments
            </option>
             
                        <option value="epidemiologia">
                Epidemiologia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="epigenomes">
                Epigenomes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ebj">
                European Burn Journal (EBJ)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ejihpe">
                European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fermentation">
                Fermentation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fibers">
                Fibers
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fintech">
                FinTech
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fire">
                Fire
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fishes">
                Fishes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fluids">
                Fluids
            </option>
             
                        <option value="foods">
                Foods
            </option>
             
                        <option value="forecasting">
                Forecasting
            </option>
             
                        <option value="forensicsci">
                Forensic Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="forests">
                Forests
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fossstud">
                Fossil Studies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="foundations">
                Foundations
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fractalfract">
                Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="fuels">
                Fuels
            </option>
             
                        <option value="future">
                Future
            </option>
             
                        <option value="futureinternet">
                Future Internet
            </option>
             
                        <option value="futurepharmacol">
                Future Pharmacology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="futuretransp">
                Future Transportation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="galaxies">
                Galaxies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="games">
                Games
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gases">
                Gases
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gastroent">
                Gastroenterology Insights
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gastrointestdisord">
                Gastrointestinal Disorders
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gastronomy">
                Gastronomy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gels">
                Gels
            </option>
             
                        <option value="genealogy">
                Genealogy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="genes">
                Genes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geographies">
                Geographies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geohazards">
                GeoHazards
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geomatics">
                Geomatics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geometry">
                Geometry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geosciences">
                Geosciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geotechnics">
                Geotechnics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="geriatrics">
                Geriatrics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="glacies">
                Glacies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="gucdd">
                Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="grasses">
                Grasses
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hardware">
                Hardware
            </option>
             
                        <option value="healthcare">
                Healthcare
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hearts">
                Hearts
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hemato">
                Hemato
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hematolrep">
                Hematology Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="heritage">
                Heritage
            </option>
             
                        <option value="histories">
                Histories
            </option>
             
                        <option value="horticulturae">
                Horticulturae
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hospitals">
                Hospitals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="humanities">
                Humanities
            </option>
             
                        <option value="humans">
                Humans
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hydrobiology">
                Hydrobiology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hydrogen">
                Hydrogen
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hydrology">
                Hydrology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="hygiene">
                Hygiene
            </option>
             
                        <option value="immuno">
                Immuno
            </option>
             
                        <option value="idr">
                Infectious Disease Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="informatics">
                Informatics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="information">
                Information
            </option>
             
                        <option value="infrastructures">
                Infrastructures
            </option>
             
                        <option value="inorganics">
                Inorganics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="insects">
                Insects
            </option>
             
                        <option value="instruments">
                Instruments
            </option>
             
                        <option value="iic">
                Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijerph">
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijfs">
                International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijms">
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="IJNS">
                International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijpb">
                International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijt">
                International Journal of Topology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijtm">
                International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijtpp">
                International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ime">
                International Medical Education (IME)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="inventions">
                Inventions
            </option>
             
                        <option value="IoT">
                IoT
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ijgi">
                ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="J">
                J
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jal">
                Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jcdd">
                Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jcto">
                Journal of Clinical &amp; Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jcm">
                Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jcs">
                Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jcp">
                Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jdad">
                Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jdb">
                Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jeta">
                Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jfb">
                Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jfmk">
                Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jof">
                Journal of Fungi (JoF)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jimaging">
                Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jintelligence">
                Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jlpea">
                Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jmmp">
                Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jmse">
                Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jmahp">
                Journal of Market Access &amp; Health Policy (JMAHP)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jmp">
                Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jnt">
                Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jne">
                Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ohbm">
                Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jop">
                Journal of Parks
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jpm">
                Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jpbi">
                Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jor">
                Journal of Respiration (JoR)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jrfm">
                Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jsan">
                Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="joma">
                Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jtaer">
                Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jvd">
                Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jox">
                Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="jzbg">
                Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="journalmedia">
                Journalism and Media
            </option>
             
                        <option value="kidneydial">
                Kidney and Dialysis
            </option>
             
                        <option value="kinasesphosphatases">
                Kinases and Phosphatases
            </option>
             
                        <option value="knowledge">
                Knowledge
            </option>
             
                        <option value="labmed">
                LabMed
            </option>
             
                        <option value="laboratories">
                Laboratories
            </option>
             
                        <option value="land">
                Land
            </option>
             
                        <option value="languages">
                Languages
            </option>
             
                        <option value="laws">
                Laws
            </option>
             
                        <option value="life">
                Life
            </option>
             
                        <option value="limnolrev">
                Limnological Review
            </option>
             
                        <option value="lipidology">
                Lipidology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="liquids">
                Liquids
            </option>
             
                        <option value="literature">
                Literature
            </option>
             
                        <option value="livers">
                Livers
            </option>
             
                        <option value="logics">
                Logics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="logistics">
                Logistics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="lubricants">
                Lubricants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="lymphatics">
                Lymphatics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="make">
                Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="machines">
                Machines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="macromol">
                Macromol
            </option>
             
                        <option value="magnetism">
                Magnetism
            </option>
             
                        <option value="magnetochemistry">
                Magnetochemistry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="marinedrugs">
                Marine Drugs
            </option>
             
                        <option value="materials">
                Materials
            </option>
             
                        <option value="materproc">
                Materials Proceedings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mca">
                Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mathematics">
                Mathematics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="medsci">
                Medical Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="msf">
                Medical Sciences Forum
            </option>
             
                        <option value="medicina">
                Medicina
            </option>
             
                        <option value="medicines">
                Medicines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="membranes">
                Membranes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="merits">
                Merits
            </option>
             
                        <option value="metabolites">
                Metabolites
            </option>
             
                        <option value="metals">
                Metals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="meteorology">
                Meteorology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="methane">
                Methane
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mps">
                Methods and Protocols (MPs)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="metrics">
                Metrics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="metrology">
                Metrology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="micro">
                Micro
            </option>
             
                        <option value="microbiolres">
                Microbiology Research
            </option>
             
                        <option value="micromachines">
                Micromachines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="microorganisms">
                Microorganisms
            </option>
             
                        <option value="microplastics">
                Microplastics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="minerals">
                Minerals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mining">
                Mining
            </option>
             
                        <option value="modelling">
                Modelling
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mmphys">
                Modern Mathematical Physics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="molbank">
                Molbank
            </option>
             
                        <option value="molecules">
                Molecules
            </option>
             
                        <option value="mti">
                Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="muscles">
                Muscles
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nanoenergyadv">
                Nanoenergy Advances
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nanomanufacturing">
                Nanomanufacturing
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nanomaterials">
                Nanomaterials
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ndt">
                NDT
            </option>
             
                        <option value="network">
                Network
            </option>
             
                        <option value="neuroglia">
                Neuroglia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="neurolint">
                Neurology International
            </option>
             
                        <option value="neurosci">
                NeuroSci
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nitrogen">
                Nitrogen
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ncrna">
                Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nursrep">
                Nursing Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nutraceuticals">
                Nutraceuticals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="nutrients">
                Nutrients
            </option>
             
                        <option value="obesities">
                Obesities
            </option>
             
                        <option value="oceans">
                Oceans
            </option>
             
                        <option value="onco">
                Onco
            </option>
             
                        <option value="optics">
                Optics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="oral">
                Oral
            </option>
             
                        <option value="organics">
                Organics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="organoids">
                Organoids
            </option>
             
                        <option value="osteology">
                Osteology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="oxygen">
                Oxygen
            </option>
             
                        <option value="parasitologia">
                Parasitologia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="particles">
                Particles
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pathogens">
                Pathogens
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pathophysiology">
                Pathophysiology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pediatrrep">
                Pediatric Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pets">
                Pets
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pharmaceuticals">
                Pharmaceuticals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pharmaceutics">
                Pharmaceutics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">
                Pharmacoepidemiology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pharmacy">
                Pharmacy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="philosophies">
                Philosophies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="photochem">
                Photochem
            </option>
             
                        <option value="photonics">
                Photonics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="phycology">
                Phycology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="physchem">
                Physchem
            </option>
             
                        <option value="psf">
                Physical Sciences Forum
            </option>
             
                        <option value="physics">
                Physics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="physiologia">
                Physiologia
            </option>
             
                        <option value="plants">
                Plants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="plasma">
                Plasma
            </option>
             
                        <option value="platforms">
                Platforms
            </option>
             
                        <option value="pollutants">
                Pollutants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="polymers">
                Polymers
            </option>
             
                        <option value="polysaccharides">
                Polysaccharides
            </option>
             
                        <option value="populations">
                Populations
            </option>
             
                        <option value="poultry">
                Poultry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="powders">
                Powders
            </option>
             
                        <option value="proceedings">
                Proceedings
            </option>
             
                        <option value="processes" selected="selected">
                Processes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="prosthesis">
                Prosthesis
            </option>
             
                        <option value="proteomes">
                Proteomes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="psychiatryint">
                Psychiatry International
            </option>
             
                        <option value="psychoactives">
                Psychoactives
            </option>
             
                        <option value="psycholint">
                Psychology International
            </option>
             
                        <option value="publications">
                Publications
            </option>
             
                        <option value="qubs">
                Quantum Beam Science (QuBS)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="quantumrep">
                Quantum Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="quaternary">
                Quaternary
            </option>
             
                        <option value="radiation">
                Radiation
            </option>
             
                        <option value="reactions">
                Reactions
            </option>
             
                        <option value="realestate">
                Real Estate
            </option>
             
                        <option value="receptors">
                Receptors
            </option>
             
                        <option value="recycling">
                Recycling
            </option>
             
                        <option value="rsee">
                Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="religions">
                Religions
            </option>
             
                        <option value="remotesensing">
                Remote Sensing
            </option>
             
                        <option value="reports">
                Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="reprodmed">
                Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="resources">
                Resources
            </option>
             
                        <option value="rheumato">
                Rheumato
            </option>
             
                        <option value="risks">
                Risks
            </option>
             
                        <option value="robotics">
                Robotics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="ruminants">
                Ruminants
            </option>
             
                        <option value="safety">
                Safety
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sci">
                Sci
            </option>
             
                        <option value="scipharm">
                Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sclerosis">
                Sclerosis
            </option>
             
                        <option value="seeds">
                Seeds
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sensors">
                Sensors
            </option>
             
                        <option value="separations">
                Separations
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sexes">
                Sexes
            </option>
             
                        <option value="signals">
                Signals
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sinusitis">
                Sinusitis
            </option>
             
                        <option value="smartcities">
                Smart Cities
            </option>
             
                        <option value="socsci">
                Social Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="siuj">
                Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="societies">
                Societies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="software">
                Software
            </option>
             
                        <option value="soilsystems">
                Soil Systems
            </option>
             
                        <option value="solar">
                Solar
            </option>
             
                        <option value="solids">
                Solids
            </option>
             
                        <option value="spectroscj">
                Spectroscopy Journal
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sports">
                Sports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="standards">
                Standards
            </option>
             
                        <option value="stats">
                Stats
            </option>
             
                        <option value="stresses">
                Stresses
            </option>
             
                        <option value="surfaces">
                Surfaces
            </option>
             
                        <option value="surgeries">
                Surgeries
            </option>
             
                        <option value="std">
                Surgical Techniques Development
            </option>
             
                        <option value="sustainability">
                Sustainability
            </option>
             
                        <option value="suschem">
                Sustainable Chemistry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="symmetry">
                Symmetry
            </option>
             
                        <option value="synbio">
                SynBio
            </option>
             
                        <option value="systems">
                Systems
            </option>
             
                        <option value="targets">
                Targets
            </option>
             
                        <option value="taxonomy">
                Taxonomy
            </option>
             
                        <option value="technologies">
                Technologies
            </option>
             
                        <option value="telecom">
                Telecom
            </option>
             
                        <option value="textiles">
                Textiles
            </option>
             
                        <option value="thalassrep">
                Thalassemia Reports
            </option>
             
                        <option value="therapeutics">
                Therapeutics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="thermo">
                Thermo
            </option>
             
                        <option value="timespace">
                Time and Space
            </option>
             
                        <option value="tomography">
                Tomography
            </option>
             
                        <option value="tourismhosp">
                Tourism and Hospitality
            </option>
             
                        <option value="toxics">
                Toxics
            </option>
             
                        <option value="toxins">
                Toxins
            </option>
             
                        <option value="transplantology">
                Transplantology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="traumacare">
                Trauma Care
            </option>
             
                        <option value="higheredu">
                Trends in Higher Education
            </option>
             
                        <option value="tropicalmed">
                Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="universe">
                Universe
            </option>
             
                        <option value="urbansci">
                Urban Science
            </option>
             
                        <option value="uro">
                Uro
            </option>
             
                        <option value="vaccines">
                Vaccines
            </option>
             
                        <option value="vehicles">
                Vehicles
            </option>
             
                        <option value="venereology">
                Venereology
            </option>
             
                        <option value="vetsci">
                Veterinary Sciences
            </option>
             
                        <option value="vibration">
                Vibration
            </option>
             
                        <option value="virtualworlds">
                Virtual Worlds
            </option>
             
                        <option value="viruses">
                Viruses
            </option>
             
                        <option value="vision">
                Vision
            </option>
             
                        <option value="waste">
                Waste
            </option>
             
                        <option value="water">
                Water
            </option>
             
                        <option value="wild">
                Wild
            </option>
             
                        <option value="wind">
                Wind
            </option>
             
                        <option value="women">
                Women
            </option>
             
                        <option value="world">
                World
            </option>
             
                        <option value="wevj">
                World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ)
            </option>
             
                        <option value="youth">
                Youth
            </option>
             
                        <option value="zoonoticdis">
                Zoonotic Diseases
            </option>
                    </select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="journal_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>
                Processes
            </span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" tabindex="3">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Article Type</div>
        </div>
                <select id="article_type" tabindex="-1" name="article_type" class="chosen-select" style="display: none;">
            <option value="">All Article Types</option>
                                        <option value="research-article">Article</option>
                            <option value="review-article">Review</option>
                            <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option>
                            <option value="editorial">Editorial</option>
                            <option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
                            <option value="book-review">Book Review</option>
                            <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option>
                            <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option>
                            <option value="case-report">Case Report</option>
                            <option value="clinicopathological-challenge">Clinicopathological Challenge</option>
                            <option value="article-commentary">Comment</option>
                            <option value="commentary">Commentary</option>
                            <option value="concept-paper">Concept Paper</option>
                            <option value="conference-report">Conference Report</option>
                            <option value="correction">Correction</option>
                            <option value="creative">Creative</option>
                            <option value="data-descriptor">Data Descriptor</option>
                            <option value="discussion">Discussion</option>
                            <option value="Entry">Entry</option>
                            <option value="essay">Essay</option>
                            <option value="expression-of-concern">Expression of Concern</option>
                            <option value="extended-abstract">Extended Abstract</option>
                            <option value="field-guide">Field Guide</option>
                            <option value="guidelines">Guidelines</option>
                            <option value="hypothesis">Hypothesis</option>
                            <option value="interesting-image">Interesting Images</option>
                            <option value="letter">Letter</option>
                            <option value="books-received">New Book Received</option>
                            <option value="obituary">Obituary</option>
                            <option value="opinion">Opinion</option>
                            <option value="perspective">Perspective</option>
                            <option value="proceedings">Proceeding Paper</option>
                            <option value="project-report">Project Report</option>
                            <option value="protocol">Protocol</option>
                            <option value="registered-report">Registered Report</option>
                            <option value="reply">Reply</option>
                            <option value="retraction">Retraction</option>
                            <option value="note">Short Note</option>
                            <option value="study-protocol">Study Protocol</option>
                            <option value="systematic_review">Systematic Review</option>
                            <option value="technical-note">Technical Note</option>
                            <option value="tutorial">Tutorial</option>
                            <option value="viewpoint">Viewpoint</option>
                    </select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="article_type_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>All Article Types</span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" tabindex="4">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
    
    </div>


                
            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns small-push-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-button-container">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</div>
                <input type="submit" id="search" value="Search" class="button button--dark button--full-width searchButton1 US_SearchButton" tabindex="12">
    
    </div>


            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-link-container">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</div>
            <a class="main-search-clear search-container__link" href="#" onclick="openAdvanced(''); return false;">Advanced<span class="show-for-small-only"> Search</span></a>
    
    </div>


        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="search-container__advanced" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0px; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="large-2 medium-2 columns show-for-medium-up">&nbsp;</div>
                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Section</div>
        </div>
                <select id="section" tabindex="-1" name="section" class="chosen-select" style="display: none;"><option value="">All Sections</option><option value="395">Advanced Digital and Other Processes</option><option value="1782">Automation Control Systems</option><option value="392">Biological Processes and Systems</option><option value="2082">Catalysis Enhanced Processes</option><option value="391">Chemical Processes and Systems</option><option value="1213">Energy Systems</option><option value="665">Environmental and Green Processes</option><option value="1192">Food Process Engineering</option><option value="1781">Manufacturing Processes and Systems</option><option value="393">Materials Processes</option><option value="2233">Particle Processes</option><option value="1225">Pharmaceutical Processes</option><option value="394">Process Control and Monitoring</option><option value="2232">Separation Processes</option><option value="2083">Sustainable Processes</option><option value="0">General</option></select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="section_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>All Sections</span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" tabindex="5">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns ">
        <div class="">
            <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Special Issue</div>
        </div>
                <select id="special_issue" tabindex="-1" name="special_issue" class="chosen-select" style="display: none;"><option value="">All Special Issues</option><option value="166009">Processes in 2023</option><option value="98206">10th Anniversary of Processes: Women's Special Issue Series</option><option value="222601">Advanced Research on Marine and Deep Oil &amp; Gas Development</option><option value="20233">Commemorative Issue to Celebrate the Life and Work of Prof. Roger W.H. Sargent</option><option value="224877">Evaluation and Utilization of Antioxidant Activity in Food Products</option><option value="10238">Feature Papers for the Fifth Year Anniversary of the Founding of Processes</option><option value="27963">Feature Review Papers</option><option value="78379">Feature Review Papers in Advanced Process Systems Engineering</option><option value="214956">Intelligent Prediction and Performance Optimization for Deep Underground Resource Excavation Process</option><option value="221100">Intelligent Process Control Techniques Used for Robotics</option><option value="222158">Low/Zero Carbon Fuels Production, Transportation, Storage and Utilization</option><option value="123657">Materials and Processing for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond</option><option value="7761">Process Data Analytics</option><option value="6965">Process System Engineering for More Efficient Power and Chemicals Production</option><option value="47816">Redesign Processes in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution</option><option value="165901">Selected Papers from the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Processes: Process Engineering—Current State and Future Trends (ECP2023)</option><option value="201752">Selected Papers from the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering (ECP 2024)</option><option value="101550">Selected Papers from the First International Electronic Conference on Processes: Processes System Innovation (ECP2022)</option></select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="special_issue_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>All Special Issues</span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" tabindex="6">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns ">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Volume</div>
                <input type="text" id="volume" tabindex="7" name="volume" placeholder="..." value="">
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns ">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Issue</div>
                <input type="text" id="issue" tabindex="8" name="issue" placeholder="..." value="">
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns ">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Number</div>
                <input type="text" id="number" tabindex="9" name="number" placeholder="..." value="">
    
    </div>


                
                <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns ">
        <div class="search-input-label" style="display: none;">Page</div>
                <input type="text" id="page" tabindex="10" name="page" placeholder="..." value="">
    
    </div>


            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns small-push-6 medium-reset order large-reset-order medium-reset-order js-search-expanded-button-container"></div>
            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-expanded-link-container"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>    

<form id="advanced-search" class="large-12 medium-12 columns">
    <div class="search-container__advanced">
        
        <div id="advanced-search-template" class="row advanced-search-row">

            <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns show-for-medium-up">&nbsp;</div>

            <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-3 columns connector-div">
                <div class="search-input-label"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Logical Operator</span><span class="show-for-small">Operator</span></div>
                <select class="connector">
                    <option value="and">AND</option>
                    <option value="or">OR</option>
                </select>
            </div>

            <div class="large-3 medium-3 small-6 columns search-text-div">
                <div class="search-input-label">Search Text</div>
                <input type="text" class="search-text" placeholder="Search text">
            </div>

            <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 columns search-field-div">
                <div class="search-input-label">Search Type</div>
                <select class="search-field">
                    <option value="all">All fields</option>
                                            
                    <option value="title">Title</option>
                                            
                    <option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
                                            
                    <option value="keywords">Keywords</option>
                                            
                    <option value="authors">Authors</option>
                                            
                    <option value="affiliations">Affiliations</option>
                                            
                    <option value="doi">Doi</option>
                                            
                    <option value="full_text">Full Text</option>
                                            
                    <option value="references">References</option>
                                    </select>
            </div>

            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-3 columns">
                <div class="search-input-label">&nbsp;</div>
                <div class="search-action-div">
                    <div class="search-plus">
                        <i class="material-icons">add_circle_outline</i>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="search-action-div">
                    <div class="search-minus">
                        <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i>
                                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 end columns">
                <div class="search-input-label">&nbsp;</div>
                <input class="advanced-search-button button button--dark search-submit" type="submit" value="Search">
            </div>
            <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns show-for-medium-up"></div>
        </div> 
    </div>
</form>

                                                                                                            </div>
                            
                            <div class="header-divider">&nbsp;</div>
                                <div class="breadcrumb row full-row">
                        <div style="position: absolute; right: 40px; z-index: 10; top: 5px;">
                
    
            <div class="iflogo1">
            <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100838131" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration: none;">
                <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journal_indexing_logos/CS_no_number.svg?62107aae53c39662?1734335954" class="iflogo2">
                <div class="iflogo1__citescore-number">5.1</div>
            </a>
        </div>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
            <div class="iflogo1">
            <a href="/journal/processes/stats" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration: none;">
                <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journal_indexing_logos/IF_no_number.svg?af8a884fb765d812?1734335954" class="iflogo2">
                <div class="iflogo1__if-number">2.8</div>
            </a>
        </div>
    
                </div>
            <div class="breadcrumb__element">
                <a href="/about/journals">Journals</a>
            </div>
        
    <div class="breadcrumb__element">
        <a href="#">Processes</a>
    </div>
    </div>
                                            </header>

                    <div id="main-content" class="">
                                                                        
                            <div class="row full-width" data-equalizer="three-columns">
                <div id="middle-column" class="content__column large-6 large-push-3 medium-6 medium-push-3 small-12 columns end middle-bordered">
            
                
            
        
    
                
    
    <div id="js-small-main-top-container">
            <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container">
            <a href="/journal/processes">
                <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="processes-logo" title="Processes" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;">
            </a>

            <div class="generic-item no-border" style="position: relative;">
                <div class="">
                                        <a class="button button--color button--color-journal button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_JournalSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?form[journal_id]=164" data-disabledmessage="creating new submissions is not possible.">
                        Submit to <i>Processes</i>                    </a> 

                    
                                            <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_JournalReviewButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer/journals/review" data-disabledmessage="volunteering as journal reviewer is not possible.">
                            Review for <em>Processes</em>
                        </a>

                                            
                                    </div>

                                    <div class="journal-share-links">
                        <div class="journal-share-links-social">
                            <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/Processes_MDPI">
                                    <svg width="25" height="26" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="padding: 6px;">
        <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="black"></path>
    </svg>

                            </a>
                            <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/ProcessesMDPI">
                                    <svg width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-left: 1px;">
        <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.1193 20.3917V13.0007H16.1262L16.3921 10.4537H14.1193L14.1228 9.17886C14.1228 8.51456 14.1848 8.15862 15.1233 8.15862H16.3779V5.61133H14.3708C11.96 5.61133
            11.1114 6.8469 11.1114 8.92474V10.4539H9.60864V13.0009H11.1114V20.3917H14.1193Z" fill="black"></path>
    </svg>

                            </a>
                            <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/processes-mdpi/">
                                    <svg width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
        <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.43155 10.0654H6.26343V19.5981H9.43155V10.0654Z" fill="black"></path>
        <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.64005 7.11532C9.61949 6.18065 8.95207 5.46875 7.86827 5.46875C6.78448 5.46875 6.07593 6.18065 6.07593 7.11532C6.07593 8.03064 6.76353 8.76304 7.82715 8.76304H7.84739C8.95207 8.76304 9.64005 8.03064 9.64005 7.11532Z" fill="black"></path>
        <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.8571 14.1306C20.8571 11.2026 19.2942 9.83984 17.2094 9.83984C15.5274 9.83984 14.7743 10.7651 14.3538 11.4142V10.0639H11.1853C11.2271 10.9584 11.1853 19.5966 11.1853 19.5966H14.3538V14.2728C14.3538 13.9879 14.3744 13.7037 14.4581 13.4997C14.6871 12.9305 15.2084 12.3412 16.0837 12.3412C17.2306 12.3412 17.689 13.2154 17.689 14.4964V19.5964H20.857L20.8571 14.1306Z" fill="black"></path>
    </svg>

                            </a>
                        </div>

                        <div class="journal-share-links-generic">
                            <a class="button button--color button--full-width UA_JournalShareButtons" href="#" data-reveal-id="main-share-modal">
                                Share
                            </a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                            </div>

            <div class="generic-item condensed-small UI_JournalMenu">
                <h2 class="show-for-medium-up">Journal Menu</h2>

                <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-journal-menu show-for-small">
                    <span class="closed">►</span>
                    <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span>
                    Journal Menu
                </a>

                                <ul class="accordion__dummy accordion__menu hide-small-down-initially" style="margin-top: 10px;">
                    <li class="accordion-navigation accordion-navigation__journal">
                        <ul>
                            
<li class="side-menu-li active ">
    <a href="/journal/processes"><em>Processes</em> Home
    </a>
</li>

<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/about">Aims &amp; Scope</a>
</li>

<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/editors">
                                    Editorial Board
                        </a>
</li>



<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/submission_reviewers">Reviewer Board</a>
</li>

<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/topical_advisory_panel">Topical Advisory Panel</a>
</li>



<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a>
</li>


    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/special_issues">Special Issues</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li">
        <a href="/topics?journal=processes">Topics</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/sections">Sections &amp; Collections</a>
    </li>


<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/apc">Article Processing Charge</a>
</li>

<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/indexing">Indexing &amp; Archiving</a>
</li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/editors_choice">Editor’s Choice Articles</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/most_cited">Most Cited &amp; Viewed</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/stats">Journal Statistics</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/history">Journal History</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/awards">Journal Awards</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/societies">Society Collaborations</a>
    </li>

    <li class="side-menu-li  ">
        <a href="/journal/processes/events">Conferences</a>
    </li>

<li class="side-menu-li  ">
    <a href="/journal/processes/editorial_office">Editorial Office</a>
</li>



                        </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>

                                                <h2 class="show-for-medium-up">Journal Browser</h2>
                    <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-journal-browser show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
                        <span class="closed">►</span>
                        <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span>
                        Journal Browser
                    </a>
                    <div class="show-for-medium-up">
                        








<div class="generic-item last-item no-border">
    <form method="post" action="/journal/processes" id="qckvi" onsubmit="return !$('#journal-browser-go').hasClass('button--grey');">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Volume">
            <select id="journal-browser-volume" name="volume" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; display: none;" class="chosen-select">
                <option value="" data-id="0">volume</option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="12">
                12
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="11">
                11
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="10">
                10
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="9">
                9
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="8">
                8
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="7">
                7
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="6">
                6
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="5">
                5
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="4">
                4
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="3">
                3
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="2">
                2
                </option>
                                <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="processes" value="1">
                1
                </option>
                            </select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="journal_browser_volume_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>volume</span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Issue">
            <select id="journal-browser-issue" name="issue" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; display: none;" class="chosen-select">
                <option value="" class="volume-0">issue</option>
                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-12" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-11" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-10" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-9" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-8" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-7" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                <option value="5" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                5                </option>
                                <option value="6" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                6                </option>
                                <option value="7" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                7                </option>
                                <option value="8" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                8                </option>
                                <option value="9" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                9                </option>
                                <option value="10" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                10                </option>
                                <option value="11" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                11                </option>
                                <option value="12" class="volume-6" style="display: none;">
                12                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-5" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-5" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-5" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-5" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-4" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-4" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-4" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-4" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-3" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-3" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-3" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-3" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-2" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-2" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-2" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                <option value="4" class="volume-2" style="display: none;">
                4                </option>
                                 
                                <option value="1" class="volume-1" style="display: none;">
                1                </option>
                                <option value="2" class="volume-1" style="display: none;">
                2                </option>
                                <option value="3" class="volume-1" style="display: none;">
                3                </option>
                                            </select><div class="chosen-container chosen-container-single" title="" id="journal_browser_issue_chosen" style="width: 100%;"><a class="chosen-single">
  <span>issue</span>
  <div><b></b></div>
</a>
<div class="chosen-drop UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options">
  <div class="chosen-search">
    <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off">
  </div>
  <ul class="chosen-results"></ul>
</div></div>
        </div>
        <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="YD5u-u_hvjqcKuKRkcDkmRjchzdR2xte3VU7qzD4-4c">
        <input type="hidden" id="journal-browser-namesystem" name="namesystem" value="processes">
        <input type="hidden" name="getIssueByVI" value="1">
        <input type="submit" id="journal-browser-go" value="Go" style="" class="button button--grey button--full-width UI_JournalBrowser_GoButton">
    </form>
    <div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div>
    
<div class="generic-item last-item first-item no-border">
    <ul class="side-menu-ul">
                    <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__padded">
                                    <a href="/2227-9717/12/12">
                        <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block">
                            arrow_forward_ios
                        </i>
                        <strong>Forthcoming issue</strong>
                    </a>
                    <br>
                
                                    <a href="/2227-9717/12/11">
                        <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block">
                            arrow_forward_ios
                        </i>
                        <strong>Current issue</strong>
                    </a>
                            </li>
        
        <div class="show-for-medium-up">
            <div class="">
                
                                    <div class="journal-browser-volumes ">
                        
                                                                                    
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/12">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;12&nbsp;(2024)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/11">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;11&nbsp;(2023)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/10">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;10&nbsp;(2022)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/9">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;9&nbsp;(2021)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/8">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;8&nbsp;(2020)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/7">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;7&nbsp;(2019)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/6">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;6&nbsp;(2018)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/5">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;5&nbsp;(2017)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/4">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;4&nbsp;(2016)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/3">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;3&nbsp;(2015)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/2">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;2&nbsp;(2014)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                                                                                 
                                
                                
                                 <li class="side-menu-li">
                                     <a href="/2227-9717/1">
                                         Vol.&nbsp;1&nbsp;(2013)                                                                              </a>
                                 </li>

                                                                                     
                                                                    </div>
                            </div>
        </div>
    </ul>
</div>
                    </div>
                                    </div></div>

            <div class="content__container content__container__orbit ">
            
    <div id="title-story" class=""> 
        <div class="orbit-container"><ul class="title-story-orbit orbit-slides-container" data-orbit="" style="height: 391px;">
                            <li class="active">
                    <a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2514">
                        <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17344017188958.jpg?1734335954" alt="Exploring Recent Advances in Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste Delignification Through the Combined Use of Eutectic Solvents and Intensification Techniques">
                        <div class="orbit-caption">
                                                        Exploring Recent Advances in Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste Delignification Through the Combined Use of Eutectic Solvents and Intensification Techniques
                        </div>
                    </a>
                </li>
                            <li class="" style="">
                    <a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2376">
                        <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17343296863143.jpg?1734335954" alt="Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Parabolic Trough and Linear Fresnel Collectors with Evacuated and Non-Evacuated Receiver Tubes in Different Geographical Regions">
                        <div class="orbit-caption">
                                                        Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Parabolic Trough and Linear Fresnel Collectors with Evacuated and Non-Evacuated Receiver Tubes in Different Geographical Regions
                        </div>
                    </a>
                </li>
                            <li class="" style="">
                    <a href="/2227-9717/12/10/2191">
                        <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17325199452353.jpg?1734335954" alt="Modelling Approach for the Continuous Biocatalytic Synthesis of <em>N</em>-Acetylneuraminic Acid in Packed Bed Reactors">
                        <div class="orbit-caption">
                                                        Modelling Approach for the Continuous Biocatalytic Synthesis of <em>N</em>-Acetylneuraminic Acid in Packed Bed Reactors
                        </div>
                    </a>
                </li>
             
        </ul><a href="#" class="orbit-prev"><span></span></a><a href="#" class="orbit-next"><span></span></a><div class="orbit-timer"><span></span><div class="orbit-progress" style="overflow: hidden; width: 51.475%;"></div></div><div class="orbit-slide-number"><span>1</span> of <span>3</span></div><div class="orbit-bullets-container"><ol class="orbit-bullets"><li data-orbit-slide="0" class="active"></li><li data-orbit-slide="1"></li><li data-orbit-slide="2"></li></ol></div></div>
    </div>
        </div>
    
    
    <div class="content__container">

        <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link show-for-small-only">
            <h2 class="no-padding-left no-margin">Journal Description</h2>
        </div>

        <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
            <div class="journal__description">

                <h1>
                    <em>Processes</em>
                                    </h1>

                <div class="journal__description__content">
                    <em>Processes</em> 
                    is an international,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>,&nbsp;open access journal on processes/systems in chemistry, biology, material, energy, environment, food, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, automation control, catalysis, separation, particle and allied engineering fields published monthly online by MDPI. The <a href="http://systemscanada.org/">Systems and Control Division of the Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (CSChE S&amp;C Division)</a>&nbsp; and the <a href="http://www.abeq.org.br">Brazilian Association of Chemical Engineering (ABEQ)</a> are affiliated with <em>Processes</em> and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges. Please visit <a class="external" href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/societies">Society Collaborations</a> for more details.<br>
<ul>
<li><strong><span class="label openaccess"><a title="Open Access" href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></span></strong>— free for readers, with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/apc">article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li>
<li><strong>High Visibility:</strong>&nbsp;indexed within <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100838131">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results?issn=2227-9717&amp;hide_exact_match_fl=true&amp;utm_source=mjl&amp;utm_medium=share-by-link&amp;utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal">SCIE (Web of Science)</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.engineeringvillage.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ei Compendex</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://inspec-direct-app.theiet.org/">Inspec</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://agris.fao.org/">AGRIS</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/indexing">other databases</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Journal Rank:</strong>&nbsp;JCR&nbsp;-&nbsp;Q2 (Engineering, Chemical) /&nbsp;CiteScore&nbsp;- Q2 (Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous))</li>
<li><strong>Rapid Publication:</strong> manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first
                decision is provided to authors approximately 14.4 days after submission; acceptance
                to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in
                this journal in the first half of 2024).</li>
<li><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.</li>
</ul>
                </div>

                <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;">
                                            <strong>Impact Factor:</strong> 
                        2.8 (2023);
                        5-Year Impact Factor: 
                        3.0 (2023)
                                    </div>

                <div>
                    <a href="/journal/processes/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton">
                        <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i>
                        Imprint Information
                    </a>

                                            &nbsp;&nbsp;
                        <a href="/journal/processes/processes_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer">
                            <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i>
                            Journal Flyer
                        </a>
                    
                    &nbsp; &nbsp;
                    <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess">
                        <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i>
                        Open Access
                    </a>

                    &nbsp; &nbsp;
                    <strong>
                    ISSN: 2227-9717
                    </strong>
                </div>

                                <div style="clear: both;"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial">
        <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active">
            <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2>
        </div>

        <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content">
                        <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                <div class="generic-item article-item no-border">
                    





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                8 pages,                1950 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2898/pdf?version=1734515118" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Creation of Flexible Heterogeneously-Doped Carbon Nanotube Paper PN Diodes to Enhance Thermoelectric and Photovoltaic Effects" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Communication</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2898">Creation of Flexible Heterogeneously-Doped Carbon Nanotube Paper PN Diodes to Enhance Thermoelectric and Photovoltaic Effects</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jih-Hsin Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chen-Yu Yen</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2898; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122898 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of flexible PN diode devices using phosphorus- and boron-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, also known as Buckypaper (BP). The BP substrate is fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doped with phosphorus and boron to form
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2898/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of flexible PN diode devices using phosphorus- and boron-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, also known as Buckypaper (BP). The BP substrate is fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doped with phosphorus and boron to form N-type and P-type semiconductors, respectively. Various experimental techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are employed to analyze the properties of the doped BP. The results reveal that the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics preliminarily exhibit the basic electrical properties of a diode after doping with P-type and N-type carriers. Subsequently, optimized vertical stacking combined with parallel electrode configurations for the BP diode devices demonstrates that vertical series stacking gradually enhances the thermoelectric voltage, while horizontal parallel connections approximately scale up the thermoelectric and photovoltaic voltages proportionally. The findings underscore the critical role of creating heterogeneously doped CNT-paper PN junction electric fields in improving the performance of carbon-based semiconductor devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these directionally oriented energy devices, when stacked, can form modular systems with enhanced efficiency. This work highlights the potential of flexible carbon material-based devices for advanced thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2898">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/CKD3GPBS8S
">New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2898/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546455"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546455"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546455" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546455" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546455" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546455-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g001-550.jpg?1734515203" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546455" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g002-550.jpg?1734515205'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g003-550.jpg?1734515206'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g004-550.jpg?1734515209'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546455-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g001-550.jpg?1734515203" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546455-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g001-550.jpg?1734515203" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>) Flexible Buckypaper fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), (<b>b</b>) Raman spectrum of Buckypaper doped with 5% boron oxide and 7.5% phosphorus oxide.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2898'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g002-550.jpg?1734515205" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>) SEM image and EDS compositional analysis of Buckypaper doped with 5% boron oxide, (<b>b</b>) SEM image and EDS compositional analysis of Buckypaper doped with 7.5% phosphorus oxide.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2898'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g003-550.jpg?1734515206" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>) Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the Buckypaper PN diode, (<b>b</b>) Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2898'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02898/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02898-g004-550.jpg?1734515209" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>) Thermoelectric voltage of the PN diode Buckypaper under different series configurations, (<b>b</b>) Thermoelectric voltage measurement System, (<b>c</b>) Photoresponse under different configurations, (<b>d</b>) Photovoltaic measurement system.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2898'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="extending-content content-ready" style="display: none;">
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                18 pages,                7502 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2897/pdf?version=1734514468" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Influence of Stability in New Power Systems with the Addition of Phase Modulation Functions in Thermal Power Units" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2897">The Influence of Stability in New Power Systems with the Addition of Phase Modulation Functions in Thermal Power Units</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingyang Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chunsun Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaoling Yuan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chenghao Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ze Gao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Di Zhang</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2897; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122897 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            The addition of phase modulation function technology to thermal power units is one of the most effective measures to solve dynamic reactive power shortages in the construction process of new power systems. In this paper, the influence of the phase modulation function transformation
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2897/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            The addition of phase modulation function technology to thermal power units is one of the most effective measures to solve dynamic reactive power shortages in the construction process of new power systems. In this paper, the influence of the phase modulation function transformation of thermal power units on the stability of a new power system is studied. Firstly, the new power system stability index is deeply analyzed, and an evaluation system for power system transient stability is constructed from five key dimensions: transient voltage, static voltage, power angle stability, power flow characteristics, and grid support. Secondly, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method considering the subjective and objective comprehensive weights is proposed, and the influence of the phase modulation transformation of the thermal power unit on the stability of the receiving-end power grid is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, a CEPRI36 node example model was built based on the PSASP v.7.91.04.9258 (China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China) platform to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can quantitatively analyze the impact of adding a phase modulation function to thermal power units on the stability of the power system. At the point of renewable energy connection, the static voltage stability index improved by 42.9%, the transient power angle stability index improved by 32.1%, the multi-feed effective short-circuit ratio index improved by 33.9%, and the comprehensive evaluation score improved by 14.7%. These results further indicate that adding a phase modulation function to thermal power units can provide a large amount of dynamic reactive power support and improve the voltage stability and operational flexibility of the system.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2897">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/945Y00E134
">Operation and Control of New Power System with Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2897/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546437"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546437"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546437" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546437" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546437" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546437-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g001-550.jpg?1734514531" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546437" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g002-550.jpg?1734514532'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g003-550.jpg?1734514533'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g004-550.jpg?1734514537'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g005-550.jpg?1734514540'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g006-550.jpg?1734514541'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g007-550.jpg?1734514542'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g008-550.jpg?1734514543'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g009-550.jpg?1734514544'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1546437-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g010-550.jpg?1734514544'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546437-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g001-550.jpg?1734514531" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546437-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g001-550.jpg?1734514531" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Weighted quantization analysis based on multi-binary tables.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g002-550.jpg?1734514532" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Weighted quantitative analysis based on multiple binary criteria.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g003-550.jpg?1734514533" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>A typical PV curve of load bus.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g004-550.jpg?1734514537" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The flowchart of stability evaluation index system construction for receiving-end power grid.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g005-550.jpg?1734514540" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The flowchart of the evaluation methodology for the stability of the receiving-end power grid.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g006-550.jpg?1734514541" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Construction of membership function model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g007-550.jpg?1734514542" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>CEPRI36-node topology geographical wiring diagram including renewable energy AC/DC system. The red line represents the 500 kV bus voltage and the green line represents the 220 kV bus voltage in <a href=&quot;#processes-12-02897-f007&quot; class=&quot;html-fig&quot;>Figure 7</a>.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g008-550.jpg?1734514543" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of stability evaluation indices and scores of the system before unit retrofitting.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g009-550.jpg?1734514544" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of stability evaluation indices and scores of the system after unit retrofitting.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02897/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02897-g010-550.jpg?1734514544" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comprehensive evaluation scores of system stability before and after unit retrofitting.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2897'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                18 pages,                8443 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2896/pdf?version=1734512888" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Modified Cross-Linkers on the Rheology of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids and Reservoir Water Environment" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2896">Effects of Modified Cross-Linkers on the Rheology of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids and Reservoir Water Environment</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hua Song</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Junyi Liu</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2896; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122896 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Improving the chemical structure of the cross-linker is a potential method for reducing reservoir pollution and enhancing the fracturing efficiency of shale reservoirs. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3-D) spherical cross-linker comprising branched chains was synthesized, and the 3-D structure of the cross-linker
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2896/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Improving the chemical structure of the cross-linker is a potential method for reducing reservoir pollution and enhancing the fracturing efficiency of shale reservoirs. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3-D) spherical cross-linker comprising branched chains was synthesized, and the 3-D structure of the cross-linker was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, we constructed a multifunctional coupled collaborative evaluation device that can be used to evaluate numerous properties associated with water-based fracturing fluids, including fluid viscosity, adsorption capacity, and water pollution. Meanwhile, the influence of varying reservoir conditions and cross-linker content on the fluid viscosity of water-based fracturing fluids and the potential for reservoir contamination has been evaluated and elucidated. The results indicated that the synthesized cross-linker exhibited a superior environmental protection of the shale reservoir and an enhanced capacity for thickening fracturing fluids in comparison to commercial cross-linkers. Moreover, cross-linker content, reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, and fracture width can affect fluid viscosity and reservoir residual in different trends. The addition of 0.3% nano-cross-linker (Synthetic products) to a water-based fracturing fluid resulted in an apparent viscosity of 160 mPa·s at 200 °C, and the adsorption capacity and water content of the shale reservoir were only 0.22 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.05 µg/L, respectively. Additionally, an elevation in reservoir temperature resulted in a reduction in the adsorption capacity. However, the cross-linker content in groundwater underwent a notable increase, and the cross-linker residue in water increased by 0.009 µg/L. The impact of reservoir pressure on fluid viscosity and groundwater pollution potential exhibited an inverse correlation compared to that of reservoir temperature, and the above two parameters changed by +18 mPa·s and −0.012 µg/L, respectively. This investigation provides basic data support for the efficient fracturing and reservoir protection of shale reservoirs.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2896">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/G57549I908
">Environmentally Friendly Production of Energy from Natural Gas Hydrates</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2896/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546392"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546392"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546392" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546392" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546392" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546392-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g001-550.jpg?1734513028" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546392" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g002-550.jpg?1734513029'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g003-550.jpg?1734513031'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g004-550.jpg?1734513032'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g005-550.jpg?1734513034'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g006-550.jpg?1734513036'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g007-550.jpg?1734513037'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g008-550.jpg?1734513038'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g009-550.jpg?1734513039'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g010-550.jpg?1734513041'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1546392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g011-550.jpg?1734513042'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546392-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g001-550.jpg?1734513028" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546392-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g001-550.jpg?1734513028" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Multifunctional coupling evaluation device for water-based fracturing fluid.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g002-550.jpg?1734513029" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Adsorption and content evaluation of cross-linkers in shale reservoir cracks. (<b>a</b>) Adsorption process of cross−linker in shale reservoir. (<b>b</b>) Assessment of cross−linker content in groundwater.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g003-550.jpg?1734513031" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Synthesis process (<b>a</b>) and chemical characterization methods (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) of nano-cross-linkers.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g004-550.jpg?1734513032" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The effect of different cross-linker contents on the rheology and water pollution of water-based fracturing fluids (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g005-550.jpg?1734513034" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of the interaction of cross-linkers with reservoir rocks and groundwater solubility.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g006-550.jpg?1734513036" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The effect of different reservoir temperatures on the rheology (<b>a</b>), water pollution (<b>b</b>), and rock adsorption (<b>c</b>) of water-based fracturing fluids.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g007-550.jpg?1734513037" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Microscopic mechanism of reservoir temperature on molecular activity and interaction.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g008-550.jpg?1734513038" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Effect trend of different reservoir pressures on the viscosity of the water-based fracturing fluid (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g009-550.jpg?1734513039" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Effects of different reservoir pressures on the interactions between cross-linkers and molecules and changes in microstructure.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g010-550.jpg?1734513041" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Fluid viscosity under the interaction of different reservoir temperatures and reservoir pressures.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02896/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02896-g011-550.jpg?1734513042" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Effect of reservoir fracture width on the performance of water-based fracturing fluid (<b>a</b>) and microscopic mechanism analysis (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2896'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                14 pages,                3929 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2895/pdf?version=1734513447" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Study on the Damping Performance of the Arrangement of Half-Bowl Spherical Structure Under Impact Velocity" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2895">Study on the Damping Performance of the Arrangement of Half-Bowl Spherical Structure Under Impact Velocity</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jian Ma</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kun Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiangjun Meng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Canguang Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingchao Du</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiangjun Kong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dan Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liangsong Huang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ran Yi</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2895; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122895 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            During mine excavation, rock wall collapse can pose a safety risk to miners. Reasonably designed support equipment can prevent collapse and ensure a safe working environment. In this paper, a new half-bowl spherical rubber structure is introduced and modeled using Abaqus to study
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2895/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            During mine excavation, rock wall collapse can pose a safety risk to miners. Reasonably designed support equipment can prevent collapse and ensure a safe working environment. In this paper, a new half-bowl spherical rubber structure is introduced and modeled using Abaqus to study its damping ability under different impact energies. By comparing the support reaction forces and pressures of the A-S, R-S, and C-S structures, we find that the R-S structure, with a smaller number of half-bowl spheres, has superior energy absorption abilities and impact resistance. These findings support the designing and manufacturing of mining support equipment.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2895">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/Energy_Systems">Energy Systems</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2895/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546341"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546341"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546341" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546341" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546341" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546341-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g001-550.jpg?1734513519" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546341" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g002-550.jpg?1734513521'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g003-550.jpg?1734513522'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g004-550.jpg?1734513524'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g005-550.jpg?1734513526'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g006-550.jpg?1734513527'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g007-550.jpg?1734513529'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g008-550.jpg?1734513530'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g009-550.jpg?1734513531'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1546341-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g010-550.jpg?1734513532'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546341-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g001-550.jpg?1734513519" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546341-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g001-550.jpg?1734513519" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Overhead hydraulic support in the form of a roadway.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g002-550.jpg?1734513521" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Installation of a half-bowl ball shock-absorbing rubber sandwich and its overall structure.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g003-550.jpg?1734513522" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Three forms of half-bowl ball rubber sandwich. (<b>a</b>) Arrayed structure. (A-S), (<b>b</b>) ring structure (R-S), and (<b>c</b>) conventional structure (C-S).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g004-550.jpg?1734513524" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Simulation model of the energy-absorbing device of the half-bowl ball.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g005-550.jpg?1734513526" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Experimental test bench and its schematic diagram.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g006-550.jpg?1734513527" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dynamic response cloud of the A-S cushioning and energy-absorbing structure at different impact velocities: (<b>a1</b>–<b>a3</b>) 20 m/s, (<b>b1</b>–<b>b3</b>) 35 m/s, (<b>c1</b>–<b>c3</b>) 50 m/s and (<b>d1</b>–<b>d3</b>) 64 m/s.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g007-550.jpg?1734513529" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dynamic response cloud of the R-S cushioning and energy-absorbing structure at different impact velocities: (<b>a1</b>–<b>a3</b>) 20 m/s, (<b>b1</b>–<b>b3</b>) 35 m/s, (<b>c1</b>–<b>c3</b>) 50 m/s and (<b>d1</b>–<b>d3</b>) 64 m/s.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g008-550.jpg?1734513530" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dynamic response cloud of the C-S cushioning and energy-absorbing structure at impact velocities of 64 m/s.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g009-550.jpg?1734513531" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Support reactions in A-S and R-S structures for different impact velocities: (<b>a1</b>–<b>a4</b>) is the support reaction force of A-S structure at impact velocities of 20 m/s, 35 m/s, 50 m/s and 64 m/s, (<b>b1</b>–<b>b4</b>) is the support reaction force of R-S structure at impact velocities of 20 m/s, 35 m/s, 50 m/s and 64 m/s.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02895/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02895-g010-550.jpg?1734513532" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of the simulation and experimental data of R-S structure at an impact velocity of 64 m/s.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2895'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                11 pages,                2599 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2894/pdf?version=1734499063" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Investigation of the Effect of Casing-to-Wellbore Clearance on Equivalent Circulating Density During Casing Running" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2894">Investigation of the Effect of Casing-to-Wellbore Clearance on Equivalent Circulating Density During Casing Running</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chen Hao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yucong Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuqiang Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lubin Zhuo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weifeng Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ping Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ming Ren</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2894; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122894 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            As drilling depth increases, the demand for a multi-layer wellbore structure grows. However, with the upper wellbore diameter fixed, reducing the casing-to-wellbore clearance becomes necessary to increase the number of casing strings. This poses a significant challenge to maintaining adequate casing-to-wellbore clearance. However,
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2894/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            As drilling depth increases, the demand for a multi-layer wellbore structure grows. However, with the upper wellbore diameter fixed, reducing the casing-to-wellbore clearance becomes necessary to increase the number of casing strings. This poses a significant challenge to maintaining adequate casing-to-wellbore clearance. However, in actual drilling operations, the casing-to-wellbore clearance cannot be continuously reduced. Equivalent circulating density (ECD) during running casing becomes a critical factor to consider. When the casing-to-wellbore clearance is too small, excessive surge pressures can occur, increasing the risk of lost circulation. In this study, a surge pressure calculation model was developed for the casing running process to analyze the variation in ECD under 10,000 m well conditions in China. Focusing on key formations with narrow density windows, the effects of different casing-to-wellbore clearances on ECD were evaluated. The analysis determined that under the constraints of fracture pressure, the minimum allowable casing-to-wellbore clearance for this casing string is 27 mm. Subsequently, using response surface methodology, a fitting formula was derived to describe the relationship between the selected variables—drilling fluid density, casing running speed, and casing-to-wellbore clearance—and the ECD during casing operations. This provides a theoretical basis for the optimal matching of casing-to-wellbore clearance.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2894">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/Energy_Systems">Energy Systems</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2894/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546194"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546194"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546194" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546194" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546194" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546194-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g001-550.jpg?1734499230" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546194" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g002-550.jpg?1734499231'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g003-550.jpg?1734499231'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g004-550.jpg?1734499232'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1546194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g005-550.jpg?1734499233'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1546194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g006-550.jpg?1734499235'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546194-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g001-550.jpg?1734499230" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546194-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g001-550.jpg?1734499230" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Wellbore hydraulic model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g002-550.jpg?1734499231" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Method of typical line.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g003-550.jpg?1734499231" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The connection of pipes in series.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g004-550.jpg?1734499232" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>ECD profile during casing running under different casing-to-wellbore clearance.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g005-550.jpg?1734499233" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Studentized residual values of casing ECD.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02894/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02894-g006-550.jpg?1734499235" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Response surface plots of each interaction on ECD. (<b>a</b>) response surface plot of the interaction between drilling fluid density and casing running speed; (<b>b</b>) response surface plot of the interaction between drilling fluid density and casing-to-wellbore clearance; (<b>c</b>) response surface plot of the interaction between casing running speed and casing-to-wellbore clearance.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2894'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                13 pages,                1316 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2893/pdf?version=1734497871" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Optimization Operation Strategy for Comprehensive Energy System Considering Multi-Mode Hydrogen Transportation" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2893">Optimization Operation Strategy for Comprehensive Energy System Considering Multi-Mode Hydrogen Transportation</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qingming Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhengkun Zhou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jingyan Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dan Zheng</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongbo Zou</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2893; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122893 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 18 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            The transformation from a fossil fuel economy to a low-carbon economy has reshaped the way energy is transmitted. As most renewable energy is obtained in the form of electricity, using green electricity to produce hydrogen is considered a promising energy carrier. However, most
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2893/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            The transformation from a fossil fuel economy to a low-carbon economy has reshaped the way energy is transmitted. As most renewable energy is obtained in the form of electricity, using green electricity to produce hydrogen is considered a promising energy carrier. However, most studies have not considered the transportation mode of hydrogen. In order to encourage the utilization of renewable energy and hydrogen, this paper proposes a comprehensive energy system optimization operation strategy considering multi-mode hydrogen transport. Firstly, to address the shortcomings in the optimization operation of existing systems regarding hydrogen transport, modeling is conducted for multi-mode hydrogen transportation through hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines. This model reflects the impact of multi-mode hydrogen delivery channels on hydrogen utilization, which helps promote the consumption of new energy in electrolysis cells to meet application demands. Based on this, the constraints of electrolyzers, combined heat and power units, hydrogen fuel cells, and energy storage systems in integrated energy systems (IESs) are further considered. With the objective of minimizing the daily operational cost of the comprehensive energy system, an optimization model for the operation considering multi-mode hydrogen transport is constructed. Lastly, based on simulation examples, the impact of multi-mode hydrogen transportation on the operational cost of the system is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can reduce the operational cost of the comprehensive energy system. Hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines will have a significant impact on operational costs. Properly allocating the quantity of hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines is beneficial for reducing the operational costs of the system. Reasonable arrangement of hydrogen transportation channels is conducive to further promoting the green and economic operation of the system.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2893">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
                    (This article belongs to the Topic <a href="/topics/E7VJ98I6QG">Advances in Power Science and Technology, 2nd Edition</a>)<br>
        
        
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2893/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1546190"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1546190"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1546190" data-cycle-prev="#prev1546190" data-cycle-progressive="#images1546190" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546190-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g001-550.jpg?1734498033" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1546190" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1546190-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g002-550.jpg?1734498035'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1546190-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g003-550.jpg?1734498037'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1546190-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g004-550.jpg?1734498039'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1546190-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g001-550.jpg?1734498033" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1546190-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g001-550.jpg?1734498033" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>System structure diagram of integrated energy system considering multi-mode transportation of hydrogen.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2893'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g002-550.jpg?1734498035" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of hydrogen production power for various schemes.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2893'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g003-550.jpg?1734498037" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of hydrogen transmission under various cases.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2893'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02893/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02893-g004-550.jpg?1734498039" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison of system operation costs under various hydrogen energy pathways.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2893'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                17 pages,                3789 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2892/pdf?version=1734447090" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Automated Dual-Side Leather Defect Detection and Classification Using YOLOv11: A Case Study in the Finished Leather Industry" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2892">Automated Dual-Side Leather Defect Detection and Classification Using YOLOv11: A Case Study in the Finished Leather Industry</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikola Banduka</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Katarina Tomić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jovan Živadinović</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marko Mladineo</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2892; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122892">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122892</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            This study explores the optimization of leather defect detection through the advanced YOLOv11 model, addressing long-standing challenges in quality control within the leather industry. Traditional inspection methods, reliant on human accuracy ranging between 70% and 85%, have limited leather utilization rates and contributed
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2892/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            This study explores the optimization of leather defect detection through the advanced YOLOv11 model, addressing long-standing challenges in quality control within the leather industry. Traditional inspection methods, reliant on human accuracy ranging between 70% and 85%, have limited leather utilization rates and contributed to substantial material waste. To overcome these limitations, we developed an automated solution leveraging controlled environmental conditions within a custom-designed light chamber. This research specifically targets common defects in leather, such as insect larvae damage and removal cuts, by analyzing both the grain and flesh sides of the material. The results reveal a notable improvement in detection accuracy on the flesh side, achieving 93.5% for grubs and 91.8% for suckout, compared to 85.8% and 87.1% on the grain side. Classification accuracy further demonstrates the advantage of dual-side analysis, with the flesh side reaching 98.2% for grubs and 97.6% for suckout, significantly outperforming the grain side. The dual-side methodology, combined with YOLOv11’s enhanced capabilities, enables the precise identification of subtle defects and offers a transformative approach to leather defect detection. By integrating cutting-edge AI models with standardized digitization environments, this research presents a scalable, highly efficient solution that reduces human error, optimizes leather utilization, and supports industrial sustainability.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2892">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/77SU631C2P
">Applications of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Energy, Manufacturing and Automatic Control Processes</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2892/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545963"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545963"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545963" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545963" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545963" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545963-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g001-550.jpg?1734447230" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545963" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g002-550.jpg?1734447231'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g003-550.jpg?1734447234'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g004-550.jpg?1734447237'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g005-550.jpg?1734447238'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g006-550.jpg?1734447240'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545963-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g007-550.jpg?1734447242'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545963-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g001-550.jpg?1734447230" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545963-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g001-550.jpg?1734447230" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Architectural overview of the YOLOv11 model (v11 innovations are marked with *).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g002-550.jpg?1734447231" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Digitization environment named Prototype P2-24.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g003-550.jpg?1734447234" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Example of an enlarged annotated image of grain (<b>left</b>) and flesh (<b>right</b>) leather sides showing a defect named <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>grubs</span> (larval damage).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g004-550.jpg?1734447237" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Example of an enlarged annotated image of grain (<b>left</b>) and flesh (<b>right</b>) leather sides showing a defect named <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>suckout</span> (cut damage).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g005-550.jpg?1734447238" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Normalized confusion matrices for the grain (<b>left</b>) and flesh (<b>right</b>) side.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g006-550.jpg?1734447240" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Bar chart of prediction confidences.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02892/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02892-g007-550.jpg?1734447242" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Workflow of prediction confidences.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2892'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                23 pages,                12221 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2891/pdf?version=1734445613" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="An Interpretation Method of Gas–Water Two-Phase Production Profile in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Vertical Wells Based on Drift-Flux Model" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2891">An Interpretation Method of Gas–Water Two-Phase Production Profile in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Vertical Wells Based on Drift-Flux Model</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haoxun Liang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haimin Guo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yongtuo Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ao Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dudu Wang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuqing Guo</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2891; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122891">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122891</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            With the increasing demand for oil and gas, the depth of some vertical gas wells can reach 6000 m. At this time, the downhole fluid is in a state of high temperature and pressure, and interpretation of the production logging output profile faces
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2891/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            With the increasing demand for oil and gas, the depth of some vertical gas wells can reach 6000 m. At this time, the downhole fluid is in a state of high temperature and pressure, and interpretation of the production logging output profile faces the problem of inaccurate production calculations and difficulty judging the water-producing layer. The drift-flux model is usually used to calculate the gas–water two-phase flow. The drift-flux model is widely used to describe the two-phase flow in pipelines and wells because of its accuracy and simplicity. The constitutive correlations used in drift-flux models, which specify the relative motion between phases, have been extensively studied. However, most of the correlations are only extended by laboratory data of small pipe diameters at standard temperature and pressure and do not apply to high-temperature and high-pressure large-diameter gas wells. Therefore, we improved the distribution coefficient and drift velocity of drift-flux correlations in this study for high-temperature and high-pressure gas wells with large pipe diameters. Therefore, this study improved the distribution coefficient and drift velocity of the drift-flux correlations for high-temperature and high-pressure gas wells with large pipe diameters. In practical application, the coincidence rates of gas production and water production calculated by the new drift-flux model were 12.68% and 19.39%, respectively. For high-temperature and high-pressure deep wells, the measurement errors of production logging instruments are significant, and surface laboratory pipelines are challenging to configure and equip with actual high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Therefore, this study used the method of numerical simulation to study the flow characteristics of the two phases of high-temperature and high-pressure gas and water to provide a basis for identifying the water layer. Combined with the proposed drift-flux correlations and the new method of determining the water-producing layer, a new method of production profile interpretation of high-temperature and high-pressure gas wells is obtained.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2891">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/Energy_Systems">Energy Systems</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2891/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545925"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545925"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545925" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545925" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545925" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545925-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g001-550.jpg?1734445748" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545925" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g002-550.jpg?1734445749'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g003-550.jpg?1734445750'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g004-550.jpg?1734445751'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g005-550.jpg?1734445752'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g006-550.jpg?1734445753'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g007-550.jpg?1734445755'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g008-550.jpg?1734445757'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g009-550.jpg?1734445759'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g010-550.jpg?1734445761'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g011-550.jpg?1734445763'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g012-550.jpg?1734445764'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g013-550.jpg?1734445767'><p>Figure 13</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g014-550.jpg?1734445768'><p>Figure 14</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1545925-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g015-550.jpg?1734445770'><p>Figure 15</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545925-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g001-550.jpg?1734445748" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545925-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g001-550.jpg?1734445748" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Relationship between critical Kutateladze number and dimensionless pipe diameter (Shi [<a href=&quot;#B9-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>9</a>]).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g002-550.jpg?1734445749" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in distribution coefficient against actual gas holdup.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g003-550.jpg?1734445750" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in distribution coefficient against mixture Renolds number (Liu et al. [<a href=&quot;#B20-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>20</a>]).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g004-550.jpg?1734445751" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The distribution coefficient of different models with variation in gas holdup in 125 mm diameter wellbore [<a href=&quot;#B12-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>12</a>,<a href=&quot;#B17-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>17</a>,<a href=&quot;#B19-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>19</a>,<a href=&quot;#B20-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>20</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g005-550.jpg?1734445752" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in drift velocity with gas holdup under the condition of 250 kg/m<sup>3</sup> natural gas density and 1100 kg/m<sup>3</sup> water density in 125 mm pipe diameter [<a href=&quot;#B9-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>9</a>,<a href=&quot;#B11-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>11</a>,<a href=&quot;#B17-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>17</a>,<a href=&quot;#B20-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>20</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g006-550.jpg?1734445753" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Models of different wellbore diameters. (<b>a</b>) Diameter 125 mm, length 2000 mm; (<b>b</b>) diameter 165 mm, length 2000 mm.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g007-550.jpg?1734445755" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Volume fraction cloud map of gas–water two-phase flow at different formation water apparent velocities in 125 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g008-550.jpg?1734445757" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Volume fraction cloud map of gas–water two-phase flow at different formation water apparent velocities in 165 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g009-550.jpg?1734445759" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Cloud of mixture velocity at different apparent velocities of formation water in 125 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g010-550.jpg?1734445761" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Cloud of mixture velocity at different apparent velocities of formation water in 165 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g011-550.jpg?1734445763" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in axial apparent velocity under different formation water apparent velocities in 125 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g012-550.jpg?1734445764" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in axial apparent velocity under different formation water apparent velocities in 165 mm wellbore.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g013-550.jpg?1734445767" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Relationship between predicted and actual gas holdup. (<b>a</b>) Proposed corrleration; (<b>b</b>) Hibiki and Ishii [<a href=&quot;#B11-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>11</a>]; (<b>c</b>) Choi et al. [<a href=&quot;#B19-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>19</a>]; (<b>d</b>) Liu et al. [<a href=&quot;#B20-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>20</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g014-550.jpg?1734445768" title="
                    <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Histogram of error distribution; (<b>a</b>) <math display=&quot;inline&quot;><semantics>
  <mrow>
    <msub>
      <mrow>
        <mi>D</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mrow>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>125</mn>
    <mo>&nbsp;</mo>
    <mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi>
    <mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi>
  </mrow>
</semantics></math>; (<b>b</b>) <math display=&quot;inline&quot;><semantics>
  <mrow>
    <msub>
      <mrow>
        <mi>D</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mrow>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>165</mn>
    <mo>&nbsp;</mo>
    <mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi>
    <mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi>
  </mrow>
</semantics></math>; [<a href=&quot;#B18-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>18</a>,<a href=&quot;#B19-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>19</a>,<a href=&quot;#B20-processes-12-02891&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>20</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02891/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02891-g015-550.jpg?1734445770" title="
                    <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/>
                                            <p>A-1 well production profile logging diagram.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2891'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                19 pages,                14397 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2890/pdf?version=1734445106" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Comprehensive Analysis of Feasibility by Ascending Mining in Coal Mine" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2890">Comprehensive Analysis of Feasibility by Ascending Mining in Coal Mine</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yunpeng Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenhua Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Helong Gu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yixin Xu</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2890; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122890">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122890</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            In order to study the feasibility of upward mining in a certain coal mine, the mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass were obtained based on on-site investigation and rock mechanics experiments. A numerical model that conforms to the on-site mining layout was
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2890/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            In order to study the feasibility of upward mining in a certain coal mine, the mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass were obtained based on on-site investigation and rock mechanics experiments. A numerical model that conforms to the on-site mining layout was established using numerical simulation methods. The stress, displacement, and plastic zone distribution characteristics of the upper coal rock mass at different positions along the X, Y and Z directions after the initial mining of layered coal were analyzed. The critical thickness for tensile failure of the roof during upward mining was calculated using the thick plate theory. A ground penetrating radar was used on site to conduct three-dimensional detection of the fragmentation characteristics of the overlying roof rock. The results show that after the mining of 5# coal, the stress of the overlying roof surrounding rock in the goaf exhibits a dynamic change process of rising peak falling. As the vertical height from the working face increases, the stress in the center of the goaf and around the working face gradually decreases; the displacement distribution extends outwards from the center of the working face, forming a sinking basin with an upward opening in the direction of inclination and direction of the working face. The maximum displacement value is at the bottom of the basin; there is a tensile stress zone above the working face, and the plastic zone has the largest range at the center of the working face direction and inclination. The plastic zone has not evolved to coal 4# and coal 3#; the maximum critical thickness for tensile failure of the roof is 55.4 m, which is much smaller than the actual thickness of 99.82 m on site, and upward mining can be adopted.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2890">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
                    (This article belongs to the Topic <a href="/topics/G09CLY8PTX">Green Mining, 2nd Volume</a>)<br>
        
        
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2890/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545912"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545912"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545912" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545912" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545912" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545912-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g001-550.jpg?1734445187" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545912" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g002-550.jpg?1734445188'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g003a-550.jpg?1734445192'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g003b-550.jpg?1734445193'><p>Figure 3 Cont.</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g004-550.jpg?1734445197'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g005-550.jpg?1734445200'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g006-550.jpg?1734445204'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g007-550.jpg?1734445208'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g008-550.jpg?1734445212'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g009-550.jpg?1734445213'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g010a-550.jpg?1734445215'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g010b-550.jpg?1734445216'><p>Figure 10 Cont.</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g011a-550.jpg?1734445217'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g011b-550.jpg?1734445219'><p>Figure 11 Cont.</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g012-550.jpg?1734445220'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1545912-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g013-550.jpg?1734445222'><p>Figure 13</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545912-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g001-550.jpg?1734445187" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545912-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g001-550.jpg?1734445187" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Location of coal seam and surrounding rock geological map.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g002-550.jpg?1734445188" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Construction of the numerical calculation model. (<b>a</b>) Three-dimensional numerical calculation model; (<b>b</b>) mining layout framework diagram.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g003a-550.jpg?1734445192" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Vertical stress distribution characteristics at different positions in the Z direction from the bottom plate of coal mining model 5#. (<b>a</b>) Vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 27–29 m); (<b>b</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 61–64 m); (<b>c</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g003b-550.jpg?1734445193" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3 Cont.</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Vertical stress distribution characteristics at different positions in the Z direction from the bottom plate of coal mining model 5#. (<b>a</b>) Vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 27–29 m); (<b>b</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 61–64 m); (<b>c</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Z = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g004-550.jpg?1734445197" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Characteristics of vertical stress distribution at different positions in the Y direction from the bottom plate of coal mining model 5#. (<b>a</b>) Vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Y = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Y = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (Y = 105–109 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g005-550.jpg?1734445200" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Characteristics of vertical stress distribution at different positions in the X direction from the bottom plate of coal mining model 5#. (<b>a</b>) Vertical stress distribution characteristics at (X = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (X = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) vertical stress distribution characteristics at (X = 105–109 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g006-550.jpg?1734445204" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Displacement distribution characteristics at different positions in the Z direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Displacement distribution characteristics at (Z = 27–29 m); (<b>b</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (Z = 61–64 m); (<b>c</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (Z = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g007-550.jpg?1734445208" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Displacement distribution characteristics at different positions in the Y direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Displacement distribution characteristics at (Y = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (Y = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (Y = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g008-550.jpg?1734445212" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Displacement distribution characteristics at different positions in the X direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Displacement distribution characteristics at (X = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (X = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) displacement distribution characteristics at (X = 105–109 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g009-550.jpg?1734445213" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution characteristics of plastic zone from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining (Z = 27–29 m, 61–64 m, 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g010a-550.jpg?1734445215" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution characteristics of plastic zones at different positions in the Y direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g010b-550.jpg?1734445216" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10 Cont.</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution characteristics of plastic zones at different positions in the Y direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (Y = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g011a-550.jpg?1734445217" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution characteristics of plastic zones at different positions in the X direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g011b-550.jpg?1734445219" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11 Cont.</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution characteristics of plastic zones at different positions in the X direction from the bottom plate of the model after coal mining 5#. (<b>a</b>) Distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 40–44 m); (<b>b</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 86–90 m); (<b>c</b>) distribution characteristics of plastic zone at (X = 105–110 m).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g012-550.jpg?1734445220" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Mechanical model of hard composite thick roof. (<b>a</b>) Schematic diagram of force on hard composite thick roof; (<b>b</b>) four-sided simply supported thick plate.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02890/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02890-g013-550.jpg?1734445222" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Geological radar field measurement. (<b>a</b>) Geological radar detection plan; (<b>b</b>) geological radar detection results.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2890'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                25 pages,                8275 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2889/pdf?version=1734513065" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Numerical Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in an Inclined Cavity with Three Fins and a Ternary Composition of Nanoparticles" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2889">Numerical Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in an Inclined Cavity with Three Fins and a Ternary Composition of Nanoparticles</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Huda Alfannakh</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2889; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122889">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122889</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            The natural convection heat transfer of a trihybrid nanofluid comprising Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>, and CuO nanoparticles dispersed in water (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MoS<sub>2</sub> + CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O) has been investigated within a cavity exposed to
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2889/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            The natural convection heat transfer of a trihybrid nanofluid comprising Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>, and CuO nanoparticles dispersed in water (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MoS<sub>2</sub> + CuO/H<sub>2</sub>O) has been investigated within a cavity exposed to a uniform magnetic field. Three cold fins were strategically positioned on the top, right, and left walls of the enclosure. The study employs numerical simulations conducted using a custom-developed FORTRAN code. The computational approach integrates the finite volume method and full multigrid acceleration to solve the coupled governing equations for continuity, momentum, energy, and entropy generation, along with the associated boundary conditions. Prior to obtaining the results, a meticulous parameterization process was undertaken to accurately capture the fluid dynamics and thermal behavior characteristic of this geometric configuration. The findings underscored the key parameters’ significant impact on the flow structure and thermal performance. The results revealed that natural convection is more dominant at high Rayleigh and low Hartmann numbers, leading to higher Nusselt numbers and stronger dependence on the tilt angle α. Moreover, the optimal heat transfer conditions were obtained for the following parameters: Ha = 25, α = 45°, ϕ = 6%, and Ra = 10<sup>6</sup> with a rate of 4.985. This study offers valuable insights into achieving a balance between these competing factors by determining the optimal conditions for maximizing heat transfer while minimizing entropy generation. The findings contribute to enhancing the design of thermal systems that utilize magnetic nanofluids for efficient heat dissipation, making the research particularly relevant to advanced cooling technologies and compact thermal management solutions.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2889">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/OHHY4KSS06
">Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer in Energy Utilization</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2889/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545921"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545921"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545921" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545921" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545921" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545921-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g001-550.jpg?1734513140" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545921" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g002-550.jpg?1734513140'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g003-550.jpg?1734513144'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g004-550.jpg?1734513147'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g005-550.jpg?1734513151'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g006-550.jpg?1734513153'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g007-550.jpg?1734513155'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g008-550.jpg?1734513156'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g009a-550.jpg?1734513157'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g009b-550.jpg?1734513157'><p>Figure 9 Cont.</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g010-550.jpg?1734513159'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545921-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g011-550.jpg?1734513160'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545921-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g001-550.jpg?1734513140" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545921-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g001-550.jpg?1734513140" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Physical domain of the considered problem and boundary conditions.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g002-550.jpg?1734513140" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Computational grid of the considered physical domain.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g003-550.jpg?1734513144" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Streamline contours (<b>top row</b>), isotherm patterns (<b>middle row</b>), and total entropy generation contours (<b>bottom row</b>) with varying Ha at Ra = 10<sup>6</sup>, ϕ = 0.06, and α = 45°.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g004-550.jpg?1734513147" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Streamline contours (<b>top row</b>), isotherm patterns (<b>middle row</b>), and total entropy generation contours (<b>bottom row</b>) with varying Ra at Ha = 50, ϕ = 0.06, and α = 45°.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g005-550.jpg?1734513151" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Streamline contours (<b>top row</b>), isotherm patterns (<b>middle row</b>), and total entropy generation contours (<b>bottom row</b>) with varying α at Ha = 50, ϕ = 0.06, and Ra = 10<sup>6</sup>.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g006-550.jpg?1734513153" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Temperature profile along the vertical centerline of the cavity at X = 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 for Ha = 50, ϕ = 0.06, and α = 45°.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g007-550.jpg?1734513155" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Velocity (v) profile along the horizontal centerline of the cavity at Y = 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 for Ha = 50, φ = 0.06, and α = 45°.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g008-550.jpg?1734513156" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Local Nusselt number variation along the horizontal cold wall at ϕ = 0.06 for various Ha: Top row (<b>a</b>) Ha = 50, middle row, (<b>b</b>) Ha = 100, and bottom row, (<b>c</b>) Ha = 150 with varying α and Ra.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g009a-550.jpg?1734513157" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Local Nusselt number variations along the horizontal cold wall at Ha = 50 for various volume fractions (ϕ = 0.03 (<b>a</b>), ϕ = 0.06 (<b>b</b>), ϕ = 0.09 (<b>c</b>) and ϕ = 0,12 (<b>d</b>)) with varying α and Ra.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g009b-550.jpg?1734513157" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9 Cont.</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Local Nusselt number variations along the horizontal cold wall at Ha = 50 for various volume fractions (ϕ = 0.03 (<b>a</b>), ϕ = 0.06 (<b>b</b>), ϕ = 0.09 (<b>c</b>) and ϕ = 0,12 (<b>d</b>)) with varying α and Ra.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g010-550.jpg?1734513159" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Average Nusselt number versus the inclination angle for different nanoparticle volume fractions, different Hartmann numbers, and Rayleigh numbers.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02889/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02889-g011-550.jpg?1734513160" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Histograms of average Nusselt numbers (<b>top</b>), total entropy generation (<b>middle</b>), and ecological coefficient of performance (<b>bottom</b>) at Ra = 10<sup>6</sup> and ϕ = 6%.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2889'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                16 pages,                833 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2888/pdf?version=1734428907" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Hybrid Process Flow Diagram for Separation of Fusel Oil into Valuable Components" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2888">Hybrid Process Flow Diagram for Separation of Fusel Oil into Valuable Components</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexey Missyurin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diana-Luciana Cursaru</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mihaela Neagu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marilena Nicolae</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2888; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122888">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122888</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Ethanol production by fermentation results in obtaining, in addition to the main product, ethyl alcohol, by-products and secondary products, which include carbon dioxide, fusel oil, and ester–aldehyde cut. Fusel oil, despite its low yield and the large volume of ethanol production, accumulates at
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2888/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Ethanol production by fermentation results in obtaining, in addition to the main product, ethyl alcohol, by-products and secondary products, which include carbon dioxide, fusel oil, and ester–aldehyde cut. Fusel oil, despite its low yield and the large volume of ethanol production, accumulates at distilleries, which ultimately raises the question of its disposal or the rational use of this by-product. Fusel oil, being a complex mixture, can serve as a source of technical alcohols used in various sectors of the economy, including the food industry, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, perfume, and cosmetics industries, as well as the production of paints and varnishes. However, the complexity of using fusel oil lies in its difficult separation. The reason for this is the presence of water, which forms low-boiling azeotropes with aliphatic alcohols. Our study aimed to develop a process flow diagram (PFD) that allows individual components from fusel oil to be obtained without extraneous separating agents (not inherent in fusel oil). This condition is necessary to obtain products labeled as natural for further use in the food, perfume, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The distinctive feature of this work is that the target product is not only isoamyl alcohol but also all other alcohols present in the composition of fusel oil. To achieve this goal and create a mathematical model, the Aspen Plus V14 application, the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model, and the Vap-Liq/Liq-Liq phase equilibrium were used. Fusel oil separation was modeled using a continuous separation PFD to obtain ethanol, water, isoamyl alcohol, and raw propanol and butanol cuts. The Sorel and Barbet distillation technique was used to isolate ethanol. The isolation of isopropanol and 1-propanol, as well as isobutanol and 1-butanol, was modeled using the batch distillation method. The isolation of fusel oil components was based on their thermodynamic properties and the selection of appropriate techniques for their separation, such as extraction, distillation, pressure swing distillation, and decantation. The simulation of fusel oil separation PFD showed the possibility of obtaining the components of a complex mixture without separating agents, as discussed earlier. Ethanol corresponds to the quality of rectified ethyl alcohol, and 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohols to anhydrous alcohols, whereas isopropanol (which contains an admixture of ethanol), 1-propanol, and isobutanol are obtained as aqueous solutions of different concentrations of alcohols. However, due to a distillation boundary in the raw propanol and butanol cuts, these mixtures cannot be separated completely, which leads to the production of intermediate fractions. To eliminate intermediate fractions and obtain anhydrous isopropanol, 1-propanol, and isobutanol in the future, it is necessary to solve the dehydration problem of either fusel oil or the propanol–butanol mixture.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2888">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/W7XEX2W06G
">10th Anniversary of <em>Processes</em>: Design of the Chemical Industry of the Future</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2888/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545577"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545577"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545577" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545577" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545577" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545577-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g001-550.jpg?1734428972" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545577" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545577-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g002-550.jpg?1734428976'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545577-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g003-550.jpg?1734428977'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545577-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g001-550.jpg?1734428972" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545577-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g001-550.jpg?1734428972" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Experimental fusel oil distillation curve according to ASTM D 86 [<a href=&quot;#B29-processes-12-02888&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>29</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2888'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g002-550.jpg?1734428976" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Fusel oil separation—proposed PFD.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2888'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02888/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02888-g003-550.jpg?1734428977" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distillation synthesis ternary map (mass-based). (<b>a</b>) Raw propanol cut; (<b>b</b>) raw butanol cut.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2888'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

                <div class="label right label__btn">
            <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1545535" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1545535" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material">
                <i class="material-icons">attachment</i>
            </a>
            <div id="drop-supplementary-1545535" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
                Supplementary material:
                <br>

                                                        
                                            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2887/s1?version=1734428070">
                            Supplementary File 1                            (ZIP, 696 KiB)
                        </a><br>
                                                </div>
        </div>
    
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                14 pages,                2668 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2887/pdf?version=1734428069" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Peak Spectral Homogeneity in LC/DAD: Exploring Alternatives in Peak Purity Evaluations" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2887">Peak Spectral Homogeneity in LC/DAD: Exploring Alternatives in Peak Purity Evaluations</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dana-Maria Preda</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mircea-Alexandru Comănescu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Victor Voicu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nelu Grinberg</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrei-Valentin Medvedovici</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2887; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122887">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122887</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Spectral peak purity evaluations are often used to control inadequate selectivity issues appearing in liquid chromatography separations coupled with UV-Vis photodiode detection, despite known limitations related to (a) the lack of characteristic absorption bands in UV-Vis for target analytes and overlapping related impurities;
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2887/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Spectral peak purity evaluations are often used to control inadequate selectivity issues appearing in liquid chromatography separations coupled with UV-Vis photodiode detection, despite known limitations related to (a) the lack of characteristic absorption bands in UV-Vis for target analytes and overlapping related impurities; (b) increased similarity between the spectral characteristics of co-eluting compounds; (c) large concentration differences between overlapping compounds; (d) perfect co-elution cases. We propose an alternative protocol to evaluate differences between spectra collected over a peak’s elution interval. After normalizing the acquired spectra, linear regression was applied between each pair of spectra, resulting in slope, intercepts, and correlation coefficient sets, from each comparison. The means and standard deviations of each variable are thus computed. An ellipsoid in the 3D Cartesian space illustrates these computations, having the mean coordinates as center and 2 × standard deviations of the variables as the axes. The volume of the ellipsoid should be related to the similarity between the compared spectra; a smaller volume indicates a higher spectral similarity. This approach was evaluated with respect to the (a) concentration of the analytes; (b) spectral acquisition parameters (spectral resolution, spectral frequency acquisition); (c) spectral similarity between overlapping peaks; (d) perfect co-elution situation; (e) influence of spectral processing (derivation, wavelength rationing), using test solutions of carbamazepine (a,b), acetyl cysteine and enalapril maleate (c), or nitrazepam and diazepam (d,e).
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2887">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/separation_processes">Separation Processes</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2887/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545535"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545535"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545535" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545535" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545535" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545535-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g001-550.jpg?1734428281" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545535" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g002-550.jpg?1734428282'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g003-550.jpg?1734428284'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g004-550.jpg?1734428286'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g005-550.jpg?1734428288'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g006-550.jpg?1734428290'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g007-550.jpg?1734428291'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545535-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g001-550.jpg?1734428281" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545535-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g001-550.jpg?1734428281" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Data-processing algorithm for peak homogeneity evaluation via PEV.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g002-550.jpg?1734428282" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in the match factor and PEV with respect to the analyte absolute amounts.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g003-550.jpg?1734428284" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Influence of the spectral resolution on PEV from 9 spectra compared over the peak elution interval. Absolute analyte amount where PEV is at the 5.0 threshold is around 0.75 µg.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g004-550.jpg?1734428286" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Influence of the number of compared spectra on the calculated PEV values (2 nm spectral acquisition resolution). The range of absolute analyte amount where PEV is at the 5.0 threshold is still around previously determined values.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g005-550.jpg?1734428288" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in PEV (<b>A</b>) and match factor (<b>B</b>) values with respect to the loaded amount, when simulating perfect co-elution through injection of the sample into an SS tube. Single analyte injections (nitrazepam—blue line; diazepam—red line) are overlaid to 1:1 mixture injections (orange line).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g006-550.jpg?1734428290" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Overlaid variation in PEV and match factors computed for the 1st derivative of the UV-VIS spectra, on loading different amounts of the 1:1 mixture of nitrazepam and diazepam in the SS tubing.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02887/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02887-g007-550.jpg?1734428291" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Overlaid variations of the PEV (red) and match factors (blue) computed for 9 UV-VIS spectra (4 nm resolution) collected over the peak elution, when loading different amounts of the 1:1 acetyl cysteine and enalapril mixture.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2887'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                20 pages,                8161 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2886/pdf?version=1734423153" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Research on Support Technology for Unstable Roof Roadway Under Abandoned Roadways in Ultra-Thick Coal Seam" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2886">Research on Support Technology for Unstable Roof Roadway Under Abandoned Roadways in Ultra-Thick Coal Seam</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xianyang Yu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Siyuan Lv</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yafei Luo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pengchao Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hao Fu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yicai Zhou</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2886; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122886">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122886</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Due to the impact of disordered mining activities in previous years, numerous abandoned roadways exist in the second mining district of the 13# coal seam in Chejiazhuang Coal Mine. The stability of the new roadway roof was analyzed under various distributions of abandoned
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2886/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Due to the impact of disordered mining activities in previous years, numerous abandoned roadways exist in the second mining district of the 13# coal seam in Chejiazhuang Coal Mine. The stability of the new roadway roof was analyzed under various distributions of abandoned roadways above. It was determined that the ultimate stable thickness of the coal layer between the new and abandoned roadways is 4.0 m. When the thickness between the two is less than 4.0 m, the roof becomes unstable after excavation, posing a risk of collapse. Advanced grouting reinforcement is required to enhance roof stability before installing U-shaped steel arches. Mechanical experiments were conducted on the polymer grouting consolidation of fractured coal, showing a significant increase in residual strength compared to intact coal. Furthermore, the uniaxial compressive strength of the polymer grouting consolidation partially recovered. On average, the consolidation coefficient and recovery coefficient were 5.28 and 85.51%, respectively. Grouting increased the ductility of the fractured surrounding rock, enhancing its resistance to deformation and plasticity. A polymer grouting consolidation technology for supporting fractured surrounding rock under the unstable roof of abandoned roadways is proposed, along with the design of corresponding support schemes and parameters. Monitoring the results of mine pressure indicated that the surrounding rock remained stable after roadway excavation, validating the effectiveness of the support schemes and parameters.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2886">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/97S25A639J
">Exploration, Exploitation and Utilization of Coal and Gas Resources, 2nd Edition</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2886/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545383"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545383"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545383" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545383" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545383" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545383-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g001-550.jpg?1734423257" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545383" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g002-550.jpg?1734423259'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g003-550.jpg?1734423261'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g004-550.jpg?1734423261'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g005-550.jpg?1734423262'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g006-550.jpg?1734423263'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g007-550.jpg?1734423264'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g008-550.jpg?1734423265'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g009-550.jpg?1734423266'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g010-550.jpg?1734423267'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g011-550.jpg?1734423268'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g012-550.jpg?1734423269'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g013-550.jpg?1734423270'><p>Figure 13</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g014-550.jpg?1734423271'><p>Figure 14</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g015-550.jpg?1734423273'><p>Figure 15</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g016-550.jpg?1734423273'><p>Figure 16</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g017-550.jpg?1734423274'><p>Figure 17</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g018-550.jpg?1734423275'><p>Figure 18</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g019-550.jpg?1734423276'><p>Figure 19</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g020-550.jpg?1734423277'><p>Figure 20</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g021-550.jpg?1734423278'><p>Figure 21</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1545383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g022-550.jpg?1734423281'><p>Figure 22</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545383-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g001-550.jpg?1734423257" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545383-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g001-550.jpg?1734423257" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The engineering site in the Shanxi Provence of China.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g002-550.jpg?1734423259" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Roadway in Chejiazhuang Coal Mine with unstable roof.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g003-550.jpg?1734423261" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Stratigraphic column of 13# coal seam in Chejiazhuang Coal Mine.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g004-550.jpg?1734423261" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Mechanical model of roof rock beam of new roadway under abandoned roadway.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g005-550.jpg?1734423262" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Relationship between roof thickness and tensile stress in the midpoint of the lower layer of the rock beam.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g006-550.jpg?1734423263" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The cohesion of coal and fractured coal grouting consolidation.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g007-550.jpg?1734423264" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Calibrating the strain softening model for coal and fractured coal grouting consolidation (the test process of the mechanical parameters of coal and fractured coal grouting consolidation is introduced in <a href=&quot;#sec4-processes-12-02886&quot; class=&quot;html-sec&quot;>Section 4</a>).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g008-550.jpg?1734423265" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Numerical simulation model and meshing.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g009-550.jpg?1734423266" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Plastic zone and fractured zone around abandoned roadway.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g010-550.jpg?1734423267" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Plastic zone and fracture zone of surrounding rock with roof thickness of 3.0 m.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g011-550.jpg?1734423268" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Plastic zone and fractured zone of surrounding rock with roof thickness of 3.5 m.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g012-550.jpg?1734423269" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Plastic zone and fractured zone of surrounding rock with roof thickness of 4.0 m.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g013-550.jpg?1734423270" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Plastic zone and fractured zone of surrounding rock with roof thickness of 4.5 m.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g014-550.jpg?1734423271" title="
                    <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Fracture coal grouting test’s flow chat.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g015-550.jpg?1734423273" title="
                    <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Grouting consolidation test equipment.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g016-550.jpg?1734423273" title="
                    <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Fractured coal grouting consolidation. (<b>a</b>) Fractured coal grouting consolidation; (<b>b</b>) fractured grouting consolidation.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g017-550.jpg?1734423274" title="
                    <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Interact coal and fractured coal grouting consolidation strength curve.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g018-550.jpg?1734423275" title="
                    <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development of plastic zone and fractured zone in surrounding rock with polymer grouting (unstable roof).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g019-550.jpg?1734423276" title="
                    <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Support parameters for the roadway with an unstable roof under abandoned roadways (dimensions in the figure are given in millimeters (mm)). (<b>a</b>) A longitudinal section of the roadway (<b>b</b>) A cross-section of the roadway.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g020-550.jpg?1734423277" title="
                    <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Roadway’s surrounding rock displacement in monitoring site. (The red circle indicates the short anchor bolts installed in the surrounding rock. An L-shaped thick wire is welded to the nut of the bolt, which is used to observe the displacement of the surrounding rock in the roadway).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g021-550.jpg?1734423278" title="
                    <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Monitoring results of surface displacement in new roadway.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02886/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02886-g022-550.jpg?1734423281" title="
                    <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The overall condition of the roadway after being supported.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2886'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                14 pages,                4834 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2885/pdf?version=1734420430" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Process Control in Biodiesel Production" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2885">Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Process Control in Biodiesel Production</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongyan Shi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Le Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Duotao Pan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guogang Wang</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2885; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122885">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122885</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            The control of complex industrial processes has been a forefront research topic. Biodiesel production, as a typical complex industrial reaction process, exhibits multivariable coupling, nonlinearity, and high latency, making it challenging for traditional control methods to achieve real-time control under varying operating conditions.
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2885/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            The control of complex industrial processes has been a forefront research topic. Biodiesel production, as a typical complex industrial reaction process, exhibits multivariable coupling, nonlinearity, and high latency, making it challenging for traditional control methods to achieve real-time control under varying operating conditions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a control method based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm, which dynamically adjusts process parameters to achieve the adaptive optimization control of complex processes. A simplified biodiesel production process model was established to simulate the actual production process. Subsequently, a controller based on the TD3 algorithm was designed and implemented for this model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, comparative experiments were conducted with traditional controllers and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) controllers. The effects of different control strategies were analyzed through simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves the objectives while exhibiting a lower overshoot and shorter settling time and fully validates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in terms of both the dynamic and steady-state performance in the production process.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2885">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/process_control_monitoring">Process Control and Monitoring</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2885/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545339"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545339"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545339" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545339" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545339" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545339-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g001-550.jpg?1734420507" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545339" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g002-550.jpg?1734420507'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g003-550.jpg?1734420509'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g004-550.jpg?1734420510'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g005-550.jpg?1734420512'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g006-550.jpg?1734420514'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g007-550.jpg?1734420515'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545339-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g008-550.jpg?1734420517'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545339-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g001-550.jpg?1734420507" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545339-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g001-550.jpg?1734420507" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Schematic diagram of the biodiesel production process.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g002-550.jpg?1734420507" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The process of the interaction between the agent and the environment.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g003-550.jpg?1734420509" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Production operation optimization framework based on TD3.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g004-550.jpg?1734420510" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>DDPG and TD3 training episode reward curve.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g005-550.jpg?1734420512" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Closed loop profiles of the controlled variables.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g006-550.jpg?1734420514" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Closed loop profiles of the manipulated variables.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g007-550.jpg?1734420515" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Noise input in the simulation experiment.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02885/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02885-g008-550.jpg?1734420517" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Closed loop profiles of the controlled variables.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2885'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                19 pages,                10067 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2884/pdf?version=1734413498" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Research on Composite 3D Well Pattern for Blocky Heavy Oil in Offshore Areas: Transition from Huff-and-Puff to Displacement-Drainage" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2884">Research on Composite 3D Well Pattern for Blocky Heavy Oil in Offshore Areas: Transition from Huff-and-Puff to Displacement-Drainage</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhigang Geng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gongchang Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenqian Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chunxiao Du</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Taotao Ge</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cong Tian</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dawei Wang</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2884; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122884">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122884</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            In view of the deep burial depth, high formation pressure, and presence of top and bottom water in offshore extra-heavy-oil reservoirs, this paper conducts a study on the production performance and flow field variation law of steam huff-and-puff to steam flooding conversion in
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2884/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            In view of the deep burial depth, high formation pressure, and presence of top and bottom water in offshore extra-heavy-oil reservoirs, this paper conducts a study on the production performance and flow field variation law of steam huff-and-puff to steam flooding conversion in thick heavy-oil reservoirs based on physical simulation, and analyzes the development effect of the conversion from steam huff-and-puff to steam flooding. On this basis, by comprehensively considering the advantages of gravity-assisted steam flooding and a three-dimensional HHSD well pattern obtained from physical simulation experiments, this paper proposes a well pattern development mode of steam huff-and-puff to composite displacement and drainage, and analyzes the development effect of this well pattern mode using the reservoir numerical simulation method. The research results show that, compared with the planar well pattern of steam huff-and-puff to steam flooding conversion, the adoption of the three-dimensional well pattern can significantly improve the degree of reservoir production and the expansion dynamics of the steam chamber, and mitigate adverse effects such as the increase in water cut caused by top and bottom water on thermal recovery. The composite development of steam huff-and-puff to composite displacement and drainage can be divided into three stages: thermal communication, gravity drainage-assisted steam flooding, and thermal breakthrough erosion and oil washing. The steam chamber presents a development mode of “single-point development–rapid longitudinal expansion–rapid transverse expansion upon reaching the top–polymerization into a sheet”, and simultaneously possesses the oil displacement mechanisms of both steam displacement and gravity drainage. The proposed composite mode of steam huff-and-puff to composite displacement and drainage has guided the implementation of adjustment wells in the Bohai L Oilfield, and the recovery factor has been increased by about 20% compared with the steam huff-and-puff development of the basic well pattern. This study has reference and guiding significance for the efficient thermal recovery development of this oilfield.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2884">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/H2NDGI10PW
">Flow Mechanisms and Enhanced Oil Recovery</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2884/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545273"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545273"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545273" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545273" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545273" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545273-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g001-550.jpg?1734413563" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545273" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g002-550.jpg?1734413564'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g003-550.jpg?1734413565'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g004-550.jpg?1734413566'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g005-550.jpg?1734413567'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g006-550.jpg?1734413569'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g007-550.jpg?1734413570'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g008-550.jpg?1734413573'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g009-550.jpg?1734413575'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g010-550.jpg?1734413576'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g011-550.jpg?1734413577'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g012-550.jpg?1734413578'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g013-550.jpg?1734413580'><p>Figure 13</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g014-550.jpg?1734413582'><p>Figure 14</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g015-550.jpg?1734413583'><p>Figure 15</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g016-550.jpg?1734413584'><p>Figure 16</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g017-550.jpg?1734413585'><p>Figure 17</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g018-550.jpg?1734413587'><p>Figure 18</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g019-550.jpg?1734413588'><p>Figure 19</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g020-550.jpg?1734413589'><p>Figure 20</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g021-550.jpg?1734413591'><p>Figure 21</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g022-550.jpg?1734413591'><p>Figure 22</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1545273-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g023-550.jpg?1734413594'><p>Figure 23</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545273-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g001-550.jpg?1734413563" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545273-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g001-550.jpg?1734413563" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Cross-sectional diagram of Bohai L oilfield.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g002-550.jpg?1734413564" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus and process.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g003-550.jpg?1734413565" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Schematic diagram of well locations in the physical simulation experiment of steam huff-and-puff converted to flooding (side view).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g004-550.jpg?1734413566" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Characteristics of steam chamber development during the process of conversion from steam huff-and-puff to steam flooding.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g005-550.jpg?1734413567" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Curves of recovery factor and water cut.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g006-550.jpg?1734413569" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Well layout diagram of the actual model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g007-550.jpg?1734413570" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Schematic diagram of well layout (side view).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g008-550.jpg?1734413573" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Distribution maps of temperature field and residual oil in different layers under gravity-assisted steam flooding.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g009-550.jpg?1734413575" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Variation in the expansion speed of the heating chamber at the field scale.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g010-550.jpg?1734413576" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The curves of the recovery factor and water cut for gravity-assisted steam flooding and HHSD.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g011-550.jpg?1734413577" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Design of the combined displacement of drainage and flooding three-dimensional well pattern for the target block.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g012-550.jpg?1734413578" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Numerical simulation model diagram of the target block.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g013-550.jpg?1734413580" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Production characteristics in different stages of the conversion from steam huff-and-puff to composite displacement and drainage and the corresponding characteristics of the steam chambers.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g014-550.jpg?1734413582" title="
                    <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison diagram of the recovery factors and steam chambers in the process of conversion from steam huff-and-puff to composite displacement and drainage for different well patterns.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g015-550.jpg?1734413583" title="
                    <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Comparison field diagram of the sweep of the heating chambers for different well patterns.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g016-550.jpg?1734413584" title="
                    <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different planar well spacings.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g017-550.jpg?1734413585" title="
                    <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different vertical well spacings.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g018-550.jpg?1734413587" title="
                    <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different distances from the bottom water of the reservoir.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g019-550.jpg?1734413588" title="
                    <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different steam injection rates.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g020-550.jpg?1734413589" title="
                    <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different steam qualities.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g021-550.jpg?1734413591" title="
                    <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Development effects of the three-dimensional well pattern at different production–injection ratios.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g022-550.jpg?1734413591" title="
                    <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Schematic diagram of the well locations of adjustment wells in the three-dimensional well pattern of Bohai L oilfield.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02884/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02884-g023-550.jpg?1734413594" title="
                    <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Production curves of adjustment wells in the three-dimensional well pattern of Bohai L oilfield.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2884'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                32 pages,                9192 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2883/pdf?version=1734401472" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Reactivation of Abandoned Oilfields for Cleaner Energy Generation: Three-Dimensional Modelling of Reservoir Heterogeneity and Geometry" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2883">Reactivation of Abandoned Oilfields for Cleaner Energy Generation: Three-Dimensional Modelling of Reservoir Heterogeneity and Geometry</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Benjamin Michael Storey</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Richard H. Worden</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>David D. McNamara</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>John Wheeler</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Julian Parker</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andre Kristen</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2883; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122883">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122883</a> - 17 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            With the changing picture of global energy supplies and the shift toward the energy transition, it has never been more important to look for alternative sources of energy. Globally there are tens of thousands of abandoned oil fields with considerable reserves left behind.
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2883/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            With the changing picture of global energy supplies and the shift toward the energy transition, it has never been more important to look for alternative sources of energy. Globally there are tens of thousands of abandoned oil fields with considerable reserves left behind. These have the potential to be reactivated to become an energy supply that is cleaner than conventional oil and gas. This can be achieved by the use of in situ combustion and the subsequent exploitation of the inherent increase in temperature and pressure to produce geothermal energy, allied to sequestration of the mixture of produced fluids. In situ combustion (ISC) has conventionally been used as an enhanced oil recovery technique, with a high failure rate that has been recently attributed to poor reservoir selection and project design. We suggest that the failure of many earlier ISC projects is due to insufficient appreciation of how the subsurface geology affects the process. With the use of computer numerical modelling, we aim to ascertain how the geometry and heterogeneity of the reservoir control the success of the process. Here we employ simple three-dimensional sector models to assess a variety of different petrophysical heterogeneities, within a set of different reservoir geometries, on the temperature, velocity, propagation stability and enthalpy rate. These models illustrate that the biggest impact on success of the ISC process for geothermal energy generation, as a function of temperature and enthalpy, is the location of the wells relative to the heterogeneities and the scale of heterogeneities. Metre-scale heterogeneities do not have a significant effect on this. Instead, the biggest contributor to the propagation stability and direction of the fire front is the presence of a large-scale (10 s to 100 s of metres) heterogeneities, such as channels, or the geometry of a tilted fault block; both have a strong control over the direction of the propagation, and therefore are important factors with regards to well placement.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2883">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/01736AEQQ6
">Advanced Reservoir Simulation and Modelling, Thermal and Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2883/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545240"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545240"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545240" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545240" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545240" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545240-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g001-550.jpg?1734401550" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545240" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g002-550.jpg?1734401551'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g003-550.jpg?1734401553'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g004-550.jpg?1734401554'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g005-550.jpg?1734401556'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g006-550.jpg?1734401558'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g007-550.jpg?1734401560'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g008-550.jpg?1734401563'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g009-550.jpg?1734401564'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g010-550.jpg?1734401566'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g011-550.jpg?1734401568'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g012-550.jpg?1734401571'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g013-550.jpg?1734401572'><p>Figure 13</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g014-550.jpg?1734401574'><p>Figure 14</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g015-550.jpg?1734401576'><p>Figure 15</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g016-550.jpg?1734401578'><p>Figure 16</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g017-550.jpg?1734401580'><p>Figure 17</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g018-550.jpg?1734401581'><p>Figure 18</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g019-550.jpg?1734401583'><p>Figure 19</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1545240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g020-550.jpg?1734401585'><p>Figure 20</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545240-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g001-550.jpg?1734401550" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545240-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g001-550.jpg?1734401550" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Relative permeability curves used in all simulations: (<b>a</b>) oil–water relative permeability and (<b>b</b>) liquid–gas relative permeability curves with temperature dependence included [<a href=&quot;#B62-processes-12-02883&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>62</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g002-550.jpg?1734401551" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Viscosity vs. temperature graphs to illustrate how the initial oil viscosity decreases with increasing temperature [<a href=&quot;#B64-processes-12-02883&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>64</a>,<a href=&quot;#B65-processes-12-02883&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>65</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g003-550.jpg?1734401553" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Diagrams of each of the different geometries that is used for the model, with injection and production wells marked and depth scale. (<b>a</b>) Base–case cube model without any tectonic structure, (<b>b</b>) periclinal fold with four-way dip closure, (<b>c</b>) tilted fault block dipping at 45°.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g004-550.jpg?1734401554" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Porosity distribution of the three heterogeneous sub-models (note that the homogeneous model is not represented here). (<b>a</b>) Gaussian distribution of porosity with a mean porosity of 20% and standard deviation of 4; (<b>b</b>) facies-controlled heterogeneity of a single channel of defined orientation that, in this case, is not intersected by the injector or producer wells; (<b>c</b>) layered model with alternating 5% and 20 percent layers. All models’ permeabilities are derived from the Kozeny–Carman relationship (Equation (1)), each sub model is used with each geo-model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g005-550.jpg?1734401556" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Oil saturation distribution plots with the fire front marked, for each of the different type A models, no heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Model 1-A, homogeneous cube geometry, revealing the development of a wedge-shaped fire front moving more at the top than the base of the structure. (<b>b</b>) Model 2-A, homogeneous periclinal fold, illustrating the development of a wedge-shaped fire front with the majority of the oil bank to the top of the reservoir. (<b>c</b>) Model 3-A, homogenous tilted fault block, revealing a strong preference for the migration of oil up-dip and to the left of the reservoir.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g006-550.jpg?1734401558" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of average properties by layer for each homogenous model. (<b>a</b>) Average temperature of six hottest points. (<b>b</b>) Average velocity of the six hottest points. (<b>c</b>) Average propagation angle with respect to the production and injection wells for the six hottest points.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g007-550.jpg?1734401560" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Oil saturation distribution plots with the fire front marked on for each of the different type B models, with heterogeneous distribution of petrophysical properties. (<b>a</b>) Model 1-B, randomly distributed heterogeneity cube geometry, revealing a distorted fire front moving predominantly to the left of the grid and beginning to split (<b>b</b>) Model 2-B, randomly distributed heterogeneity periclinal fold, revealing a distorted shape to the fire front but moving towards the apex of the structure. (<b>c</b>) Model 3-B, randomly distributed heterogeneity tilted fault block, showing that the fire front preferentially migrates up-dip as well as the formation of a small movement towards the production well.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g008-550.jpg?1734401563" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of average properties by layer for each randomly distributed heterogeneity model. (<b>a</b>) Average temperature of six hottest points. (<b>b</b>) Average velocity of the six hottest points. (<b>c</b>) Average propagation angle with respect to the production and injection wells for the six hottest points.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g009-550.jpg?1734401564" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Oil saturation distribution plots with the fire front marked on for each of the different type C models, facies-controlled (channel) petrophysical heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Model 1-C, facies-controlled heterogeneity cube geometry, revealing minor movement of oil to the right-hand side of the upper layers of the reservoir. (<b>b</b>) Model 2-C, facies-controlled periclinal fold, revealing a small displacement of oil around the injection well within the upper layers of the reservoir. (<b>c</b>) Model 3-C, facies-controlled tilted fault block, revealing extinction of the fire front before it could develop and no movement of oil.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g010-550.jpg?1734401566" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of average properties by layer for each facies-controlled heterogeneity model. (<b>a</b>) Average temperature of six hottest points. (<b>b</b>) Average velocity of the six hottest points. (<b>c</b>) Average propagation angle with respect to the production and injection wells for the six hottest points.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g011-550.jpg?1734401568" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Oil saturation distribution plots with the fire front marked on for each of the different type D models, with layered stratigraphic petrophysical heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Model 1-D, layered cube geometry, revealing the preferential movement of oil within the higher porosity and permeability layers. (<b>b</b>) Model 2-D, layered periclinal fold, showing the preferential movement of oil within the high-porosity and permeability layers and slight distortions of the fire front within the top layer. (<b>c</b>) Model 3-D, layered tilted fault block, illustrating the preferential movement of oil within the high-porosity and permeability layers and the preferential movement of the fire front up-dip.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g012-550.jpg?1734401571" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of average properties by layer for each layered model. (<b>a</b>) Average temperature of the six hottest points. (<b>b</b>) Average velocity of the six hottest points. (<b>c</b>) Average propagation angle with respect to the production and injection wells for the six hottest points.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g013-550.jpg?1734401572" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graph to illustrate the cumulative enthalpy of each model when run for a duration of 5 years, not including models 2-A, 3-A, or 3-B, as these models did not run to completion. Given the selected orientation of the channel relative to the injector and producer wells, the facies-controlled heterogeneity models do not develop a significant fire front and do not generate any significant enthalpy after 5 years. The other models generate enthalpy after 5 years, with the cube models generating earlier than others.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g014-550.jpg?1734401574" title="
                    <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graph of the temperature difference compared to the base–case cube model to determine the different effects on the peak average temperature when changing the geometry of the reservoir for each heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Homogeneous reservoir. (<b>b</b>) Randomly distributed heterogeneity. (<b>c</b>) Facies-controlled (channel) heterogeneity. (<b>d</b>) Layered reservoir.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g015-550.jpg?1734401576" title="
                    <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graph of the velocity difference compared to the base–case cube model to ascertain the different effects on the velocity when changing the geometry of the reservoir for each heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Homogeneous reservoir. (<b>b</b>) Randomly distributed heterogeneity. (<b>c</b>) Facies-controlled (channel) heterogeneity. (<b>d</b>) Layered reservoir.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g016-550.jpg?1734401578" title="
                    <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graph of the propagation angle difference compared to the base–case cube model to ascertain the different effects on the propagation angle when changing the geometry of the reservoir for each heterogeneity. (<b>a</b>) Homogeneous reservoir. (<b>b</b>) Randomly distributed heterogeneity. (<b>c</b>) Facies-controlled (channel) heterogeneity. (<b>d</b>) Layered reservoir.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g017-550.jpg?1734401580" title="
                    <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of the temperature difference compared to the base–case homogeneous model to illustrate the different effects of the changing petrophysical heterogeneity for each reservoir geometry. (<b>a</b>) Cube model. (<b>b</b>) Periclinal fold model. (<b>c</b>) Tilted fault block model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g018-550.jpg?1734401581" title="
                    <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of the velocity difference compared to the base–case homogeneous model to illustrate the different effects of the changing petrophysical heterogeneity for each reservoir geometry. (<b>a</b>) Cube model. (<b>b</b>) Periclinal fold model. (<b>c</b>) Tilted fault block model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g019-550.jpg?1734401583" title="
                    <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs of the propagation angle difference compared to the base–case homogeneous model to illustrate the different effects of the changing petrophysical heterogeneity for each reservoir geometry. (<b>a</b>) Cube model. (<b>b</b>) Periclinal fold model. (<b>c</b>) Tilted fault block model.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02883/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02883-g020-550.jpg?1734401585" title="
                    <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Box and whisker pots of the difference between the cube and the other geometries, and between the homogeneous reservoir with the heterogeneous reservoirs, showing the interquartile ranges, median average and outliers. (<b>a</b>) Overall effects of temperature. (<b>b</b>) Overall effects on velocity. (<b>c</b>) Overall effects on propagation angle.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2883'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                21 pages,                3665 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2882/pdf?version=1734427517" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Development of Functional Bread: Exploring the Nutritional, Bioactive and Microbial Potential of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Pulp Powder" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2882">Development of Functional Bread: Exploring the Nutritional, Bioactive and Microbial Potential of Carob (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> L.) Pulp Powder</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jana Zahorec</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dragana Šoronja-Simović</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jovana Petrović</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zita Šereš</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Branimir Pavlić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Danica Božović</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lidija Perović</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikola Martić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sandra Bulut</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2882; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122882">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122882</a> - 16 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            For the development of a high-quality functional bread, it is of crucial importance to find a compromise between improving the functional value of the product and impairing its quality. Therefore, the primary aim of this work was to define the effects of carob
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2882/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            For the development of a high-quality functional bread, it is of crucial importance to find a compromise between improving the functional value of the product and impairing its quality. Therefore, the primary aim of this work was to define the effects of carob pulp powder (CP; 10–20% on flour basis) on the rheological behavior of dough and quality parameters of bread. The introduction of CP caused a major increase in dough resistance to extension while significantly decreasing dough extensibility, resulting in a lower volume with a denser crumb structure of the obtained bread samples. The negative effects of the CP on the dough and bread characteristics were partially compensated by the addition of dry sourdough (DS) as an improver at the level of 5–10% (flour basis). It was determined that by combining 15% CP and 10% DS, bread of very good sensory quality can be produced. The content of total dietary fiber (6.48 g), Mn (0.76 mg) and Cu (0.21 mg) per 100 g of the mentioned bread was sufficient for the nutritional claims “high in fiber”, “high in manganese” and “source of copper”. The obtained bread had a content of total phenols 10 times higher than the control and 5.5, 12 and 26 times higher antioxidant activity determined by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. Moreover, microbiological tests confirmed the durability of the bread with 15% CP and 10% DS of up to seven days. Therefore, carob pulp powder can be successfully applied in the production of bread whose characteristics are adapted to modern trends in nutrition.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2882">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/XO3G85DX60
">Design of Food Processing and Technologies: Studies on Physical Properties, Thermodynamics, Rheology and Emulsification</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2882/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545218"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545218"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545218" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545218" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545218" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545218-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g001-550.jpg?1734427643" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545218" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g002-550.jpg?1734427644'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g003-550.jpg?1734427646'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g004-550.jpg?1734427647'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g005-550.jpg?1734427648'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g006-550.jpg?1734427652'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g007-550.jpg?1734427654'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545218-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g008-550.jpg?1734427655'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545218-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g001-550.jpg?1734427643" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545218-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g001-550.jpg?1734427643" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Carob pulp powder (<b>a</b>) untreated and (<b>b</b>) pre-hydrated.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g002-550.jpg?1734427644" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Influence of carob pulp powder (CP) and dry sourdough (DS) addition on (<b>a</b>) resistance and (<b>b</b>) extensibility.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g003-550.jpg?1734427646" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dough sample with 15% carob pulp powder for extensographic testing after 45 min rest period: (<b>a</b>) with 0% of dry sourdough; (<b>b</b>) with 10% of dry sourdough.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g004-550.jpg?1734427647" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Influence of carob pulp powder (CP) and dry sourdough (DS) on energy and the ratio of resistance to extensibility (R/E ratio).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g005-550.jpg?1734427648" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Specific volume of bread as a function of the addition of carob pulp powder (CP) and dry sourdough (DS); results in bars marked with different lowercase letters are significantly different (<span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>p</span> &amp;lt; 0.05).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g006-550.jpg?1734427652" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>External appearance and crumb structure of bread samples with carob pulp powder (CP) and dry sourdough (DS).</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g007-550.jpg?1734427654" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of radial growth of <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>Aspergillus flavus</span> on bread composition.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02882/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02882-g008-550.jpg?1734427655" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of radial growth of <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>Penicillium aurantiogriseum</span> on bread composition.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2882'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                13 pages,                1715 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2881/pdf?version=1734428529" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Study on the Seepage Model of Three-Dimensional Vertical Well Based on the Boundary Element Method" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2881">Study on the Seepage Model of Three-Dimensional Vertical Well Based on the Boundary Element Method</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jialin Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zongxiao Ren</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinwei Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinliang Han</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhaoyang Fan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hui Zhao</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2881; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122881">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122881</a> - 16 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            As one of the main numerical methods, the boundary element method boasts the advantages of fast computation speed and high accuracy. Based on the considerations of the influence of pressure drop, perforation height, skin coefficient, reservoir coefficient, and reservoir radius on the seepage
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2881/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            As one of the main numerical methods, the boundary element method boasts the advantages of fast computation speed and high accuracy. Based on the considerations of the influence of pressure drop, perforation height, skin coefficient, reservoir coefficient, and reservoir radius on the seepage law, a novel three-dimensional seepage model for vertical wells was established using the Laplace transform method and Stehfest numerical inversion method. The model was utilized to examine the velocity of pressure propagation and drop amplitude, revealing that the near-well area experienced faster propagation and drop than the far-well area. During dimensional analysis, it was observed that neglecting the effects of formation pressure change could lead to a substantial increase in the dimensional error of bottom hole pressure, with a maximum error of 9.45% recorded in this study. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on perforation length, wellbore reservoir coefficient, skin coefficient, and reservoir radius to further elucidate the seepage law of vertical wells. This study provides theoretical guidance for oil and gas production. The original contribution of this research lies in the incorporation of formation pressure changes into the three-dimensional seepage model of vertical wells for the first time, which significantly enhances the model’s accuracy and practicality.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2881">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/Energy_Systems">Energy Systems</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2881/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545210"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545210"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545210" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545210" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545210" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545210-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g001-550.jpg?1734428733" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545210" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g002-550.jpg?1734428735'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g003-550.jpg?1734428737'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g004-550.jpg?1734428739'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g005-550.jpg?1734428742'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g006-550.jpg?1734428744'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545210-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g007-550.jpg?1734428746'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545210-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g001-550.jpg?1734428733" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545210-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g001-550.jpg?1734428733" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Model comparison results.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g002-550.jpg?1734428735" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Bottom hole Pressure Comparison.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g003-550.jpg?1734428737" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Pressure drop variation by reservoir position.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g004-550.jpg?1734428739" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Analysis of perforation high sensitivity.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g005-550.jpg?1734428742" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Sensitivity analysis of skin coefficient.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g006-550.jpg?1734428744" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Sensitivity analysis of wellbore storage coefficient.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02881/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02881-g007-550.jpg?1734428746" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Sensitivity analysis of reservoir radius.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2881'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                23 pages,                5063 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2880/pdf?version=1734419637" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Synthesis, Rheology, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable PVA-Based Composite Films: A Review on Recent Progress" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2880">Synthesis, Rheology, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable PVA-Based Composite Films: A Review on Recent Progress</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Khan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Md. Mahamudul Hasan Rumon</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mobinul Islam</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2880; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122880">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122880</a> - 16 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Biodegradable polymers play an important role in environmental concerns compared to non-biodegradable polymers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable polymer with film-forming properties with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and are considered for numerous practical applications in the industry, like food packaging, pharmaceuticals, and
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2880/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Biodegradable polymers play an important role in environmental concerns compared to non-biodegradable polymers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable polymer with film-forming properties with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and are considered for numerous practical applications in the industry, like food packaging, pharmaceuticals, and so on. The synthesis of PVA with promising properties like rheology, morphology, and mechanical performance is significant from the application point of view in industrial sectors. It is vital to realize the drawbacks and promising prospects associated with PVA rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties and how to address the problems concerning these properties. The present review describes the contemporary advancement of numerous synthesis approaches of PVA-based composite films and their rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties. This comprehensive review offers a comprehensive discussion of various strategies to enhance the rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties of composite films. It emphasizes modifications using environmentally friendly materials such as nanoparticles, metal oxides, polymers, and others. Additionally, existing challenges and the potential for forthcoming advancements in the properties of such composite films are discussed. The correlation between the PVA-based composite films and their promising properties like rheology, morphology, and mechanical performance may provide a reference for new insights into their applications in industrial sectors.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2880">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Special Issue <a href="        
    /journal/processes/special_issues/I30482L7ZZ
">Advances in Rheology, Biodegradability and Mechanical Properties of Polymers</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2880/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545153"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545153"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545153" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545153" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545153" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545153-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g001-550.jpg?1734419708" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545153" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g002-550.jpg?1734419710'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g003-550.jpg?1734419714'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g004-550.jpg?1734419721'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g005-550.jpg?1734419726'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g006-550.jpg?1734419727'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g007-550.jpg?1734419728'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g008-550.jpg?1734419732'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545153-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g009-550.jpg?1734419733'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545153-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g001-550.jpg?1734419708" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545153-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g001-550.jpg?1734419708" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Synthesis of PVA-based composite materials [<a href=&quot;#B32-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>32</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g002-550.jpg?1734419710" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Formation of PVA-based bio nanocomposite films with numerous biopolymers, organic and inorganic functional materials, and their mixed conditions [<a href=&quot;#B1-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>1</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g003-550.jpg?1734419714" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) TEM micrographs of PVA/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composites synthesized at various compositions of CNF (vol%) [<a href=&quot;#B55-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>55</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g004-550.jpg?1734419721" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>FESEM micrographs of tensile fractured surface of PVA and PVA/CNF composites (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>). The PVA/CNF composites were synthesized at various compositions of CNF (vol%) [<a href=&quot;#B55-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>55</a>].</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g005-550.jpg?1734419726" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>SEM micrographs (cross-section) of PBC reinforced with Se-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> particles and hydroxyapitate (HA), with distinct particulars (different PVA samples with and without HA): (<b>a</b>) PVA 10%; (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) PVA HA; (<b>d</b>) PVA 400; (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) PVA 400HA; (<b>g</b>) PVA 600; (<b>h</b>,<b>i</b>) PVA 600HA; (<b>j</b>) PVA 800; (<b>k</b>,<b>l</b>) PVA 800HA [<a href=&quot;#B58-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>58</a>]. Copyright, 2020, MDPI.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g006-550.jpg?1734419727" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Graphs depicting the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of pristine PVA hydrogels compared to PVA/GG hydrogels with varying concentrations of GG. The figure is adapted from ref. [<a href=&quot;#B91-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>91</a>]. Copyright 2022, MDPI.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g007-550.jpg?1734419728" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>DMTA shows the G′ as a function of temperature for (<b>a</b>) pure PVA, (<b>b</b>) 0.5% GO, (<b>c</b>) 1% GO, and (<b>d</b>) 1.5% GO-reinforced PVA nanocomposite films. The figure is adapted with permission from ref. [<a href=&quot;#B97-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>97</a>]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g008-550.jpg?1734419732" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Mechanical behavior of the PVA/EMImAc/H<sub>2</sub>O Hydrogel at Subzero Temperatures. (<b>A</b>) Demonstration of twisting and knotting of the PVA/EMImAc/H<sub>2</sub>O hydrogel at 25 °C and −50 °C. (<b>B</b>) Visual form of PVA/H<sub>2</sub>O hydrogel at 25 °C and −20 °C. (<b>C</b>) Compression and retrieval behavior of PVA/EMImAc/H<sub>2</sub>O hydrogel at −50 °C. (<b>D</b>) Stress–strain curves representing the PVA/EMImAc/H<sub>2</sub>O hydrogel at various temperatures. (<b>E</b>) Cyclic compressive loading–unloading curves of PVA/EMImAc/H<sub>2</sub>O hydrogel at −50 °C. The figure is adapted with permission from the ref. [<a href=&quot;#B137-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>137</a>], Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02880/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02880-g009-550.jpg?1734419733" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>(<b>a</b>) Representative stress–strain curves for PVA/HA–Fe<sup>3+</sup> hydrogels synthesized with varying HA concentrations. (<b>b</b>) Stress and strain of hydrogels as a function of HA content. (<b>c</b>) Toughness and (<b>d</b>) elastic modulus of PVA/HA–Fe<sup>3+</sup> hydrogels fabricated with different HA concentrations. The figure is adapted with permission from the ref. [<a href=&quot;#B146-processes-12-02880&quot; class=&quot;html-bibr&quot;>146</a>]. Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2880'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                                <div class="expanding-div collapsed">
                    <div class="generic-item article-item">
                        





<div class="article-content">

        
        
                    <div class="label right label__btn">
            <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;">
                19 pages,                3693 KiB
                &nbsp;
            </span>

            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2879/pdf?version=1734451228" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Kinetics and Reusability of Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents in Continuous Extraction Processes in a Pilot Setting" data-journal="processes">
                <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div>
    
    <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2879">Kinetics and Reusability of Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents in Continuous Extraction Processes in a Pilot Setting</a>

                        <div class="authors">
            by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Arina V. Kozhevnikova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dmitriy V. Lobovich</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikita A. Milevskii</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Igor S. Fedulov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yulia A. Zakhodyaeva</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrey A. Voshkin</strong></span>        </div>
    
                
        <div class="color-grey-dark">
        <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2879; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122879 (registering&nbsp;DOI) - 16 Dec 2024
    </div>

                            
    
                    

<div class="abstract-div">
        <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;">
                    <strong>Abstract </strong>
            </a>

            <div class="abstract-cropped inline">
            Hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES) show significant promise as extractants for metal ions. At their current stage of development, however, they have many disadvantages, such as high costs, limited data on reusability and, often, lower extraction efficiency when compared with traditional extraction systems. This
            <a href="#" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2879/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a>
        </div>
        <div class="abstract-full ">
            Hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES) show significant promise as extractants for metal ions. At their current stage of development, however, they have many disadvantages, such as high costs, limited data on reusability and, often, lower extraction efficiency when compared with traditional extraction systems. This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of five HES formulations based on 1-octanol in combination with camphor, 2′-hydroxypropiophenone, menthol, 1-octanoic acid, and thymol. The 1-octanol/camphor HES exhibited substantially higher extraction efficiency for Fe(III) ions than a solution of 1-octanol in toluene at the same concentration. Furthermore, it showed stability when used in a mixer-settler type extractor. The 1-octanol/camphor HES achieved a rapid extraction and re-extraction rate, with phase contact time reduced to just 2 min, without loss of extraction efficiency. Using the supported liquid membrane method, the proposed Oct/Cam HES enabled a threefold concentration of iron ions in the raffinate phase under continuous operation, confirming its potential for reusability.
            <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2879">Full article</a>
        </div>
    </div>

                        


    <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
        
        
                    (This article belongs to the  Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/chemical_systems">Chemical Processes and Systems</a>)<br>
            </div>
        
        

<a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2879/show"><span>►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span>
             Show Figures
         </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1545144"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1545144"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1545144" data-cycle-prev="#prev1545144" data-cycle-progressive="#images1545144" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false" style="position: relative;"><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-sentinel" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545144-popup" style="position: static; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: hidden;"><span class="helper" style="visibility: hidden;"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g001-550.jpg?1734451347" alt="" style="border: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><p style="visibility: hidden;">Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1545144" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g002-550.jpg?1734451347'><p>Figure 2</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g003-550.jpg?1734451348'><p>Figure 3</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g004-550.jpg?1734451349'><p>Figure 4</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g005-550.jpg?1734451350'><p>Figure 5</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g006-550.jpg?1734451351'><p>Figure 6</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g007-550.jpg?1734451354'><p>Figure 7</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g008-550.jpg?1734451355'><p>Figure 8</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g009-550.jpg?1734451357'><p>Figure 9</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g010-550.jpg?1734451358'><p>Figure 10</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g011-550.jpg?1734451360'><p>Figure 11</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g012-550.jpg?1734451362'><p>Figure 12</p></div>
                            ---                                                                                <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1545144-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g013-550.jpg?1734451362'><p>Figure 13</p></div></script><div class="openpopupgallery cycle-slide cycle-slide-active" data-imgindex="0" data-target="article-1545144-popup" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99; opacity: 1; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g001-550.jpg?1734451347" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1545144-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g001-550.jpg?1734451347" title="
                    <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Density (<b>a</b>) and dynamic viscosity (<b>b</b>) of HES based on 1-octanol, depending on temperature.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g002-550.jpg?1734451347" title="
                    <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The extraction efficiency of Fe(III) ions was evaluated as a function of phase contact time in a solution containing 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl, and 2 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>; V<sub>aq</sub>/V<sub>HES</sub> = 1/1, T = 25 °C.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g003-550.jpg?1734451348" title="
                    <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of the degree of extraction of Fe(III) ions from 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl solution on the initial concentration of CaCl<sub>2</sub> in the aqueous phase; V<sub>aq</sub>/V<sub>HES</sub> = 1/1, T = 25 °C, phase contact time = 5 min.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g004-550.jpg?1734451349" title="
                    <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of the degree of extraction of Fe(III) ions from 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl solution on the ratio of aqueous and organic phases; T = 25 °C, phase contact time = 5 min.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g005-550.jpg?1734451350" title="
                    <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of the degree of stripping of Fe(III) ions from the phase of HES (obtained by extraction of Fe(III) from solution 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl, and 2 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>) by distilled water on the time of phase contact: V<sub>HES</sub>/V<sub>water</sub> = 1/1, T = 25 °C.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g006-550.jpg?1734451351" title="
                    <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of the degree of extraction of Fe(III) ions from 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl solution, <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>aq</sub>/<span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>HES</sub> = 1/1, T = 25 °C, phase contact time = 5 min, depending on the extraction/stripping cycle.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g007-550.jpg?1734451354" title="
                    <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/>
                                            <p>IR spectra before (1) and after (2) extraction/re-extraction cycles. HES: (<b>a</b>) Oct/Cam, (<b>b</b>) Oct/Hpph, (<b>c</b>) Oct/Men, (<b>d</b>) Oct/OctA, (<b>e</b>) Oct/Thy.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g008-550.jpg?1734451355" title="
                    <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The dependence of the degree of HCl extraction on its initial concentration using HES Oct/Cam. V<sub>aq</sub>/V<sub>HES</sub> = 1/1, T = 25 °C, phase contact time = 60 min.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g009-550.jpg?1734451357" title="
                    <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Dependence of the degree of Fe(III) extraction from 0.01 mol/L Fe(III), 2 mol/L HCl, and 0.75 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub> solution, T = 25 °C, stripping by distilled water, on the operating time of the installation, with equal volume flow rates of phases—250 mL/h when using the HES Oct/Cam in the supported liquid membrane method.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g010-550.jpg?1734451358" title="
                    <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The dependence of the degree of extraction of Fe(III) (blue dots) and the degree of stripping (green dots) on the total volume flow per extraction cell when using HES Oct/Cam.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g011-550.jpg?1734451360" title="
                    <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The concentration of Fe(III) in the raffinate (<b>a</b>) and re-extraction (<b>b</b>) phases depends on the <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>1</sub>/<span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>2</sub> ratio at W/<span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>1</sub> = 2 when using HES Oct/Cam in the supported liquid membrane method.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g012-550.jpg?1734451362" title="
                    <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/>
                                            <p>The scheme of a lab prototype, which works using the supported liquid membrane method. MS—mixer-settler extractor, P—peristatic pump.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02879/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02879-g013-550.jpg?1734451362" title="
                    <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/>
                                            <p>Scheme of supported liquid membrane extraction: 1—extraction block, 2—stripping block, <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>1</sub>—feed solution (0.01 mol/L FeCl<sub>3</sub> in 2 mol/L HCl) flow rate, <span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;>V</span><sub>2</sub>—stripping solution (distilled water) flow rate, W—HES flow rate.</p>
                                                                <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2879'>Full article</a></strong>
                                        "></a></div>    </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                            </div>

            <div class="generic-item last-item">
                <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&amp;journal=processes&amp;sort=pubdate&amp;page_count=50">More Articles...</a>
            </div>
                    </div>
    </div>
        
        </div>

        <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns">
                                                <div id="js-large-main-top-container">
        
    </div>

        
    <div class="show-for-medium-up">
            <div class="content__container banner-container" style="padding: 0px; display: block;">
                <div>
                    <div class="generic-item1">
                        <div id="bestAwardPaperAD" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;">
                            <div id="banner1" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="4" data-repeat-interval="10" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden;" value="yes"><div class="animation-content" style="position: relative; width: 10000px; padding: 0px"><div style="position:relative; display: block; float: left; padding:0; margin:0"><div class="bestPaper" style="margin: 15px 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://serve.mdpi.com/www/my_files/cliiik.php?oaparams=0bannerid=5613zoneid=4cb=5b8f09fb43oadest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abeq.org.br%2F" target="_blank"><img src="https://serve.mdpi.com/www/images/bcb05f489a37692b2d89207f7a3458c2.png" width="300" height="100" alt="Processes_Society_ABEQ" title="Processes_Society_ABEQ" border="0" style="width: 100px;"></a><div id="beacon_5b8f09fb43" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><img src="https://serve.mdpi.com/www/my_files/looog.php?bannerid=5613&amp;campaignid=59&amp;zoneid=4&amp;loc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fjournal%2Fprocesses%3Frandom%3D0.7142552609753225&amp;cb=5b8f09fb43" width="0" height="0" alt="" style="width: 100px; height: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    
        
            <div class="content__container extending-content collapsed content-ready" data-url="/journal/ajax/most_accessed_articles/164" style="display: block;">
                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2>Highly Accessed Articles</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                    <div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20no-border%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221529417%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2664%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3ETowards%20Sustainability%20in%20Hydraulic%20Machinery%20Manufacturing%20by%203D%20Printing%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DAbel%2520Remache%26orcid%3D0000-0001-6863-4104%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Abel%20Remache%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202664%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122664%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122664%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E26%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2664%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02664/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02664-g001-550.jpg%3F1732605693%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed no-border"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1529417"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2664"><span itemprop="name">Towards Sustainability in Hydraulic Machinery Manufacturing by 3D Printing</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Abel%20Remache&amp;orcid=0000-0001-6863-4104">
                Abel Remache            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2664; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122664">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122664</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">26 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2664" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02664/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02664-g001-550.jpg?1732605693" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221525840%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2616%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EMathematical%20Modeling%20and%20Experimental%20Validation%20for%20a%2050%20kW%20Alkaline%20Water%20Electrolyzer%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DMin%2520Liu%26orcid%3D0000-0002-6796-0669%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Min%20Liu%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202616%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122616%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122616%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E21%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2616%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02616/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02616-g001-550.jpg%3F1732178137%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1525840"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2616"><span itemprop="name">Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Validation for a 50 kW Alkaline Water Electrolyzer</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Min%20Liu&amp;orcid=0000-0002-6796-0669">
                Min Liu            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2616; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122616">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122616</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">21 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2616" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02616/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02616-g001-550.jpg?1732178137" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221534724%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2723%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EMulti-Objective%20Optimization%20in%20Industry%205.0%3A%20Human-Centric%20AI%20Integration%20for%20Sustainable%20and%20Intelligent%20Manufacturing%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DShu-Chuan%2520Chen%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Shu-Chuan%20Chen%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202723%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122723%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122723%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E2%20December%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2723%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02723/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02723-g001-550.jpg%3F1733125352%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1534724"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2723"><span itemprop="name">Multi-Objective Optimization in Industry 5.0: Human-Centric AI Integration for Sustainable and Intelligent Manufacturing</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Shu-Chuan%20Chen&amp;orcid=">
                Shu-Chuan Chen            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2723; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122723">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122723</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">2 December 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2723" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02723/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02723-g001-550.jpg?1733125352" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221533885%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2707%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EReview%20of%20the%20Chinese%20Aluminum%20Industry%26rsquo%3Bs%20Low-Carbon%20Development%20Driven%20by%20Carbon%20Tariffs%3A%20Challenges%20and%20Strategic%20Responses%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DTianshu%2520Hou%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Tianshu%20Hou%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202707%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122707%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122707%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E30%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2707%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02707/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02707-g001-550.jpg%3F1732959725%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1533885"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2707"><span itemprop="name">Review of the Chinese Aluminum Industry’s Low-Carbon Development Driven by Carbon Tariffs: Challenges and Strategic Responses</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Tianshu%20Hou&amp;orcid=">
                Tianshu Hou            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2707; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122707">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122707</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">30 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2707" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02707/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02707-g001-550.jpg?1732959725" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221520061%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2532%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EMulti-Criteria%20Decision%20Making%20in%20Chemical%20and%20Process%20Engineering%3A%20Methods%2C%20Progress%2C%20and%20Potential%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DZhiyuan%2520Wang%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Zhiyuan%20Wang%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202532%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112532%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112532%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E13%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2532%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02532/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02532-g001-550.jpg%3F1731499262%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1520061"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2532"><span itemprop="name">Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Chemical and Process Engineering: Methods, Progress, and Potential</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Zhiyuan%20Wang&amp;orcid=">
                Zhiyuan Wang            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2532; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112532">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112532</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">13 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2532" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02532/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02532-g001-550.jpg?1731499262" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221521032%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2545%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3ERecovery%20of%20Lesser-Known%20Strategic%20Metals%3A%20The%20Gallium%20and%20Germanium%20Cases%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DJose%2520Ignacio%2520Robla%26orcid%3D0000-0002-5009-8507%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Jose%20Ignacio%20Robla%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202545%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112545%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112545%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E14%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1521032"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2545"><span itemprop="name">Recovery of Lesser-Known Strategic Metals: The Gallium and Germanium Cases</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Jose%20Ignacio%20Robla&amp;orcid=0000-0002-5009-8507">
                Jose Ignacio Robla            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2545; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112545">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112545</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">14 November 2024</span>
                </div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221514491%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2444%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EExploring%20the%20Extraction%20and%20Application%20of%20Anthocyanins%20in%20Food%20Systems%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DConfidence%2520Tsholofelo%2520Nthimole%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Confidence%20Tsholofelo%20Nthimole%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202444%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112444%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112444%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E5%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2444%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02444/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02444-g001-550.jpg%3F1730812871%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1514491"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2444"><span itemprop="name">Exploring the Extraction and Application of Anthocyanins in Food Systems</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Confidence%20Tsholofelo%20Nthimole&amp;orcid=">
                Confidence Tsholofelo Nthimole            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2444; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112444">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112444</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">5 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2444" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02444/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02444-g001-550.jpg?1730812871" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221537657%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2773%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EThe%20Palaeocene%20Lista%20Shale%3A%20A%20Planned%20Carbon%20Capture%20and%20Storage%20Top%20Seal%20for%20the%20East%20Mey%20CO%3Csub%3E2%3C/sub%3E%20Storage%20Site%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DNourah%2520AlNajdi%26orcid%3D0000-0003-0676-9761%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Nourah%20AlNajdi%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202773%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122773%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122773%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E5%20December%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2773%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02773/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02773-g001-550.jpg%3F1733411472%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1537657"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2773"><span itemprop="name">The Palaeocene Lista Shale: A Planned Carbon Capture and Storage Top Seal for the East Mey CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Site</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Nourah%20AlNajdi&amp;orcid=0000-0003-0676-9761">
                Nourah AlNajdi            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2773; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122773">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122773</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">5 December 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2773" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02773/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02773-g001-550.jpg?1733411472" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221529393%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2663%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3ECarbon-Free%20H%3Csub%3E2%3C/sub%3E%20Production%20from%20Ammonia%20Decomposition%20over%203D-Printed%20Ni-Alloy%20Structures%20Activated%20with%20a%20Ru/Al%3Csub%3E2%3C/sub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C/sub%3E%20Catalyst%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DCristina%2520Italiano%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Cristina%20Italiano%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202663%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122663%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122663%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E26%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2663%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02663/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02663-g001-550.jpg%3F1733198596%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1529393"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2663"><span itemprop="name">Carbon-Free H<sub>2</sub> Production from Ammonia Decomposition over 3D-Printed Ni-Alloy Structures Activated with a Ru/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Cristina%20Italiano&amp;orcid=">
                Cristina Italiano            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2663; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122663">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122663</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">26 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2663" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02663/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02663-g001-550.jpg?1733198596" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221512995%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2423%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EDynamic%20Integrated%20Scheduling%20of%20Production%20Equipment%20and%20Automated%20Guided%20Vehicles%20in%20a%20Flexible%20Job%20Shop%20Based%20on%20Deep%20Reinforcement%20Learning%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DJingrui%2520Wang%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Jingrui%20Wang%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202423%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112423%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112423%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E2%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2423%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02423/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02423-g001-550.jpg%3F1730550492%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1512995"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2423"><span itemprop="name">Dynamic Integrated Scheduling of Production Equipment and Automated Guided Vehicles in a Flexible Job Shop Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Jingrui%20Wang&amp;orcid=">
                Jingrui Wang            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2423; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112423">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112423</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">2 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2423" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02423/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02423-g001-550.jpg?1730550492" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221535644%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2746%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EPhotocatalytic%20Composites%20Based%20on%20Biochar%20for%20Antibiotic%20and%20Dye%20Removal%20in%20Water%20Treatment%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22inlineblock%20%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EAmra%20Bratov%u010Di%u0107%3C/strong%3E%20and%20%3C/span%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22inlineblock%20%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EVesna%20Toma%u0161i%u0107%3C/strong%3E%3C/span%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202746%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122746%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122746%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E3%20December%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2746%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02746/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02746-g001-550.jpg%3F1733220086%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1535644"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2746"><span itemprop="name">Photocatalytic Composites Based on Biochar for Antibiotic and Dye Removal in Water Treatment</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Amra Bratovčić</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vesna Tomašić</strong></span></div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2746; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122746">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122746</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">3 December 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2746" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02746/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02746-g001-550.jpg?1733220086" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221533018%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2697%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3ECircularity%20and%20Digitalisation%20in%20German%20Textile%20Manufacturing%3A%20Towards%20a%20Blueprint%20for%20Strategy%20Development%20and%20Implementation%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22inlineblock%20%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ETina%20Wiegand%3C/strong%3E%20and%20%3C/span%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22inlineblock%20%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EMartin%20Wynn%3C/strong%3E%3C/span%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202697%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122697%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122697%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E29%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2697%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02697/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02697-g001-550.jpg%3F1733108414%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1533018"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2697"><span itemprop="name">Circularity and Digitalisation in German Textile Manufacturing: Towards a Blueprint for Strategy Development and Implementation</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                    <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tina Wiegand</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Martin Wynn</strong></span></div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2697; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122697">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122697</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">29 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2697" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02697/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02697-g001-550.jpg?1733108414" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221528230%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EArticle%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2648%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EOptimized%20Fault%20Classification%20in%20Electric%20Vehicle%20Drive%20Motors%20Using%20Advanced%20Machine%20Learning%20and%20Data%20Transformation%20Techniques%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DS.%2520Thirunavukkarasu%26orcid%3D%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20S.%20Thirunavukkarasu%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2812%29%2C%202648%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12122648%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12122648%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E24%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/12/2648%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02648/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02648-g001-550.jpg%3F1732442921%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1528230"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Article</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2648"><span itemprop="name">Optimized Fault Classification in Electric Vehicle Drive Motors Using Advanced Machine Learning and Data Transformation Techniques</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=S.%20Thirunavukkarasu&amp;orcid=">
                S. Thirunavukkarasu            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2648; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122648">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12122648</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">24 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2648" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02648/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02648-g001-550.jpg?1732442921" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221513873%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2434%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EHydrogen%20in%20Burners%3A%20Economic%20and%20Environmental%20Implications%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DMatheus%2520Henrique%2520Castanha%2520Cavalcanti%26orcid%3D0000-0002-3549-2370%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Matheus%20Henrique%20Castanha%20Cavalcanti%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202434%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112434%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112434%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E4%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2434%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02434/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02434-g001-550.jpg%3F1730793867%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1513873"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2434"><span itemprop="name">Hydrogen in Burners: Economic and Environmental Implications</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Matheus%20Henrique%20Castanha%20Cavalcanti&amp;orcid=0000-0002-3549-2370">
                Matheus Henrique Castanha Cavalcanti            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2434; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112434">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112434</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">4 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2434" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02434/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02434-g001-550.jpg?1730793867" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%20%20%20%20%0A%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20article-item%20most-accessed%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A//schema.org/ScholarlyArticle%22%20class%3D%22item%22%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20class%3D%22unique-dynamic-item%22%20value%3D%221516726%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22highly-accessed-text%22%3EReview%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%22%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2480%22%3E%3Cspan%20itemprop%3D%22name%22%3EParticle%20Size%20as%20an%20Indicator%20of%20Wheat%20Flour%20Quality%3A%20A%20Review%3C/span%3E%3C/a%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22authors%20text-information%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20by%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ca%20itemprop%3D%22author%22%20href%3D%22/search%3Fauthors%3DDariusz%2520Dziki%26orcid%3D0000-0003-4879-4404%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Dariusz%20Dziki%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20doi%22%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22color-grey-dark%22%3E%3Cem%3EProcesses%3C/em%3E%20%3Cb%3E2024%3C/b%3E%2C%20%3Cem%3E12%3C/em%3E%2811%29%2C%202480%3B%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/pr12112480%22%3Ehttps%3A//doi.org/%3Cwbr%3E10.3390/%3Cwbr%3Epr12112480%3C/a%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cbr/%3EPublished%3A%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%22%20itemprop%3D%22datePublished%22%3E8%20November%202024%3C/span%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22absgraph%22%20style%3D%22overflow%3A%20auto%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22/2227-9717/12/11/2480%22%20style%3D%22outline%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22abstractGraphicContainer%22%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22https%3A//pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02480/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02480-ag-550.jpg%3F1731064774%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22border%3A%200%3B%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style="">    
<div class="generic-item article-item most-accessed "><div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="item"><input type="hidden" class="unique-dynamic-item" value="1516726"><div class="highly-accessed-text">Review</div><a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/11/2480"><span itemprop="name">Particle Size as an Indicator of Wheat Flour Quality: A Review</span></a><div class="authors text-information">
                by
                                <a itemprop="author" href="/search?authors=Dariusz%20Dziki&amp;orcid=0000-0003-4879-4404">
                Dariusz Dziki            </a>
            et al.            </div><div>                    <span class="text-information doi"><span class="color-grey-dark"><em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(11), 2480; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112480">https://doi.org/<wbr>10.3390/<wbr>pr12112480</a></span><br>Published:</span>
                    <span class="text-information" itemprop="datePublished">8 November 2024</span>
                </div></div><div><div class="absgraph" style="overflow: auto;"><a href="/2227-9717/12/11/2480" style="outline: 0;"><div class="abstractGraphicContainer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02480/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02480-ag-550.jpg?1731064774" alt="" style="border: 0;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="last-item generic-item">
                        <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&amp;journal=processes&amp;sort=articles_stats_art_view_page&amp;page_count=50">View More...</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="content__container extending-content collapsed content-ready" data-url="/journal/ajax/latest_books/processes" style="display: block;">
                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2 class="show-for-small-only">Latest Books</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                    <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/books_logo_new.svg?76e680e5363e99ba?1734335954">
                    <div data-content-raw="%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20no-border%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22https%3A//schema.org/EBook%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22text-information%20highlight%22%3EReprint%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%20bold%22%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.mdpi.com/books/book/10245%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Natural%20Compounds%20Applications%20in%20Drug%20Discovery%20and%20Development%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20color-grey-dark%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Editors%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Alina%20%20Bora%2C%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Luminita%20%20Crisan%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/span%3E%3Cdiv%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%20padding%3A%2023px%2043px%3B%20background-color%3A%20%23f5f5f5%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.mdpi.com/books/book/10245%22%3E%3Cimg%20class%3D%22latestBooks%22%20src%3D%22https%3A//mdpi-res.com/bookfiles/book/10245/Natural_Compounds_Applications_in_Drug_Discovery_and_Development.jpg%3Fv%3D1734516187%22%20alt%3D%22Book%20cover%20image%22%20/%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded"><div class="generic-item no-border"><div itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/EBook"><div class="text-information highlight">Reprint</div><a class="title-link bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/10245">
            Natural Compounds Applications in Drug Discovery and Development
        </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">
                Editors:
                                     Alina  Bora, 
                                     Luminita  Crisan
                            </span><div style="text-align: center; padding: 23px 43px; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/10245"><img class="latestBooks" src="https://mdpi-res.com/bookfiles/book/10245/Natural_Compounds_Applications_in_Drug_Discovery_and_Development.jpg?v=1734516187" alt="Book cover image"></a></div></div></div></div><div data-content-raw="%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22generic-item%20%22%3E%3Cdiv%20itemscope%20itemtype%3D%22https%3A//schema.org/EBook%22%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22text-information%20highlight%22%3EReprint%3C/div%3E%3Ca%20class%3D%22title-link%20bold%22%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.mdpi.com/books/book/10213%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20CFD%20Applications%20in%20Energy%20Engineering%20Research%20and%20Simulation%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/a%3E%3Cspan%20class%3D%22text-information%20color-grey-dark%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Editor%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Alfredo%20%20Iranzo%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C/span%3E%3Cdiv%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%20padding%3A%2023px%2043px%3B%20background-color%3A%20%23f5f5f5%3B%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.mdpi.com/books/book/10213%22%3E%3Cimg%20class%3D%22latestBooks%22%20src%3D%22https%3A//mdpi-res.com/bookfiles/book/10213/CFD_Applications_in_Energy_Engineering_Research_and_Simulation.jpg%3Fv%3D1734516187%22%20alt%3D%22Book%20cover%20image%22%20/%3E%3C/a%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E%3C/div%3E" class="expanding-div expanded" style=""><div class="generic-item "><div itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/EBook"><div class="text-information highlight">Reprint</div><a class="title-link bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/10213">
            CFD Applications in Energy Engineering Research and Simulation
        </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">
                Editor:
                                     Alfredo  Iranzo
                            </span><div style="text-align: center; padding: 23px 43px; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/10213"><img class="latestBooks" src="https://mdpi-res.com/bookfiles/book/10213/CFD_Applications_in_Energy_Engineering_Research_and_Simulation.jpg?v=1734516187" alt="Book cover image"></a></div></div></div></div><div class="last-item generic-item">
                        <a class="bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/search?type%5B%5D=Reprint&amp;journal_facet%5B%5D=Processes" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">More Books and Reprints...</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
                        </div>

                <div id="right-column" class="content__column large-25 medium-3 small-12 columns">
                                        <div class="content__container">
            <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                <h2>E-Mail Alert</h2>
            </div>

                        <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                <div id="journal-alerts" class="generic-item last-item no-border condensed-small">
                    <form method="post" action="/subscribe" id="subscribeForm" style="margin:0; padding:0;" onsubmit="return false;">
                        <div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Add your e-mail address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal:</div>
                        <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter Your E-Mail Address..." required="required">
                        <input name="journals[]" type="hidden" value="processes">
                        <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="wH_JUp2X-YtapLSLKhaUiAd0prxGrTvpdvjtz-k5Zzo">
                        <input id="Email-Subscribe" class="button button--color button--full-width genericCaptcha UA_JournalSubscribeButton" name="email-button" value="Subscribe" type="submit">
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="content__container">
            <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                <h2>News</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                
        
            <div class="generic-item news-item no-border">

            <span class="text-information">17 December 2024</span>
            <br>
            <a class="title-link" href="/journal/processes/announcements/9993">Article Layout and Template Revised for Future Volumes</a>

                                </div>
            <div class="generic-item news-item ">

            <span class="text-information">6 December 2024</span>
            <br>
            <a class="title-link" href="/journal/processes/announcements/9928">MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO's Letter #18 - MDPI UK, Basel Job Fair, CETEF'24</a>

                                </div>
            <div class="generic-item news-item ">

            <span class="text-information">4 December 2024</span>
            <br>
            <a class="title-link" href="/journal/processes/announcements/9911"><strong>685 MDPI Editors Named Highly Cited Researchers in 2024</strong></a>

                                        <a href="/journal/processes/announcements/9911"><img style="margin: 5px 0; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/announcement/9911.jpg?1734335954"></a>
                    </div>
    
            <div class="generic-item last-item UI_NewsAnnounce">
            <a class="bold" href="/journal/processes/announcements">More News &amp; Announcements...</a>
        </div>
    

            </div>
        </div>

                    <div class="content__container selected-special-issues">
                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2>Topics</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                    <div class="generic-item button-type no-border">
                        <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/topics/proposal">
                            Propose a Topic
                        </a>
                    </div>
                    
                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
            Topic in 
            <span class="text-information italics times">Energies</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Sustainability</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Electricity</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/heating_cooling">
        District Heating and Cooling Systems
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Ahmad Arabkoohsar, Meisam Sadi<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 December 2024</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
            Topic in 
            <span class="text-information italics times">Electricity</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Electronics</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Energies</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Sustainability</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/UZC1C8640V">
        Integration of Renewable Energy
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Xiandong Ma, Mohamed Benbouzid, Sinisa Durovic, Hao Chen<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 31 December 2024</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
            Topic in 
            <span class="text-information italics times">Applied Sciences</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Energies</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Materials</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Fluids</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/P0V4487275">
        Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer Technologies
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Wei Li, Weiyu Tang, Junye Li, David Kukulka<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 31 January 2025</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
            Topic in 
            <span class="text-information italics times">Coatings</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">JMMP</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Materials</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Metals</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/0HO6EV4F7C">
        Alloys and Composites Corrosion and Mechanical Properties
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Jingxiang Xu, Zhenhua Chu, Xingwei Zheng<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 28 February 2025</span></div>                    
                                            <div class="generic-item last-item">
                            <a href="/topics?journal=processes" class="bold">More Topics</a>
                        </div>
                                    </div>
            </div>
        

                    <div class="show-for-medium-up">
                <div id="adBannerContent" class="content__container banner-container" style="text-align: center; display: block;">
                    <div id="banner2" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="2" data-repeat-interval="10" style="height: 600px; width: 160px; position: relative; margin: 0px auto; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;" value="yes"><div class="animation-content" style="position: relative; width: 10000px; padding: 0px"><div style="position:relative; display: block; float: left; padding:0; margin:0"><a href="https://serve.mdpi.com/www/my_files/cliiik.php?oaparams=0bannerid=11317zoneid=2cb=11170ba9f9oadest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fauthors%2Fenglish%3Futm_source%3Dmdpiweb%26utm_medium%3Dbanner%26utm_campaign%3DAS_Professional" target="_blank"><img src="https://serve.mdpi.com/www/images/9d5626a65a2190420ae30a6d24508e92.jpeg" width="160" height="600" alt="AS-professional" title="AS-professional" border="0" style="width: 160px;"></a></div></div></div>
                </div>
            </div>
        <div class="show-for-small">
            <div class="content__container banner-container">
                <div id="adBannerContentMobile" style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;">
                    <div id="banner3" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="7" style="width: 100%;" value="yes"></div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

                    <div class="content__container">
                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2>Conferences</h2> 
                </div>

                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                    <div class="generic-item button-type no-border">
                        <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/events/add">
                            Announce Your Conference
                        </a>
                    </div>

                                        
                                                                        <div class="generic-item"><span class="text-information">
        4–5 June 2025
    </span><a href="/journal/processes/events/17918" class="title-link bold">1st SUSTENS Meeting: Advances in Sustainable Engineering Systems</a><a href="/journal/processes/events/17918"><img style="margin: 5px 0; max-width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/misc/event_1735468457632.jpg?1734335954" border="0"></a></div>                                            
                                            <div class="generic-item last-item">
                            <a href="/journal/processes/events" class="bold">More Conferences...</a><br>
                        </div>

                                    </div>
            </div>
        
                    <div class="content__container selected-special-issues">

                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2>Special Issues</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                    <div class="generic-item button-type no-border">
                                                <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/journalproposal/sendproposalspecialissue/processes" data-path="/journal/processes">
                            Propose a Special Issue
                        </a>
                    </div>
                    
                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Special Issue in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/special_issues/V0YQ7404GT">
        Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editors: Tian Li, Zhenqing Liu, Weicheng Hu<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 December 2024</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Special Issue in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/special_issues/1K8267V5W1">
        Modeling and Optimization of Precision Micro-manufacturing
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editor: Weitai Huang<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 December 2024</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Special Issue in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/special_issues/Food_Waste_Valorisation">
        Promising Analytical and Technological Strategies for Agri-Food Waste Valorisation
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editors: Francesca Blasi, Aurélie Schoubben<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 December 2024</span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Special Issue in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/special_issues/0A93V9B2I5">
        Green Separation and Purification Processes
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editors: Inês Portugal, Carlos Manuel Silva, José Aniceto<br></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 December 2024</span></div>                    
                                            <div class="generic-item last-item">
                            <a href="/journal/processes/special_issues" class="bold">More Special Issues</a>
                        </div>
                                    </div>
            </div>
        
                    <div class="content__container selected-special-issues">
                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link">
                    <h2>Topical Collections</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up">
                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Topical Collection in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/topical_collections/chemicals_production">
        Process System Engineering for More Efficient Power and Chemicals Production
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Collection Editors: Fausto Gallucci, Vincenzo Spallina<br></span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Topical Collection in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/topical_collections/modular_design">
        Principles of Modular Design and Control in Complex Systems
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Collection Editor: Cong T. Trinh<br></span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Topical Collection in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/topical_collections/dynamics_complex_fluids">
        Modeling, Simulation and Computation on Dynamics of Complex Fluids
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Collection Editors: Gabriella Bognár, Krisztian Hriczo<br></span></div>                                            <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times">
                            Topical Collection in 
                    </span><span class="text-information italics times">Processes</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/processes/topical_collections/sustainable_supply_chain_management">
        Tools, Approaches and Modeling in Sustainable Supply Chain Management
    </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Collection Editors: Chih-Te Yang, Chi-Jie Lu<br></span></div>                    
                                            <div class="generic-item last-item">
                            <a href="/journal/processes/topical_collections" class="bold">More Topical Collections</a>
                        </div>
                                    </div>
            </div>
        
        
        
        <div class="column-padding" style="height: 0px;"></div>
    
                    </div>
    </div>

                                                
                    </div>
                </section>
          
                <div id="footer">
                        <div class="journal-info">
    <span>
        <em><a class="Var_JournalInfo" href="/journal/processes">Processes</a></em>,
        EISSN 2227-9717,
        Published by MDPI
    </span>

    <div class="large-right">
        <span>
            <a href="/rss/journal/processes" class="rss-link">RSS</a>
        </span>

        <span>
            <a href="/journal/processes/toc-alert">Content Alert</a>
        </span>

            </div>
</div>

                    <div class="row full-width footer-links" data-equalizer="footer" data-equalizer-mq="small">
                        
                        <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer" style="height: 233px;">
                            <h3>
                                Further Information
                            </h3>
                            
                            <a href="/apc">
                                Article Processing Charges
                            </a>
                            <a href="/about/payment">
                                Pay an Invoice
                            </a>
                            <a href="/openaccess">
                                Open Access Policy
                            </a>
                            <a href="/about/contact">
                                Contact MDPI
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Jobs at MDPI
                            </a>
                        </div>
                            
                        <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer" style="height: 233px;">
                            <h3>
                                Guidelines
                            </h3>
                            
                            <a href="/authors">
                                For Authors
                            </a>
                            <a href="/reviewers">
                                For Reviewers
                            </a>
                            <a href="/editors">
                                For Editors
                            </a>
                            <a href="/librarians">
                                For Librarians
                            </a>
                            <a href="/publishing_services">
                                For Publishers
                            </a>
                            <a href="/societies">
                                For Societies
                            </a>
                            <a href="/conference_organizers">
                                For Conference Organizers
                            </a>
                        </div>
                                        
                        <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns">
                            <h3>
                                MDPI Initiatives
                            </h3>
                            
                            <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Sciforum
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                MDPI Books
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Preprints.org
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Scilit
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://sciprofiles.com?utm_source=mpdi.com&amp;utm_medium=bottom_menu&amp;utm_campaign=initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                SciProfiles
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Encyclopedia
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                JAMS
                            </a>
                            <a href="/about/proceedings">
                                Proceedings Series
                            </a>
                        </div>

                        <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 right-border-large-without columns UA_FooterFollowMDPI">
                            <h3>
                                Follow MDPI
                            </h3>
                            
                            <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                LinkedIn
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Facebook
                            </a>
                            <a href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                                Twitter
                            </a>
                        </div>

                        <div id="footer-subscribe" class="large-4 large-pull-8 medium-12 small-12 left-border-large columns">
                            <div class="footer-subscribe__container">
                                <img class="show-for-large-up" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1734335954" alt="MDPI" title="MDPI Open Access Journals" style="height: 50px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
                                                                                                        <form id="newsletter" method="POST" action="/subscribe">
                                        <p>
                                            Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals
                                        </p>

                                        <select multiple="" id="newsletter-journal" class="foundation-select jqmsLoaded" name="journals[]" style="display: none;">
                                                                                            <option value="acoustics">Acoustics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="amh">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</option>
                                                                                            <option value="actuators">Actuators</option>
                                                                                            <option value="admsci">Administrative Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="adolescents">Adolescents</option>
                                                                                            <option value="arm">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="aerobiology">Aerobiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="aerospace">Aerospace</option>
                                                                                            <option value="agriculture">Agriculture</option>
                                                                                            <option value="agriengineering">AgriEngineering</option>
                                                                                            <option value="agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="agronomy">Agronomy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ai">AI</option>
                                                                                            <option value="air">Air</option>
                                                                                            <option value="algorithms">Algorithms</option>
                                                                                            <option value="allergies">Allergies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="alloys">Alloys</option>
                                                                                            <option value="analytica">Analytica</option>
                                                                                            <option value="analytics">Analytics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="anatomia">Anatomia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="anesthres">Anesthesia Research</option>
                                                                                            <option value="animals">Animals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="antibiotics">Antibiotics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="antibodies">Antibodies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="antioxidants">Antioxidants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="applbiosci">Applied Biosciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="applmech">Applied Mechanics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="applmicrobiol">Applied Microbiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="applnano">Applied Nano</option>
                                                                                            <option value="applsci">Applied Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="asi">Applied System Innovation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="appliedchem">AppliedChem</option>
                                                                                            <option value="appliedmath">AppliedMath</option>
                                                                                            <option value="aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="architecture">Architecture</option>
                                                                                            <option value="arthropoda">Arthropoda</option>
                                                                                            <option value="arts">Arts</option>
                                                                                            <option value="astronomy">Astronomy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="atmosphere">Atmosphere</option>
                                                                                            <option value="atoms">Atoms</option>
                                                                                            <option value="audiolres">Audiology Research</option>
                                                                                            <option value="automation">Automation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="axioms">Axioms</option>
                                                                                            <option value="bacteria">Bacteria</option>
                                                                                            <option value="batteries">Batteries</option>
                                                                                            <option value="behavsci">Behavioral Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="beverages">Beverages</option>
                                                                                            <option value="BDCC">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biochem">BioChem</option>
                                                                                            <option value="bioengineering">Bioengineering</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biologics">Biologics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biology">Biology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="blsf">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomass">Biomass</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomechanics">Biomechanics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomed">BioMed</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomedicines">Biomedicines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomedinformatics">BioMedInformatics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomimetics">Biomimetics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biomolecules">Biomolecules</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biophysica">Biophysica</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biosensors">Biosensors</option>
                                                                                            <option value="biotech">BioTech</option>
                                                                                            <option value="birds">Birds</option>
                                                                                            <option value="blockchains">Blockchains</option>
                                                                                            <option value="brainsci">Brain Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="buildings">Buildings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="businesses">Businesses</option>
                                                                                            <option value="carbon">C</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cancers">Cancers</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cardiogenetics">Cardiogenetics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="catalysts">Catalysts</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cells">Cells</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ceramics">Ceramics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="challenges">Challenges</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ChemEngineering">ChemEngineering</option>
                                                                                            <option value="chemistry">Chemistry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="chemproc">Chemistry Proceedings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="chemosensors">Chemosensors</option>
                                                                                            <option value="children">Children</option>
                                                                                            <option value="chips">Chips</option>
                                                                                            <option value="civileng">CivilEng</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cleantechnol">Clean Technologies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="climate">Climate</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ctn">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</option>
                                                                                            <option value="clinbioenerg">Clinical Bioenergetics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="clinpract">Clinics and Practice</option>
                                                                                            <option value="clockssleep">Clocks &amp; Sleep</option>
                                                                                            <option value="coasts">Coasts</option>
                                                                                            <option value="coatings">Coatings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="colloids">Colloids and Interfaces</option>
                                                                                            <option value="colorants">Colorants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="commodities">Commodities</option>
                                                                                            <option value="complications">Complications</option>
                                                                                            <option value="compounds">Compounds</option>
                                                                                            <option value="computation">Computation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="csmf">Computer Sciences &amp; Mathematics Forum</option>
                                                                                            <option value="computers">Computers</option>
                                                                                            <option value="condensedmatter">Condensed Matter</option>
                                                                                            <option value="conservation">Conservation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="constrmater">Construction Materials</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cmd">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cosmetics">Cosmetics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="covid">COVID</option>
                                                                                            <option value="crops">Crops</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cryo">Cryo</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cryptography">Cryptography</option>
                                                                                            <option value="crystals">Crystals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="cimb">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="curroncol">Current Oncology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dairy">Dairy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="data">Data</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dentistry">Dentistry Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dermato">Dermato</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dermatopathology">Dermatopathology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="designs">Designs</option>
                                                                                            <option value="diabetology">Diabetology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="diagnostics">Diagnostics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dietetics">Dietetics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="digital">Digital</option>
                                                                                            <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option>
                                                                                            <option value="diseases">Diseases</option>
                                                                                            <option value="diversity">Diversity</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dna">DNA</option>
                                                                                            <option value="drones">Drones</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option>
                                                                                            <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="earth">Earth</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="economies">Economies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="education">Education Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="electricity">Electricity</option>
                                                                                            <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option>
                                                                                            <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option>
                                                                                            <option value="electronics">Electronics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="energies">Energies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications</option>
                                                                                            <option value="eng">Eng</option>
                                                                                            <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="entropy">Entropy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="eesp">Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="environments">Environments</option>
                                                                                            <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fibers">Fibers</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fintech">FinTech</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fire">Fire</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fishes">Fishes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fluids">Fluids</option>
                                                                                            <option value="foods">Foods</option>
                                                                                            <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option>
                                                                                            <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="forests">Forests</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="foundations">Foundations</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional</option>
                                                                                            <option value="fuels">Fuels</option>
                                                                                            <option value="future">Future</option>
                                                                                            <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option>
                                                                                            <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="games">Games</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gases">Gases</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gels">Gels</option>
                                                                                            <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="genes">Genes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geographies">Geographies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geometry">Geometry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="glacies">Glacies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option>
                                                                                            <option value="grasses">Grasses</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hardware">Hardware</option>
                                                                                            <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hearts">Hearts</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hemato">Hemato</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="heritage">Heritage</option>
                                                                                            <option value="histories">Histories</option>
                                                                                            <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="humanities">Humanities</option>
                                                                                            <option value="humans">Humans</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option>
                                                                                            <option value="immuno">Immuno</option>
                                                                                            <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="informatics">Informatics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="information">Information</option>
                                                                                            <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option>
                                                                                            <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="insects">Insects</option>
                                                                                            <option value="instruments">Instruments</option>
                                                                                            <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option>
                                                                                            <option value="inventions">Inventions</option>
                                                                                            <option value="IoT">IoT</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option>
                                                                                            <option value="J">J</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical &amp; Translational Ophthalmology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access &amp; Health Policy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</option>
                                                                                            <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</option>
                                                                                            <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option>
                                                                                            <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option>
                                                                                            <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option>
                                                                                            <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option>
                                                                                            <option value="labmed">LabMed</option>
                                                                                            <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option>
                                                                                            <option value="land">Land</option>
                                                                                            <option value="languages">Languages</option>
                                                                                            <option value="laws">Laws</option>
                                                                                            <option value="life">Life</option>
                                                                                            <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option>
                                                                                            <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="liquids">Liquids</option>
                                                                                            <option value="literature">Literature</option>
                                                                                            <option value="livers">Livers</option>
                                                                                            <option value="logics">Logics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="logistics">Logistics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</option>
                                                                                            <option value="machines">Machines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="macromol">Macromol</option>
                                                                                            <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option>
                                                                                            <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option>
                                                                                            <option value="materials">Materials</option>
                                                                                            <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option>
                                                                                            <option value="medicina">Medicina</option>
                                                                                            <option value="medicines">Medicines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="membranes">Membranes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="merits">Merits</option>
                                                                                            <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option>
                                                                                            <option value="metals">Metals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="methane">Methane</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols</option>
                                                                                            <option value="metrics">Metrics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="metrology">Metrology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="micro">Micro</option>
                                                                                            <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option>
                                                                                            <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option>
                                                                                            <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="minerals">Minerals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mining">Mining</option>
                                                                                            <option value="modelling">Modelling</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="molbank">Molbank</option>
                                                                                            <option value="molecules">Molecules</option>
                                                                                            <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</option>
                                                                                            <option value="muscles">Muscles</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ndt">NDT</option>
                                                                                            <option value="network">Network</option>
                                                                                            <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option>
                                                                                            <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option>
                                                                                            <option value="obesities">Obesities</option>
                                                                                            <option value="oceans">Oceans</option>
                                                                                            <option value="onco">Onco</option>
                                                                                            <option value="optics">Optics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="oral">Oral</option>
                                                                                            <option value="organics">Organics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="organoids">Organoids</option>
                                                                                            <option value="osteology">Osteology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option>
                                                                                            <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="particles">Particles</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pets">Pets</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="photochem">Photochem</option>
                                                                                            <option value="photonics">Photonics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="phycology">Phycology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="physchem">Physchem</option>
                                                                                            <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option>
                                                                                            <option value="physics">Physics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option>
                                                                                            <option value="plants">Plants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="plasma">Plasma</option>
                                                                                            <option value="platforms">Platforms</option>
                                                                                            <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="polymers">Polymers</option>
                                                                                            <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option>
                                                                                            <option value="populations">Populations</option>
                                                                                            <option value="poultry">Poultry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="powders">Powders</option>
                                                                                            <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option>
                                                                                            <option value="processes">Processes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option>
                                                                                            <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option>
                                                                                            <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option>
                                                                                            <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option>
                                                                                            <option value="publications">Publications</option>
                                                                                            <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science</option>
                                                                                            <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option>
                                                                                            <option value="radiation">Radiation</option>
                                                                                            <option value="reactions">Reactions</option>
                                                                                            <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option>
                                                                                            <option value="receptors">Receptors</option>
                                                                                            <option value="recycling">Recycling</option>
                                                                                            <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="religions">Religions</option>
                                                                                            <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option>
                                                                                            <option value="reports">Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine</option>
                                                                                            <option value="resources">Resources</option>
                                                                                            <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option>
                                                                                            <option value="risks">Risks</option>
                                                                                            <option value="robotics">Robotics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option>
                                                                                            <option value="safety">Safety</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sci">Sci</option>
                                                                                            <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option>
                                                                                            <option value="seeds">Seeds</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sensors">Sensors</option>
                                                                                            <option value="separations">Separations</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sexes">Sexes</option>
                                                                                            <option value="signals">Signals</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option>
                                                                                            <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option>
                                                                                            <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="societies">Societies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="software">Software</option>
                                                                                            <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option>
                                                                                            <option value="solar">Solar</option>
                                                                                            <option value="solids">Solids</option>
                                                                                            <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sports">Sports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="standards">Standards</option>
                                                                                            <option value="stats">Stats</option>
                                                                                            <option value="stresses">Stresses</option>
                                                                                            <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option>
                                                                                            <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option>
                                                                                            <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option>
                                                                                            <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option>
                                                                                            <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option>
                                                                                            <option value="synbio">SynBio</option>
                                                                                            <option value="systems">Systems</option>
                                                                                            <option value="targets">Targets</option>
                                                                                            <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option>
                                                                                            <option value="technologies">Technologies</option>
                                                                                            <option value="telecom">Telecom</option>
                                                                                            <option value="textiles">Textiles</option>
                                                                                            <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option>
                                                                                            <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="thermo">Thermo</option>
                                                                                            <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option>
                                                                                            <option value="tomography">Tomography</option>
                                                                                            <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option>
                                                                                            <option value="toxics">Toxics</option>
                                                                                            <option value="toxins">Toxins</option>
                                                                                            <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option>
                                                                                            <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option>
                                                                                            <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</option>
                                                                                            <option value="universe">Universe</option>
                                                                                            <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option>
                                                                                            <option value="uro">Uro</option>
                                                                                            <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option>
                                                                                            <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option>
                                                                                            <option value="venereology">Venereology</option>
                                                                                            <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option>
                                                                                            <option value="vibration">Vibration</option>
                                                                                            <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option>
                                                                                            <option value="viruses">Viruses</option>
                                                                                            <option value="vision">Vision</option>
                                                                                            <option value="waste">Waste</option>
                                                                                            <option value="water">Water</option>
                                                                                            <option value="wild">Wild</option>
                                                                                            <option value="wind">Wind</option>
                                                                                            <option value="women">Women</option>
                                                                                            <option value="world">World</option>
                                                                                            <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal</option>
                                                                                            <option value="youth">Youth</option>
                                                                                            <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option>
                                                                                    </select><div class="ms-options-wrap" style="position: relative;"><button>Select options</button><div class="ms-options" style="min-height: 130px; max-height: 130px; overflow: auto; display: none;"><div class="ms-search"><input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search"></div><ul style="column-count: 1; column-gap: 0px;"><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-1" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="acoustics" title="Acoustics" id="ms-opt-1">Acoustics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-2" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="amh" title="Acta Microbiologica Hellenica" id="ms-opt-2">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-3" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="actuators" title="Actuators" id="ms-opt-3">Actuators</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-4" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="admsci" title="Administrative Sciences" id="ms-opt-4">Administrative Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-5" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="adolescents" title="Adolescents" id="ms-opt-5">Adolescents</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-6" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="arm" title="Advances in Respiratory Medicine" id="ms-opt-6">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-7" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="aerobiology" title="Aerobiology" id="ms-opt-7">Aerobiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-8" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="aerospace" title="Aerospace" id="ms-opt-8">Aerospace</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-9" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="agriculture" title="Agriculture" id="ms-opt-9">Agriculture</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-10" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="agriengineering" title="AgriEngineering" id="ms-opt-10">AgriEngineering</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-11" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="agrochemicals" title="Agrochemicals" id="ms-opt-11">Agrochemicals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-12" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="agronomy" title="Agronomy" id="ms-opt-12">Agronomy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-13" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ai" title="AI" id="ms-opt-13">AI</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-14" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="air" title="Air" id="ms-opt-14">Air</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-15" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="algorithms" title="Algorithms" id="ms-opt-15">Algorithms</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-16" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="allergies" title="Allergies" id="ms-opt-16">Allergies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-17" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="alloys" title="Alloys" id="ms-opt-17">Alloys</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-18" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="analytica" title="Analytica" id="ms-opt-18">Analytica</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-19" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="analytics" title="Analytics" id="ms-opt-19">Analytics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-20" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="anatomia" title="Anatomia" id="ms-opt-20">Anatomia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-21" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="anesthres" title="Anesthesia Research" id="ms-opt-21">Anesthesia Research</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-22" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="animals" title="Animals" id="ms-opt-22">Animals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-23" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="antibiotics" title="Antibiotics" id="ms-opt-23">Antibiotics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-24" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="antibodies" title="Antibodies" id="ms-opt-24">Antibodies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-25" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="antioxidants" title="Antioxidants" id="ms-opt-25">Antioxidants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-26" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="applbiosci" title="Applied Biosciences" id="ms-opt-26">Applied Biosciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-27" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="applmech" title="Applied Mechanics" id="ms-opt-27">Applied Mechanics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-28" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="applmicrobiol" title="Applied Microbiology" id="ms-opt-28">Applied Microbiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-29" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="applnano" title="Applied Nano" id="ms-opt-29">Applied Nano</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-30" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="applsci" title="Applied Sciences" id="ms-opt-30">Applied Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-31" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="asi" title="Applied System Innovation" id="ms-opt-31">Applied System Innovation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-32" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="appliedchem" title="AppliedChem" id="ms-opt-32">AppliedChem</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-33" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="appliedmath" title="AppliedMath" id="ms-opt-33">AppliedMath</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-34" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="aquacj" title="Aquaculture Journal" id="ms-opt-34">Aquaculture Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-35" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="architecture" title="Architecture" id="ms-opt-35">Architecture</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-36" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="arthropoda" title="Arthropoda" id="ms-opt-36">Arthropoda</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-37" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="arts" title="Arts" id="ms-opt-37">Arts</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-38" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="astronomy" title="Astronomy" id="ms-opt-38">Astronomy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-39" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="atmosphere" title="Atmosphere" id="ms-opt-39">Atmosphere</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-40" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="atoms" title="Atoms" id="ms-opt-40">Atoms</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-41" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="audiolres" title="Audiology Research" id="ms-opt-41">Audiology Research</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-42" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="automation" title="Automation" id="ms-opt-42">Automation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-43" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="axioms" title="Axioms" id="ms-opt-43">Axioms</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-44" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="bacteria" title="Bacteria" id="ms-opt-44">Bacteria</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-45" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="batteries" title="Batteries" id="ms-opt-45">Batteries</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-46" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="behavsci" title="Behavioral Sciences" id="ms-opt-46">Behavioral Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-47" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="beverages" title="Beverages" id="ms-opt-47">Beverages</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-48" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="BDCC" title="Big Data and Cognitive Computing" id="ms-opt-48">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-49" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biochem" title="BioChem" id="ms-opt-49">BioChem</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-50" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="bioengineering" title="Bioengineering" id="ms-opt-50">Bioengineering</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-51" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biologics" title="Biologics" id="ms-opt-51">Biologics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-52" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biology" title="Biology" id="ms-opt-52">Biology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-53" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="blsf" title="Biology and Life Sciences Forum" id="ms-opt-53">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-54" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomass" title="Biomass" id="ms-opt-54">Biomass</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-55" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomechanics" title="Biomechanics" id="ms-opt-55">Biomechanics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-56" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomed" title="BioMed" id="ms-opt-56">BioMed</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-57" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomedicines" title="Biomedicines" id="ms-opt-57">Biomedicines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-58" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomedinformatics" title="BioMedInformatics" id="ms-opt-58">BioMedInformatics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-59" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomimetics" title="Biomimetics" id="ms-opt-59">Biomimetics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-60" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biomolecules" title="Biomolecules" id="ms-opt-60">Biomolecules</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-61" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biophysica" title="Biophysica" id="ms-opt-61">Biophysica</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-62" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biosensors" title="Biosensors" id="ms-opt-62">Biosensors</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-63" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="biotech" title="BioTech" id="ms-opt-63">BioTech</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-64" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="birds" title="Birds" id="ms-opt-64">Birds</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-65" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="blockchains" title="Blockchains" id="ms-opt-65">Blockchains</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-66" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="brainsci" title="Brain Sciences" id="ms-opt-66">Brain Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-67" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="buildings" title="Buildings" id="ms-opt-67">Buildings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-68" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="businesses" title="Businesses" id="ms-opt-68">Businesses</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-69" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="carbon" title="C" id="ms-opt-69">C</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-70" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cancers" title="Cancers" id="ms-opt-70">Cancers</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-71" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cardiogenetics" title="Cardiogenetics" id="ms-opt-71">Cardiogenetics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-72" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="catalysts" title="Catalysts" id="ms-opt-72">Catalysts</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-73" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cells" title="Cells" id="ms-opt-73">Cells</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-74" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ceramics" title="Ceramics" id="ms-opt-74">Ceramics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-75" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="challenges" title="Challenges" id="ms-opt-75">Challenges</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-76" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ChemEngineering" title="ChemEngineering" id="ms-opt-76">ChemEngineering</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-77" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="chemistry" title="Chemistry" id="ms-opt-77">Chemistry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-78" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="chemproc" title="Chemistry Proceedings" id="ms-opt-78">Chemistry Proceedings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-79" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="chemosensors" title="Chemosensors" id="ms-opt-79">Chemosensors</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-80" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="children" title="Children" id="ms-opt-80">Children</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-81" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="chips" title="Chips" id="ms-opt-81">Chips</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-82" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="civileng" title="CivilEng" id="ms-opt-82">CivilEng</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-83" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cleantechnol" title="Clean Technologies" id="ms-opt-83">Clean Technologies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-84" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="climate" title="Climate" id="ms-opt-84">Climate</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-85" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ctn" title="Clinical and Translational Neuroscience" id="ms-opt-85">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-86" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="clinbioenerg" title="Clinical Bioenergetics" id="ms-opt-86">Clinical Bioenergetics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-87" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="clinpract" title="Clinics and Practice" id="ms-opt-87">Clinics and Practice</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-88" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="clockssleep" title="Clocks &amp; Sleep" id="ms-opt-88">Clocks &amp; Sleep</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-89" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="coasts" title="Coasts" id="ms-opt-89">Coasts</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-90" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="coatings" title="Coatings" id="ms-opt-90">Coatings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-91" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="colloids" title="Colloids and Interfaces" id="ms-opt-91">Colloids and Interfaces</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-92" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="colorants" title="Colorants" id="ms-opt-92">Colorants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-93" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="commodities" title="Commodities" id="ms-opt-93">Commodities</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-94" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="complications" title="Complications" id="ms-opt-94">Complications</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-95" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="compounds" title="Compounds" id="ms-opt-95">Compounds</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-96" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="computation" title="Computation" id="ms-opt-96">Computation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-97" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="csmf" title="Computer Sciences &amp; Mathematics Forum" id="ms-opt-97">Computer Sciences &amp; Mathematics Forum</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-98" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="computers" title="Computers" id="ms-opt-98">Computers</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-99" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="condensedmatter" title="Condensed Matter" id="ms-opt-99">Condensed Matter</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-100" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="conservation" title="Conservation" id="ms-opt-100">Conservation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-101" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="constrmater" title="Construction Materials" id="ms-opt-101">Construction Materials</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-102" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cmd" title="Corrosion and Materials Degradation" id="ms-opt-102">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-103" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cosmetics" title="Cosmetics" id="ms-opt-103">Cosmetics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-104" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="covid" title="COVID" id="ms-opt-104">COVID</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-105" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="crops" title="Crops" id="ms-opt-105">Crops</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-106" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cryo" title="Cryo" id="ms-opt-106">Cryo</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-107" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cryptography" title="Cryptography" id="ms-opt-107">Cryptography</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-108" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="crystals" title="Crystals" id="ms-opt-108">Crystals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-109" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="cimb" title="Current Issues in Molecular Biology" id="ms-opt-109">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-110" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="curroncol" title="Current Oncology" id="ms-opt-110">Current Oncology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-111" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dairy" title="Dairy" id="ms-opt-111">Dairy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-112" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="data" title="Data" id="ms-opt-112">Data</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-113" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dentistry" title="Dentistry Journal" id="ms-opt-113">Dentistry Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-114" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dermato" title="Dermato" id="ms-opt-114">Dermato</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-115" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dermatopathology" title="Dermatopathology" id="ms-opt-115">Dermatopathology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-116" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="designs" title="Designs" id="ms-opt-116">Designs</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-117" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="diabetology" title="Diabetology" id="ms-opt-117">Diabetology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-118" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="diagnostics" title="Diagnostics" id="ms-opt-118">Diagnostics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-119" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dietetics" title="Dietetics" id="ms-opt-119">Dietetics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-120" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="digital" title="Digital" id="ms-opt-120">Digital</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-121" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="disabilities" title="Disabilities" id="ms-opt-121">Disabilities</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-122" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="diseases" title="Diseases" id="ms-opt-122">Diseases</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-123" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="diversity" title="Diversity" id="ms-opt-123">Diversity</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-124" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dna" title="DNA" id="ms-opt-124">DNA</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-125" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="drones" title="Drones" id="ms-opt-125">Drones</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-126" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ddc" title="Drugs and Drug Candidates" id="ms-opt-126">Drugs and Drug Candidates</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-127" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="dynamics" title="Dynamics" id="ms-opt-127">Dynamics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-128" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="earth" title="Earth" id="ms-opt-128">Earth</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-129" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ecologies" title="Ecologies" id="ms-opt-129">Ecologies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-130" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="econometrics" title="Econometrics" id="ms-opt-130">Econometrics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-131" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="economies" title="Economies" id="ms-opt-131">Economies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-132" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="education" title="Education Sciences" id="ms-opt-132">Education Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-133" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="electricity" title="Electricity" id="ms-opt-133">Electricity</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-134" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="electrochem" title="Electrochem" id="ms-opt-134">Electrochem</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-135" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="electronicmat" title="Electronic Materials" id="ms-opt-135">Electronic Materials</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-136" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="electronics" title="Electronics" id="ms-opt-136">Electronics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-137" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ecm" title="Emergency Care and Medicine" id="ms-opt-137">Emergency Care and Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-138" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia" id="ms-opt-138">Encyclopedia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-139" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="endocrines" title="Endocrines" id="ms-opt-139">Endocrines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-140" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="energies" title="Energies" id="ms-opt-140">Energies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-141" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="esa" title="Energy Storage and Applications" id="ms-opt-141">Energy Storage and Applications</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-142" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="eng" title="Eng" id="ms-opt-142">Eng</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-143" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="engproc" title="Engineering Proceedings" id="ms-opt-143">Engineering Proceedings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-144" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="entropy" title="Entropy" id="ms-opt-144">Entropy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-145" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="eesp" title="Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings" id="ms-opt-145">Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-146" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="environments" title="Environments" id="ms-opt-146">Environments</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-147" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="epidemiologia" title="Epidemiologia" id="ms-opt-147">Epidemiologia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-148" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="epigenomes" title="Epigenomes" id="ms-opt-148">Epigenomes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-149" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ebj" title="European Burn Journal" id="ms-opt-149">European Burn Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-150" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ejihpe" title="European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education" id="ms-opt-150">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-151" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fermentation" title="Fermentation" id="ms-opt-151">Fermentation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-152" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fibers" title="Fibers" id="ms-opt-152">Fibers</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-153" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fintech" title="FinTech" id="ms-opt-153">FinTech</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-154" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fire" title="Fire" id="ms-opt-154">Fire</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-155" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fishes" title="Fishes" id="ms-opt-155">Fishes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-156" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fluids" title="Fluids" id="ms-opt-156">Fluids</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-157" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="foods" title="Foods" id="ms-opt-157">Foods</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-158" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="forecasting" title="Forecasting" id="ms-opt-158">Forecasting</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-159" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="forensicsci" title="Forensic Sciences" id="ms-opt-159">Forensic Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-160" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="forests" title="Forests" id="ms-opt-160">Forests</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-161" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fossstud" title="Fossil Studies" id="ms-opt-161">Fossil Studies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-162" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="foundations" title="Foundations" id="ms-opt-162">Foundations</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-163" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fractalfract" title="Fractal and Fractional" id="ms-opt-163">Fractal and Fractional</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-164" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fuels" title="Fuels" id="ms-opt-164">Fuels</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-165" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="future" title="Future" id="ms-opt-165">Future</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-166" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="futureinternet" title="Future Internet" id="ms-opt-166">Future Internet</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-167" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="futurepharmacol" title="Future Pharmacology" id="ms-opt-167">Future Pharmacology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-168" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="futuretransp" title="Future Transportation" id="ms-opt-168">Future Transportation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-169" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="galaxies" title="Galaxies" id="ms-opt-169">Galaxies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-170" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="games" title="Games" id="ms-opt-170">Games</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-171" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gases" title="Gases" id="ms-opt-171">Gases</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-172" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gastroent" title="Gastroenterology Insights" id="ms-opt-172">Gastroenterology Insights</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-173" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gastrointestdisord" title="Gastrointestinal Disorders" id="ms-opt-173">Gastrointestinal Disorders</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-174" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gastronomy" title="Gastronomy" id="ms-opt-174">Gastronomy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-175" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gels" title="Gels" id="ms-opt-175">Gels</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-176" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="genealogy" title="Genealogy" id="ms-opt-176">Genealogy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-177" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="genes" title="Genes" id="ms-opt-177">Genes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-178" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geographies" title="Geographies" id="ms-opt-178">Geographies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-179" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geohazards" title="GeoHazards" id="ms-opt-179">GeoHazards</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-180" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geomatics" title="Geomatics" id="ms-opt-180">Geomatics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-181" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geometry" title="Geometry" id="ms-opt-181">Geometry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-182" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geosciences" title="Geosciences" id="ms-opt-182">Geosciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-183" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geotechnics" title="Geotechnics" id="ms-opt-183">Geotechnics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-184" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geriatrics" title="Geriatrics" id="ms-opt-184">Geriatrics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-185" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="glacies" title="Glacies" id="ms-opt-185">Glacies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-186" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gucdd" title="Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease" id="ms-opt-186">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-187" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="grasses" title="Grasses" id="ms-opt-187">Grasses</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-188" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hardware" title="Hardware" id="ms-opt-188">Hardware</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-189" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="healthcare" title="Healthcare" id="ms-opt-189">Healthcare</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-190" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hearts" title="Hearts" id="ms-opt-190">Hearts</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-191" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hemato" title="Hemato" id="ms-opt-191">Hemato</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-192" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hematolrep" title="Hematology Reports" id="ms-opt-192">Hematology Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-193" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="heritage" title="Heritage" id="ms-opt-193">Heritage</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-194" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="histories" title="Histories" id="ms-opt-194">Histories</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-195" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="horticulturae" title="Horticulturae" id="ms-opt-195">Horticulturae</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-196" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hospitals" title="Hospitals" id="ms-opt-196">Hospitals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-197" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="humanities" title="Humanities" id="ms-opt-197">Humanities</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-198" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="humans" title="Humans" id="ms-opt-198">Humans</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-199" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hydrobiology" title="Hydrobiology" id="ms-opt-199">Hydrobiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-200" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hydrogen" title="Hydrogen" id="ms-opt-200">Hydrogen</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-201" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hydrology" title="Hydrology" id="ms-opt-201">Hydrology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-202" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="hygiene" title="Hygiene" id="ms-opt-202">Hygiene</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-203" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="immuno" title="Immuno" id="ms-opt-203">Immuno</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-204" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="idr" title="Infectious Disease Reports" id="ms-opt-204">Infectious Disease Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-205" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="informatics" title="Informatics" id="ms-opt-205">Informatics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-206" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="information" title="Information" id="ms-opt-206">Information</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-207" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="infrastructures" title="Infrastructures" id="ms-opt-207">Infrastructures</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-208" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="inorganics" title="Inorganics" id="ms-opt-208">Inorganics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-209" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="insects" title="Insects" id="ms-opt-209">Insects</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-210" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="instruments" title="Instruments" id="ms-opt-210">Instruments</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-211" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="iic" title="Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction" id="ms-opt-211">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-212" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijerph" title="International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health" id="ms-opt-212">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-213" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijfs" title="International Journal of Financial Studies" id="ms-opt-213">International Journal of Financial Studies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-214" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijms" title="International Journal of Molecular Sciences" id="ms-opt-214">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-215" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="IJNS" title="International Journal of Neonatal Screening" id="ms-opt-215">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-216" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijpb" title="International Journal of Plant Biology" id="ms-opt-216">International Journal of Plant Biology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-217" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijt" title="International Journal of Topology" id="ms-opt-217">International Journal of Topology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-218" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijtm" title="International Journal of Translational Medicine" id="ms-opt-218">International Journal of Translational Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-219" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijtpp" title="International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power" id="ms-opt-219">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-220" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ime" title="International Medical Education" id="ms-opt-220">International Medical Education</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-221" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="inventions" title="Inventions" id="ms-opt-221">Inventions</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-222" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="IoT" title="IoT" id="ms-opt-222">IoT</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-223" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ijgi" title="ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information" id="ms-opt-223">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-224" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="J" title="J" id="ms-opt-224">J</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-225" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jal" title="Journal of Ageing and Longevity" id="ms-opt-225">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-226" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jcdd" title="Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease" id="ms-opt-226">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-227" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jcto" title="Journal of Clinical &amp; Translational Ophthalmology" id="ms-opt-227">Journal of Clinical &amp; Translational Ophthalmology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-228" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jcm" title="Journal of Clinical Medicine" id="ms-opt-228">Journal of Clinical Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-229" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jcs" title="Journal of Composites Science" id="ms-opt-229">Journal of Composites Science</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-230" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jcp" title="Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy" id="ms-opt-230">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-231" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jdad" title="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease" id="ms-opt-231">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-232" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jdb" title="Journal of Developmental Biology" id="ms-opt-232">Journal of Developmental Biology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-233" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jeta" title="Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses" id="ms-opt-233">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-234" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jfb" title="Journal of Functional Biomaterials" id="ms-opt-234">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-235" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jfmk" title="Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology" id="ms-opt-235">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-236" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jof" title="Journal of Fungi" id="ms-opt-236">Journal of Fungi</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-237" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jimaging" title="Journal of Imaging" id="ms-opt-237">Journal of Imaging</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-238" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jintelligence" title="Journal of Intelligence" id="ms-opt-238">Journal of Intelligence</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-239" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jlpea" title="Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications" id="ms-opt-239">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-240" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jmmp" title="Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing" id="ms-opt-240">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-241" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jmse" title="Journal of Marine Science and Engineering" id="ms-opt-241">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-242" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jmahp" title="Journal of Market Access &amp; Health Policy" id="ms-opt-242">Journal of Market Access &amp; Health Policy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-243" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jmp" title="Journal of Molecular Pathology" id="ms-opt-243">Journal of Molecular Pathology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-244" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jnt" title="Journal of Nanotheranostics" id="ms-opt-244">Journal of Nanotheranostics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-245" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jne" title="Journal of Nuclear Engineering" id="ms-opt-245">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-246" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ohbm" title="Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine" id="ms-opt-246">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-247" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jop" title="Journal of Parks" id="ms-opt-247">Journal of Parks</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-248" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jpm" title="Journal of Personalized Medicine" id="ms-opt-248">Journal of Personalized Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-249" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jpbi" title="Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry" id="ms-opt-249">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-250" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jor" title="Journal of Respiration" id="ms-opt-250">Journal of Respiration</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-251" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jrfm" title="Journal of Risk and Financial Management" id="ms-opt-251">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-252" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jsan" title="Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks" id="ms-opt-252">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-253" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="joma" title="Journal of the Oman Medical Association" id="ms-opt-253">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-254" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jtaer" title="Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research" id="ms-opt-254">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-255" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jvd" title="Journal of Vascular Diseases" id="ms-opt-255">Journal of Vascular Diseases</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-256" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jox" title="Journal of Xenobiotics" id="ms-opt-256">Journal of Xenobiotics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-257" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="jzbg" title="Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens" id="ms-opt-257">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-258" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="journalmedia" title="Journalism and Media" id="ms-opt-258">Journalism and Media</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-259" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="kidneydial" title="Kidney and Dialysis" id="ms-opt-259">Kidney and Dialysis</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-260" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="kinasesphosphatases" title="Kinases and Phosphatases" id="ms-opt-260">Kinases and Phosphatases</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-261" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="knowledge" title="Knowledge" id="ms-opt-261">Knowledge</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-262" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="labmed" title="LabMed" id="ms-opt-262">LabMed</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-263" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="laboratories" title="Laboratories" id="ms-opt-263">Laboratories</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-264" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="land" title="Land" id="ms-opt-264">Land</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-265" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="languages" title="Languages" id="ms-opt-265">Languages</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-266" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="laws" title="Laws" id="ms-opt-266">Laws</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-267" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="life" title="Life" id="ms-opt-267">Life</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-268" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="limnolrev" title="Limnological Review" id="ms-opt-268">Limnological Review</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-269" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="lipidology" title="Lipidology" id="ms-opt-269">Lipidology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-270" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="liquids" title="Liquids" id="ms-opt-270">Liquids</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-271" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="literature" title="Literature" id="ms-opt-271">Literature</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-272" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="livers" title="Livers" id="ms-opt-272">Livers</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-273" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="logics" title="Logics" id="ms-opt-273">Logics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-274" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="logistics" title="Logistics" id="ms-opt-274">Logistics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-275" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="lubricants" title="Lubricants" id="ms-opt-275">Lubricants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-276" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="lymphatics" title="Lymphatics" id="ms-opt-276">Lymphatics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-277" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="make" title="Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction" id="ms-opt-277">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-278" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="machines" title="Machines" id="ms-opt-278">Machines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-279" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="macromol" title="Macromol" id="ms-opt-279">Macromol</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-280" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="magnetism" title="Magnetism" id="ms-opt-280">Magnetism</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-281" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="magnetochemistry" title="Magnetochemistry" id="ms-opt-281">Magnetochemistry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-282" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="marinedrugs" title="Marine Drugs" id="ms-opt-282">Marine Drugs</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-283" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="materials" title="Materials" id="ms-opt-283">Materials</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-284" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="materproc" title="Materials Proceedings" id="ms-opt-284">Materials Proceedings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-285" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mca" title="Mathematical and Computational Applications" id="ms-opt-285">Mathematical and Computational Applications</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-286" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mathematics" title="Mathematics" id="ms-opt-286">Mathematics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-287" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="medsci" title="Medical Sciences" id="ms-opt-287">Medical Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-288" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="msf" title="Medical Sciences Forum" id="ms-opt-288">Medical Sciences Forum</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-289" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="medicina" title="Medicina" id="ms-opt-289">Medicina</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-290" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="medicines" title="Medicines" id="ms-opt-290">Medicines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-291" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="membranes" title="Membranes" id="ms-opt-291">Membranes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-292" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="merits" title="Merits" id="ms-opt-292">Merits</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-293" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="metabolites" title="Metabolites" id="ms-opt-293">Metabolites</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-294" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="metals" title="Metals" id="ms-opt-294">Metals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-295" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="meteorology" title="Meteorology" id="ms-opt-295">Meteorology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-296" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="methane" title="Methane" id="ms-opt-296">Methane</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-297" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mps" title="Methods and Protocols" id="ms-opt-297">Methods and Protocols</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-298" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="metrics" title="Metrics" id="ms-opt-298">Metrics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-299" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="metrology" title="Metrology" id="ms-opt-299">Metrology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-300" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="micro" title="Micro" id="ms-opt-300">Micro</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-301" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="microbiolres" title="Microbiology Research" id="ms-opt-301">Microbiology Research</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-302" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="micromachines" title="Micromachines" id="ms-opt-302">Micromachines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-303" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="microorganisms" title="Microorganisms" id="ms-opt-303">Microorganisms</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-304" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="microplastics" title="Microplastics" id="ms-opt-304">Microplastics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-305" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="minerals" title="Minerals" id="ms-opt-305">Minerals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-306" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mining" title="Mining" id="ms-opt-306">Mining</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-307" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="modelling" title="Modelling" id="ms-opt-307">Modelling</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-308" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mmphys" title="Modern Mathematical Physics" id="ms-opt-308">Modern Mathematical Physics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-309" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="molbank" title="Molbank" id="ms-opt-309">Molbank</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-310" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="molecules" title="Molecules" id="ms-opt-310">Molecules</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-311" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="mti" title="Multimodal Technologies and Interaction" id="ms-opt-311">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-312" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="muscles" title="Muscles" id="ms-opt-312">Muscles</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-313" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nanoenergyadv" title="Nanoenergy Advances" id="ms-opt-313">Nanoenergy Advances</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-314" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nanomanufacturing" title="Nanomanufacturing" id="ms-opt-314">Nanomanufacturing</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-315" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nanomaterials" title="Nanomaterials" id="ms-opt-315">Nanomaterials</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-316" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ndt" title="NDT" id="ms-opt-316">NDT</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-317" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="network" title="Network" id="ms-opt-317">Network</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-318" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="neuroglia" title="Neuroglia" id="ms-opt-318">Neuroglia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-319" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="neurolint" title="Neurology International" id="ms-opt-319">Neurology International</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-320" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="neurosci" title="NeuroSci" id="ms-opt-320">NeuroSci</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-321" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nitrogen" title="Nitrogen" id="ms-opt-321">Nitrogen</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-322" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ncrna" title="Non-Coding RNA" id="ms-opt-322">Non-Coding RNA</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-323" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nursrep" title="Nursing Reports" id="ms-opt-323">Nursing Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-324" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nutraceuticals" title="Nutraceuticals" id="ms-opt-324">Nutraceuticals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-325" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="nutrients" title="Nutrients" id="ms-opt-325">Nutrients</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-326" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="obesities" title="Obesities" id="ms-opt-326">Obesities</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-327" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="oceans" title="Oceans" id="ms-opt-327">Oceans</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-328" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="onco" title="Onco" id="ms-opt-328">Onco</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-329" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="optics" title="Optics" id="ms-opt-329">Optics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-330" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="oral" title="Oral" id="ms-opt-330">Oral</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-331" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="organics" title="Organics" id="ms-opt-331">Organics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-332" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="organoids" title="Organoids" id="ms-opt-332">Organoids</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-333" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="osteology" title="Osteology" id="ms-opt-333">Osteology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-334" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="oxygen" title="Oxygen" id="ms-opt-334">Oxygen</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-335" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="parasitologia" title="Parasitologia" id="ms-opt-335">Parasitologia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-336" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="particles" title="Particles" id="ms-opt-336">Particles</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-337" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pathogens" title="Pathogens" id="ms-opt-337">Pathogens</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-338" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pathophysiology" title="Pathophysiology" id="ms-opt-338">Pathophysiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-339" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pediatrrep" title="Pediatric Reports" id="ms-opt-339">Pediatric Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-340" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pets" title="Pets" id="ms-opt-340">Pets</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-341" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pharmaceuticals" title="Pharmaceuticals" id="ms-opt-341">Pharmaceuticals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-342" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pharmaceutics" title="Pharmaceutics" id="ms-opt-342">Pharmaceutics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-343" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pharmacoepidemiology" title="Pharmacoepidemiology" id="ms-opt-343">Pharmacoepidemiology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-344" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pharmacy" title="Pharmacy" id="ms-opt-344">Pharmacy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-345" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="philosophies" title="Philosophies" id="ms-opt-345">Philosophies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-346" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="photochem" title="Photochem" id="ms-opt-346">Photochem</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-347" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="photonics" title="Photonics" id="ms-opt-347">Photonics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-348" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="phycology" title="Phycology" id="ms-opt-348">Phycology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-349" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="physchem" title="Physchem" id="ms-opt-349">Physchem</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-350" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="psf" title="Physical Sciences Forum" id="ms-opt-350">Physical Sciences Forum</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-351" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="physics" title="Physics" id="ms-opt-351">Physics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-352" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="physiologia" title="Physiologia" id="ms-opt-352">Physiologia</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-353" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="plants" title="Plants" id="ms-opt-353">Plants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-354" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="plasma" title="Plasma" id="ms-opt-354">Plasma</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-355" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="platforms" title="Platforms" id="ms-opt-355">Platforms</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-356" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="pollutants" title="Pollutants" id="ms-opt-356">Pollutants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-357" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="polymers" title="Polymers" id="ms-opt-357">Polymers</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-358" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="polysaccharides" title="Polysaccharides" id="ms-opt-358">Polysaccharides</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-359" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="populations" title="Populations" id="ms-opt-359">Populations</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-360" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="poultry" title="Poultry" id="ms-opt-360">Poultry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-361" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="powders" title="Powders" id="ms-opt-361">Powders</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-362" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="proceedings" title="Proceedings" id="ms-opt-362">Proceedings</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-363" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="processes" title="Processes" id="ms-opt-363">Processes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-364" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="prosthesis" title="Prosthesis" id="ms-opt-364">Prosthesis</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-365" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="proteomes" title="Proteomes" id="ms-opt-365">Proteomes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-366" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="psychiatryint" title="Psychiatry International" id="ms-opt-366">Psychiatry International</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-367" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="psychoactives" title="Psychoactives" id="ms-opt-367">Psychoactives</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-368" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="psycholint" title="Psychology International" id="ms-opt-368">Psychology International</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-369" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="publications" title="Publications" id="ms-opt-369">Publications</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-370" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="qubs" title="Quantum Beam Science" id="ms-opt-370">Quantum Beam Science</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-371" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="quantumrep" title="Quantum Reports" id="ms-opt-371">Quantum Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-372" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="quaternary" title="Quaternary" id="ms-opt-372">Quaternary</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-373" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="radiation" title="Radiation" id="ms-opt-373">Radiation</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-374" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="reactions" title="Reactions" id="ms-opt-374">Reactions</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-375" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="realestate" title="Real Estate" id="ms-opt-375">Real Estate</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-376" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="receptors" title="Receptors" id="ms-opt-376">Receptors</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-377" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="recycling" title="Recycling" id="ms-opt-377">Recycling</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-378" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="rsee" title="Regional Science and Environmental Economics" id="ms-opt-378">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-379" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="religions" title="Religions" id="ms-opt-379">Religions</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-380" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="remotesensing" title="Remote Sensing" id="ms-opt-380">Remote Sensing</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-381" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="reports" title="Reports" id="ms-opt-381">Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-382" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="reprodmed" title="Reproductive Medicine" id="ms-opt-382">Reproductive Medicine</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-383" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="resources" title="Resources" id="ms-opt-383">Resources</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-384" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="rheumato" title="Rheumato" id="ms-opt-384">Rheumato</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-385" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="risks" title="Risks" id="ms-opt-385">Risks</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-386" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="robotics" title="Robotics" id="ms-opt-386">Robotics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-387" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ruminants" title="Ruminants" id="ms-opt-387">Ruminants</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-388" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="safety" title="Safety" id="ms-opt-388">Safety</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-389" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sci" title="Sci" id="ms-opt-389">Sci</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-390" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="scipharm" title="Scientia Pharmaceutica" id="ms-opt-390">Scientia Pharmaceutica</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-391" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sclerosis" title="Sclerosis" id="ms-opt-391">Sclerosis</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-392" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="seeds" title="Seeds" id="ms-opt-392">Seeds</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-393" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sensors" title="Sensors" id="ms-opt-393">Sensors</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-394" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="separations" title="Separations" id="ms-opt-394">Separations</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-395" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sexes" title="Sexes" id="ms-opt-395">Sexes</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-396" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="signals" title="Signals" id="ms-opt-396">Signals</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-397" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sinusitis" title="Sinusitis" id="ms-opt-397">Sinusitis</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-398" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="smartcities" title="Smart Cities" id="ms-opt-398">Smart Cities</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-399" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="socsci" title="Social Sciences" id="ms-opt-399">Social Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-400" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="siuj" title="Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal" id="ms-opt-400">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-401" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="societies" title="Societies" id="ms-opt-401">Societies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-402" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="software" title="Software" id="ms-opt-402">Software</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-403" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="soilsystems" title="Soil Systems" id="ms-opt-403">Soil Systems</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-404" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="solar" title="Solar" id="ms-opt-404">Solar</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-405" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="solids" title="Solids" id="ms-opt-405">Solids</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-406" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="spectroscj" title="Spectroscopy Journal" id="ms-opt-406">Spectroscopy Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-407" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sports" title="Sports" id="ms-opt-407">Sports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-408" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="standards" title="Standards" id="ms-opt-408">Standards</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-409" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="stats" title="Stats" id="ms-opt-409">Stats</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-410" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="stresses" title="Stresses" id="ms-opt-410">Stresses</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-411" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="surfaces" title="Surfaces" id="ms-opt-411">Surfaces</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-412" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="surgeries" title="Surgeries" id="ms-opt-412">Surgeries</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-413" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="std" title="Surgical Techniques Development" id="ms-opt-413">Surgical Techniques Development</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-414" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="sustainability" title="Sustainability" id="ms-opt-414">Sustainability</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-415" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="suschem" title="Sustainable Chemistry" id="ms-opt-415">Sustainable Chemistry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-416" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="symmetry" title="Symmetry" id="ms-opt-416">Symmetry</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-417" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="synbio" title="SynBio" id="ms-opt-417">SynBio</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-418" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="systems" title="Systems" id="ms-opt-418">Systems</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-419" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="targets" title="Targets" id="ms-opt-419">Targets</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-420" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="taxonomy" title="Taxonomy" id="ms-opt-420">Taxonomy</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-421" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="technologies" title="Technologies" id="ms-opt-421">Technologies</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-422" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="telecom" title="Telecom" id="ms-opt-422">Telecom</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-423" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="textiles" title="Textiles" id="ms-opt-423">Textiles</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-424" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="thalassrep" title="Thalassemia Reports" id="ms-opt-424">Thalassemia Reports</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-425" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="therapeutics" title="Therapeutics" id="ms-opt-425">Therapeutics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-426" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="thermo" title="Thermo" id="ms-opt-426">Thermo</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-427" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="timespace" title="Time and Space" id="ms-opt-427">Time and Space</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-428" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="tomography" title="Tomography" id="ms-opt-428">Tomography</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-429" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="tourismhosp" title="Tourism and Hospitality" id="ms-opt-429">Tourism and Hospitality</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-430" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="toxics" title="Toxics" id="ms-opt-430">Toxics</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-431" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="toxins" title="Toxins" id="ms-opt-431">Toxins</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-432" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="transplantology" title="Transplantology" id="ms-opt-432">Transplantology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-433" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="traumacare" title="Trauma Care" id="ms-opt-433">Trauma Care</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-434" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="higheredu" title="Trends in Higher Education" id="ms-opt-434">Trends in Higher Education</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-435" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="tropicalmed" title="Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease" id="ms-opt-435">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-436" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="universe" title="Universe" id="ms-opt-436">Universe</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-437" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="urbansci" title="Urban Science" id="ms-opt-437">Urban Science</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-438" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="uro" title="Uro" id="ms-opt-438">Uro</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-439" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="vaccines" title="Vaccines" id="ms-opt-439">Vaccines</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-440" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="vehicles" title="Vehicles" id="ms-opt-440">Vehicles</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-441" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="venereology" title="Venereology" id="ms-opt-441">Venereology</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-442" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="vetsci" title="Veterinary Sciences" id="ms-opt-442">Veterinary Sciences</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-443" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="vibration" title="Vibration" id="ms-opt-443">Vibration</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-444" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="virtualworlds" title="Virtual Worlds" id="ms-opt-444">Virtual Worlds</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-445" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="viruses" title="Viruses" id="ms-opt-445">Viruses</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-446" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="vision" title="Vision" id="ms-opt-446">Vision</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-447" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="waste" title="Waste" id="ms-opt-447">Waste</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-448" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="water" title="Water" id="ms-opt-448">Water</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-449" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="wild" title="Wild" id="ms-opt-449">Wild</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-450" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="wind" title="Wind" id="ms-opt-450">Wind</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-451" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="women" title="Women" id="ms-opt-451">Women</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-452" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="world" title="World" id="ms-opt-452">World</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-453" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="wevj" title="World Electric Vehicle Journal" id="ms-opt-453">World Electric Vehicle Journal</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-454" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="youth" title="Youth" id="ms-opt-454">Youth</label></li><li class=""><label for="ms-opt-455" style="padding-left: 23px;"><input type="checkbox" value="zoonoticdis" title="Zoonotic Diseases" id="ms-opt-455">Zoonotic Diseases</label></li></ul></div></div>

                                        <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address..." required="required">
                                                                                <button class="genericCaptcha button button--dark UA_FooterNewsletterSubscribeButton" type="submit">Subscribe</button>
                                    </form>
                                                            </div>
                        </div>
                    
                    </div>
                        
                    <div id="footer-copyright">
                        <div class="row">
                            <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 text-left">
                                © 1996-2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated
                            </div>
                            <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 small-text-left medium-text-right large-text-right">
                                
<a data-dropdown="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-controls="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-expanded="false" data-options="align:top; is_hover:true; hover_timeout:2000;">
    Disclaimer
</a>

<div id="drop-view-disclaimer" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide text-left" data-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely 
    those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or 
    the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, 
    methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
</div>

                                <a href="/about/terms-and-conditions">
                                    Terms and Conditions
                                </a>
                                <a href="/about/privacy">
                                    Privacy Policy
                                </a>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div id="cookie-notification" class="js-allow-cookies" style="display: none;">
                    <div class="columns large-10 medium-10 small-12">
                        We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.<br class="show-for-medium-up">
                        Read more about our cookies <a href="/about/privacy">here</a>.
                    </div>
                    <div class="columns large-2 medium-2 small-12 small-only-text-left text-right">
                        <a class="button button--default" href="/accept_cookies">Accept</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                    </div><iframe name="__uspapiLocator" tabindex="-1" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" title="Blank" style="display: none; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; top: -9999px;"></iframe><iframe tabindex="-1" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" title="Blank" src="https://consentcdn.cookiebot.com/sdk/bc-v4.min.html" style="position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; top: -9999px;"></iframe>

            <div id="main-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal="" aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="small-12 columns">
                <h2 style="margin: 0;">Share Link</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="small-12 columns">
                <div class="social-media-links UA_ShareModalLinks" style="text-align: left;">
                    <a href="mailto:?&amp;subject=From%20MDPI%3A%20%22&quot;&amp;body=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes%3A%0A%0A

" title="Email">
                        <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                                        <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=&amp;hashtags=mdpiprocesses&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fjournal%2Fprocesses&amp;via=Processes_MDPI" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="	            http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fjournal%2Fprocesses&amp;title=%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal">
                        <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>

                    <a href="http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes" title="CiteULike" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
                        <i class="fa fa-citeulike-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i>
                    </a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="small-9 columns">
                <input id="js-clipboard-text" type="text" readonly="" value="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes">
            </div>
            <div class="small-3 columns text-left">
                <a class="button button--color js-clipboard-copy" data-clipboard-target="#js-clipboard-text">Copy</a>
            </div>
        </div>

        <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">
            <i class="material-icons">clear</i>
        </a>
    </div>

    <div id="weixin-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal="" aria-labelledby="weixin-share-modal-title" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="small-12 columns">
                <h2 id="weixin-share-modal-title" style="margin: 0;">Share</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="small-12 columns">
                <div class="weixin-qr-code-section">
                    <!--?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?-->

<svg width="348" height="348" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<desc>https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes</desc>
	<g id="elements" fill="black" stroke="none">
		<rect x="0" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="0" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="12" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="24" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="36" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="48" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="60" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="72" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="84" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="96" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="108" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="120" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="132" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="144" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="156" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="168" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="180" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="192" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="204" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="216" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="84" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="228" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="240" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="252" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="264" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="276" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="288" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="168" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="312" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="300" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="156" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="192" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="312" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="132" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="180" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="216" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="228" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="324" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="0" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="12" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="24" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="36" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="48" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="60" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="72" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="96" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="108" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="120" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="144" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="204" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="240" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="252" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="264" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="276" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="288" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="300" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="324" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
		<rect x="336" y="336" width="12" height="12"></rect>
	</g>
</svg>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">
            <i class="material-icons">clear</i>
        </a>
    </div>
        <a href="#" class="back-to-top"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Back to Top</span><span class="show-for-small">Top</span></a>

                <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js?5227e0738f7f421d?1734335954"></script>
        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js?4f252523d4af0b47?1734335954"></script>
        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.min.js?6b2ec41c18b29054?1734335954"></script>
        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.equalizer.min.js?0f6c549b75ec554c?1734335954"></script>

                <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.multiselect.js?0edd3998731d1091?1734335954"></script>

                <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.cycle2.min.js?63413052928f97ee?1734335954"></script>

        
        <script>
            // old browser fix - this way the console log rows won't throw (silent) errors in browsers not supporting console log
            if (!window.console) window.console = {};
            if (!window.console.log) window.console.log = function () { };

            var currentJournalNameSystem = "processes";

            $(document).ready(function()
            {
                $('select.foundation-select').multiselect({
                    search: true,
                    minHeight: 130,
                    maxHeight: 130,
                });

                $(document).foundation({
                    orbit: {
                        timer_speed: 4000,
                    },
                    reveal: {
                        animation: 'fadeAndPop',
                        animation_speed: 100,
                    }
                });

                $(".chosen-select").each(function(element) {
                    var maxSelected = (undefined !== $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') ? $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') : 100);

                    $(this).on('chosen:ready', function(event, data) {
                        var select = $(data.chosen.form_field);
                        if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-volume') {
                            $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options');
                        }
                        if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-issue') {
                            $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options');
                        }
                    }).chosen({ display_disabled_options: false, disable_search_threshold: 7, max_selected_options: maxSelected, width: "100%" });
                });

                $(".toEncode").each(function(e) {
                    var oldHref = $(this).attr("href");
                    var newHref = oldHref.replace('.botdefense.please.enable.javascript.','@');
                    $(this).attr("href", newHref);

                    if (!$(this).hasClass("emailCaptcha"))
                    {
                        $(this).html(newHref.replace('mailto:', ''));
                    }
                    
                    
                    $(this).removeClass("visibility-hidden");
                });

                $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function()
                {
                    $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow');
                });

                // fix the images that have tag height / width defined
                // otherwise the default foundation styles overwrite the tag definitions
                $("img").each(function()
                {
                   if ($(this).attr('width') != undefined || $(this).attr('height') != undefined)
                   {
                       $(this).addClass("img-fixed");
                   }
                });

                $("#basic_search, #advanced_search").submit(function(e) {
                    var searchArguments = false;

                    $(this).find("input,select").not("#search,.search-button").each(function() {
                        if (undefined === $(this).val() || "" === $(this).val()) {
                            $(this).attr('name', null);
                        } else {
                            $(this).attr('name');
                            searchArguments = true;
                        }
                    });

                    if (!searchArguments) {
                        window.location = $(this).attr('action');
                        return false;
                    }
                });

                $(".hide-show-desktop-option").click(function(e) 
                {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    var parentDiv = $(this).closest("div");

                    $.ajax({
                        url: $(this).attr('href'),
                        success: function(msg)
                        {
                            parentDiv.removeClass().hide();
                        }
                    });
                });

                $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) {
                    $(this).toggleClass("active");
                    $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active");
                });

                /*
                * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link
                */
                $("table.new tr").hover(function()
                {
                   if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1)
                   {
                       $(this).addClass("single-link");
                   }
                },
                function()
                {
                   $(this).removeClass("single-link");
                });

                $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e)
                {
                    var target = $(e.target);
                    if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) {
                        $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click();
                    }
                });

                $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) {
                    if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) {
                        if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) {
                            openAdvanced()
                        }
                    }

                    if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) {
                        if ($(this).hasClass("active")) {
                            $(this).removeClass("active");
                            $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").addClass("show-for-medium-up");
                        }
                        else {
                            $(this).addClass("active");
                            $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").removeClass("show-for-medium-up");
                            $(document).foundation('orbit', 'reflow');
                        }
                    }

                    if (undefined !== $(this).data("callback")) {
                        var customCallback = $(this).data("callback");
                        func = window[customCallback];
                        func();
                    }
                });

                $(document).on("click", ".js-open-small-search", function(e) {
                    e.preventDefault();  
                    $(this).toggleClass("active").closest(".tab-bar").toggleClass("active");
                    $(".search-container").toggleClass("hide-for-small-down");
                });

                $(document).on("click", ".js-open-menu", function(e) {
                    $(".search-container").addClass("hide-for-small-down");

                });

                $(window).on('resize', function() {
                    recalculate_main_browser_position();
                    recalculate_responsive_moving_containers();
                });

                                updateSearchLabelVisibilities();
                recalculate_main_browser_position();
                recalculate_responsive_moving_containers();
                
                
                if (window.document.documentMode == 11) {
                    $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head");
                }
            });

            function recalculate_main_browser_position() {
                if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) {
                    if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) {
                        $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container"));
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) {
                        $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container"));
                    }
                }
            }

            function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() {
                $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() {
                    var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']");
                    var movingContent  = previousParent.html();

                    if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) {
                        var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']");
                    }
                    else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) {
                        var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']");
                    }
                    else {
                        var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']");
                    }

                    if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) {
                        currentParent.html(movingContent);
                        previousParent.html();
                        currentParent.addClass("active");
                        previousParent.removeClass("active");
                    }
                });
            }

            // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't
            // get included in the custom page caches
            function checkCookiesAllowed() {
                var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); 

                if (null === cookiesEnabled) {
                    $.ajax({
                        url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted",
                        success: function(data)
                        {
                            if (data.value) {
                                localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true);
                                checkDisplaySurvey();
                            }
                            else {
                                $(".js-allow-cookies").show();
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
                else {
                    checkDisplaySurvey();
                }
            }

            function checkDisplaySurvey() {
                            }

                        window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnAccept', function (e) {
                var CookieDate = new Date;

                if (Cookiebot.consent.preferences) {
                    CookieDate.setFullYear(CookieDate.getFullYear() + 1);
                    document.cookie = "mdpi_layout_type_v2=mobile; path=/; expires=" + CookieDate.toUTCString() + ";";
                    $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").css("display", "inline-block");
                }
            }, false);

            window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnDecline', function (e) {
                if (!Cookiebot.consent.preferences) {
                    $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").hide();

                    if ("" === "desktop") {
                        window.location = "/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie";
                    }
                }
            }, false);
            
            var hash = $(location).attr('hash');
            if ("#share" === hash) {
                if (1 === $("#main-share-modal").length) {
                    $('#main-share-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open');
                }
            }
        </script>
        
        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/lib.js?f8d3d71b3a772f9d?1734335954"></script>
        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/mdpi.js?c267ce58392b15da?1734335954"></script>

        <script>var banners_url = 'https://serve.mdpi.com';</script>

        		<script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ifvisible.min.js?c621d19ecb761212?1734335954"></script>		



                            

    <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?ac4ea55275297c15?1734335954"></script>
    <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/clipboard.min.js?3f3688138a1b9fc4?1734335954"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            var helpFunctions = $(".middle-column__help__fixed");
            var leftColumnAffix = $(".left-column__fixed");
            var middleColumn  = $("#middle-column");
            var clone = null;

            helpFunctions.affix({
                offset: {
                    top: function() {
                        return middleColumn.offset().top - 8 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 30 : 0);
                    },
                    bottom: function() {
                        return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 74 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0);
                    }
                }
            });

            if (leftColumnAffix.length > 0) {
                clone = leftColumnAffix.clone();
                clone.addClass("left-column__fixed__affix");
                clone.insertBefore(leftColumnAffix);
                clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50);

                clone.affix({
                    offset: {
                        top: function() {
                            return leftColumnAffix.offset().top - 30 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 50 : 0);
                        },
                        bottom: function() {
                            return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 92 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }

            $(window).on("resize", function() {
                if (clone !== null) {
                    clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50);
                }
            });

            new ClipboardJS('.js-clipboard-copy');
        });
    </script>


    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            // create the left hand menu dynamically from the content
            var items = $("#middle-column h1, #middle-column h2");
            if ($("#dynamic-menu").length == 1 && items.length > 1) 
            {
                // menu container div
                var div = $("div#dynamic-menu");
                div.addClass("generic-item");

                // menu header
                var header = $("<h2></h2>");
                header.text("Menu");
                div.append(header);

                // menu list
                var ul = $("<ul></ul>");
                ul.addClass("side-menu-ul");
                div.append(ul);

                // menu list items (create additional anchors for page)
                items.each(function()
                {
                    var header_title = $(this).text();
                    var link_title   = header_title.replace(/ |-/gi, "_").toLowerCase();

                    var li = $("<li></li>");
                    li.addClass("side-menu-li");
                    ul.append(li);

                    var a = $("<a></a>");
                    a.html(header_title);
                    a.prop("href", "#" + link_title);
                    li.append(a);

                    var a = $("<a></a>");
                    a.prop("name", link_title);
                    $(this).prepend(a);
                });

                div.append(ul);
                div.show();
            }
        });
    </script>


    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1734335954">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1734335954">
    <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-ui-1.13.2.min.js?1e2047978946a1d2?1734335954"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/magnific-popup.min.js?2be3d9e7dc569146?1734335954"></script>
    <script>
        var mainColumn1    = "#right-column";
        var extendingReady = true;

        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--grey",  "" === $("#journal-browser-volume").val());
            $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--color", "" !== $("#journal-browser-volume").val());

            $("#journal-browser-volume").change(function(e) {
                $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option').not('.volume-0').hide(); 
                $('#journal-browser-issue').find('.volume-' + $(this).val()).show(); 
                $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option:first').prop('selected', 'selected'); 
                $("#journal-browser-issue").trigger("chosen:updated");

                $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--grey',  '' === $(this).val());  
                $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--color', '' !== $(this).val());  
            });

            // add resize event for the window (to recalculate side column elements)
            // TODO: is it better to use resize end or resize here?
            $(window).on('resize', function() {
                mdpi_column_height_module.calculateColumnHeights(false, mainColumn1);
            });

            $(".link-journal-menu").click(function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();

                $(this).find('span').toggle();
                $(this).next("ul").toggleClass("active");
                $("#social-media-links").toggle();
                $("#journal-alerts").toggle();
            });

            $(".link-journal-browser").click(function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();

                $(this).find('span').toggle();
                $(this).next("div").toggleClass('show-for-medium-up');
            });

                    });
    </script>

    
        <!--[if lt IE 9]>
                        <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ie8/ie8.js?6eef8fcbc831f5bd?1734335954"></script>
            <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ie8/jquery.xdomainrequest.min.js?a945caca315782b0?1734335954"></script>
        <![endif]-->
        <!-- Twitter universal website tag code -->
        <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing">
            !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments);
            },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js',
            a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script');
            // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below
            twq('init','o2pip');
            twq('track','PageView');
        </script>
        <!-- End Twitter universal website tag code -->

                        
            <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8f3e522aaa043857',t:'MTczNDUxNjE4Ni4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script><iframe height="1" width="1" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; border: none; visibility: hidden;"></iframe><script defer="" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c1241717689176015" integrity="sha512-ZpsOmlRQV6y907TI0dKBHq9Md29nnaEIPlkf84rnaERnq6zvWvPUqr2ft8M1aS28oN72PdrCzSjY4U6VaAw1EQ==" data-cf-beacon="{&quot;rayId&quot;:&quot;8f3e522aaa043857&quot;,&quot;version&quot;:&quot;2024.10.5&quot;,&quot;serverTiming&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:{&quot;cfExtPri&quot;:true,&quot;cfL4&quot;:true,&quot;cfSpeedBrain&quot;:true,&quot;cfCacheStatus&quot;:true}},&quot;token&quot;:&quot;28b078b091674c0f80b4eb2521a2d256&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:1}" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>


<img id="CookiebotSessionPixel" src="https://imgsct.cookiebot.com/1.gif?dgi=51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" alt="Cookiebot session tracker icon loaded" data-cookieconsent="ignore" style="display: none;"></body></html>