- ID da verificação
- 0495a5a9-2b58-423b-8845-ece3eb45459cConcluído
- URL enviado:
- https://web.archive.org/
- Relatório concluído:
Ligações · 116 encontradas
As ligações de saída identificadas na página
| Hiperligação | Texto |
|---|---|
| https://change.org/LetReadersRead | Ask the publishers |
| https://archive.org/ | Internet Archive logoA line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. |
| https://archive.org/details/texts | Texts iconAn illustration of an open book.Texts |
| https://archive.org/details/movies | Video iconAn illustration of two cells of a film strip.Video |
| https://archive.org/details/audio | Audio iconAn illustration of an audio speaker.Audio |
| https://archive.org/details/software | Software iconAn illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.Software |
| https://archive.org/details/image | Images iconAn illustration of two photographs.Images |
| https://archive.org/donate/ | Donate iconAn illustration of a heart shapeDonate |
| https://archive.org/about/ | Ellipses iconAn illustration of text ellipses.More |
| https://archive.org/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt | Donate iconAn illustration of a heart shape"Donate to the archive" |
Variáveis JavaScript · 132 encontradas
Variáveis JavaScript globais carregadas no objeto janela de uma página são variáveis declaradas fora das funções e acessíveis de qualquer parte do código dentro do âmbito atual
| Nome | Tipo |
|---|---|
| onbeforetoggle | object |
| documentPictureInPicture | object |
| onscrollend | object |
| webComponentLoaderConfig | object |
| archive_analytics | object |
| reactiveElementPolyfillSupport | function |
| litHtmlPolyfillSupport | function |
| litElementPolyfillSupport | function |
| WebComponents | object |
| __CE_installPolyfill | function |
Mensagens de registo da consola · 4 encontradas
Mensagens registadas na consola web
| Tipo | Categoria | Registo |
|---|---|---|
| warning | other |
|
| log | javascript |
|
| log | javascript |
|
| error | network |
|
HTML
O corpo HTML em bruto da página
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; }
body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
</style>
<title>Wayback Machine</title>
<script>
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the JavaScript code in this page.
Copyright (C) 2020 Internet Archive
The JavaScript code in this page is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero
General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU AGPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU AGPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice for the JavaScript code in this page.
*/
</script> <script type="text/javascript">
window.webComponentLoaderConfig = {
baseUrl: 'https://archive.org',
version: '29e56e87'
}
</script>
<!-- is_embedded: False; context: -->
<!-- navbar https://archive.org/web/navbar.php 0.11387s -->
<!-- navbar script -->
<script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/components/npm/lit/polyfill-support.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/components/npm/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/webcomponents-bundle.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/ia-topnav.min.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/archive.min.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!-- navbar styles -->
<link href="//archive.org/includes/build/css/archive.min.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- navbar meta -->
<meta property="mediatype" content="">
<meta property="primary_collection" content="">
<!-- navbar end -->
<script type="text/javascript">if('archive_analytics' in window){var v=archive_analytics.values;v.path='';v.service='wb';v.server_name='wwwb-app217.us.archive.org';v.server_ms=116;archive_analytics.send_pageview_on_load()}</script>
<link href="/_static/images/archive.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/styles.css?v=HdpcXpRm">
<script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ui.js?v=7LYlZ-C2" charset="utf-8"></script>
<base target="_top">
<link href="/_static/css/web.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- include component js and css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/waybackjs/main.64b6426b3f2544458fbc.css">
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/runtime.c1786cdf6d841e4d1a3a.js"></script>
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/vendors~main.dda26b164a7b7bf6096d.js"></script>
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/main.64b6426b3f2544458fbc.js"></script>
<style>
html, body { margin:0; padding:0 }
#faux-header {
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
margin:0;
background-color:black;
}
#react-wayback-search {
max-width: 1170px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/waybackjs/revolving-landing.6e378cc97f60c0e29f92.chunk.css"></head>
<body class="navia">
<div class="ia-banners">
<div class="ia-banner hidden post-appeal-20240905 visible" data-campaign="post-appeal-20240905">
<p><a href="https://change.org/LetReadersRead" rel="nofollow">Ask the publishers</a> to restore access to 500,000+ books.</p>
<form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close">
<fieldset>
<button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<link href="//archive.org/components/donation-banner/banner.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="//archive.org/components/donation-banner/banner-template-styles/chevron.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<header id="donate_banner" class="row js-donate-banner template-chevron background-default chevron-image-white chevron-color-#F9BF3B formdesign-form" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPAdBlock" data-donationsourcedata="ctx=wb;uid=03bce9f78dd618d4ce4ca386feeeb324" data-exp="20241211DefaultEOYBannerV2" data-variant="11Dec2024EOYDefaultWB" data-platform="wb" data-baseurl="https://archive.org" data-bannertemplate="chevron" data-bannerbackground="default" data-snowfall="off" data-selectedtextcolor="#000000" data-selectedfillcolor="#F9BF3B" data-paymentoptionfillcolor="" data-paymentoptiontextcolor="" data-formbgcolor="#ffffff" data-formtextcolor="#000000" data-donatepageselectedtextcolor="#000000" data-donatepageselectedfillcolor="#F9BF3B" data-variantdollaramounts="[5, 15.58, 50]" data-variantamountlayout="multi-line" data-variantfrequencymode="checkbox" data-debugmode="false" style="--donationBannerFormTextColor: #000000;">
<button id="donate-close-button" class="donate-close" type="button" aria-label="Close banner">
<span class="sr-only">Close banner</span>
<img src="https://archive.org/components/donation-banner/images/close-circle-dark.svg" id="banner-close-image-dark">
<img src="https://archive.org/components/donation-banner/images/close-circle-white.svg" id="banner-close-image-white">
</button>
<div id="banner-body-container" style="background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id="banner-body-left-container" class="show-separator" style="--donationBannerChevronBG: #F9BF3B;">
<div class="donate-body">
<div id="chevron-image-container" style="background-color: #ffffff;"></div>
<div class="main-content">
<div class="appeal-text" style="--donationBannerAppealTextColor: #000000;">
<div class="desktop-body-content"><b>Can You Chip In?</b><br><br>Please don't scroll past this—the Wayback Machine is fighting for universal access to quality information. The Internet Archive, which runs this project, relies on online donations averaging $15.58 to help us keep the record straight. We'd be deeply grateful if you'd join the one in a thousand users that support us financially.<br><br>We understand that not everyone can donate right now, but if you can afford to contribute this Monday, we promise it will be put to good use. Our resources are crucial for knowledge lovers everywhere—so if you find all these bits and bytes useful, <b>please pitch in.</b></div>
<div class="mobile-body-content"><b>Can You Chip In?</b> Please don't scroll past this. The nonprofit which runs this project relies on online donations averaging $15.58. If you find our library useful, <b>please pitch in.</b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="donate-body-background-layer2" class="supplemental-background-layer"></div>
<div id="donate-body-background-layer1" class="supplemental-background-layer"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="donate-form js-donate-form" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/DonateAction">
<meta itemprop="recipient" content="Internet Archive">
<meta itemprop="actionStatus" content="PotentialActionStatus">
<div class="white-box">
<div class="donation-form-container">
<donation-form-edit-donation amountoptions="[5, 15.58, 50]" defaultselectedamount="15.58" amountselectionlayout="multi-line" frequencyselectionmode="checkbox" stepnumbermode="hidenumbers" style="--paymentButtonSelectedFontColor: #000000; --paymentButtonSelectedColor: #F9BF3B; --formSectionTextColor: #000000; --paymentSelectorAmountColumnCount: 2; --paymentSelectorCustomAmountColSpan: 1;" customamountmode="display" customfeescheckboxmode="display" amounttitledisplaymode="default">
</donation-form-edit-donation>
<div class="cta">
<button class="cta-button" id="continue-button" style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #24765E;">
Continue
</button>
<div class="donate-later-container">
<a id="donate_later" href="#donate_dropdown" data-source-context="WB" data-event-click-tracking="DonateBannerWB|MaybeLaterLink" data-event-tracking-options="{ "service": "ao_no_sampling" }">Remind Me</a>
<div class="donate-later-wrap">
<div class="donate-later-dropdown js-donate-later-dropdown" id="donate_dropdown">
<button id="close_donate_dropdown" class="donate-close" type="button" aria-label="Close banner"><span class="iconochive-remove-circle"></span>
</button>
<form id="donate_reminder_form" data-base-url="https://archive.org">
<h5>Send me an email reminder</h5>
<label for="email">Email address (required)</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" value="">
<div class="error-email">Please enter a valid email address.</div>
<label for="first-name">First name</label>
<input type="text" id="first-name" name="first_name" value="">
<label for="last-name">Last name</label>
<input type="text" id="last-name" name="last_name" value="">
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
<p>
By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive.
Your privacy is important to us. We do not sell or trade your information with anyone.
</p>
</form>
<div class="reminder-success hidden" id="donate_reminder_success" aria-live="polite">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!--/.white-box -->
<div class="donate-form-chevrons" style="--donationBannerChevronBG: #F9BF3B;"></div>
</div> <!-- .donate-form -->
</div>
</header>
<div id="topnav">
<input class="js_nav_tweaks" type="hidden" value="[]">
<!-- Shady DOM styles for icon-hamburger --><style scope="icon-hamburger-1">.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger {
display: block;
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger {
fill: #fff;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for login-button --><style scope="login-button-1">.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display: block;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #ccc;
cursor: pointer;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height: 100%;
width: 4rem;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #999;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display: none;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #999;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
outline: 0;
}
.login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus {
color: #fff !important;
outline: none !important;
outline-offset: inherit !important;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button {
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
background: transparent;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
display: block;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display: inline;
vertical-align: middle;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for nav-search --><style scope="nav-search-1">.nav-search-1 input.nav-search[type="text"] {
color: #222;
}
.nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
.nav-search-1 button.nav-search {
background: none;
color: inherit;
border: none;
font: inherit;
cursor: pointer;
}
.nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search {
padding-top: 0;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
position: relative;
fill:;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 4rem;
bottom: 0;
left: 4rem;
z-index: 3;
padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem;
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search {
display: none;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search {
background: #fff;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
width: 100%;
margin: 0 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search {
height: 100%;
padding: 0;
margin-right: 0;
-ms-flex-item-align: center;
-ms-grid-row-align: center;
align-self: center;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding-left: 1rem;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: none;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
@keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 {
0% {
opacity: 0;
}
100% {
opacity: 1;
}
}
.nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search {
animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 0.2s forwards;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
display: inline;
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
vertical-align: -14px;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search {
fill: #333;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search {
display: block;
position: static;
padding: 1.1rem 0.2rem;
background: transparent;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search {
width: 13rem;
height: 2.8rem;
-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;
-webkit-box-direction: reverse;
-ms-flex-direction: row-reverse;
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search {
width: calc(100% - 28px);
height: 100%;
padding-left: 0;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-align: left;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-button --><style scope="media-button-1">.media-button-1 a.media-button {
display: inline-block;
text-decoration: none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: left;
background: transparent;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
outline: none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0;
font-weight: 400;
color: #fff;
text-align: left;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button {
display: inline-flex;
vertical-align: middle;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button > svg.media-button {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background-color: #333;
border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #999;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #f00;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
width: auto;
height: 5rem;
color: #999;
display: inline-flex;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
color: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display: none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
padding-right: 1rem;
font-size: 1.3rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: inherit;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display: none;
content: "web";
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button {
display: none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button {
background: #474747;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after {
color: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background: transparent;
}
.media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #ffcd27;
}
.media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #faab3c;
}
.media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #f1644b;
}
.media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #00adef;
}
.media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #9ecc4f;
}
.media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #aa99c9;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display: inline;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button {
display: none;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-menu --><style scope="media-menu-1">.media-menu-1 {
outline: none;
}
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
z-index: -1;
top: -40rem;
background-color: #222;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-property: top;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
position: relative;
line-height: normal;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
top: 0;
}
.media-menu-1 .overflow-clip.media-menu {
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
top: 4rem;
left: 0;
height: 0;
width: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-property: height;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .overflow-clip.media-menu {
height: 40rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
display: block;
position: static;
width: auto;
height: 5rem;
transition-property: none;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
font-size: 0;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for primary-nav --><style scope="primary-nav-1">.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus {
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
position: relative;
display: flex;
height: 4rem;
grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart search user';
-ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem 4rem;
grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem 4rem;
-ms-grid-rows: 100%;
grid-template-rows: 100%;
background: #222;
border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.hide-search.primary-nav {
grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart user';
-ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem;
grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display: flex;
margin-left: auto;
user-select: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav {
background: none;
color: inherit;
border: none;
font: inherit;
cursor: pointer;
}
.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
position: static;
float: left;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 5px 0 10px;
-webkit-transform: translate(0, 0);
-ms-transform: translate(0, 0);
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
display: flex;
justify-content: left;
align-items: center;
}
.primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav {
grid-column-start: hamburger-start;
grid-column-end: user-end;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 2.7rem;
display: inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 9.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right: 5px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
grid-area: hamburger;
padding: 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
fill: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill: rgb(255, 0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 .sr-only.primary-nav {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
-webkit-clip-path: inset(50%);
clip-path: inset(50%);
user-select: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav {
padding: 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display: none;
font-size: 1.3rem;
vertical-align: middle;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
color: #999;
padding: 0.5rem;
height: 100%;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:hover,.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:focus {
color: #fff;
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display: block;
width: 3rem;
height: 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav {
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-flex;
}
.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline-offset: 1px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 906px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo'] {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display: initial;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav .user-info.primary-nav {
float: right;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.primary-nav-1 {
;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
display: flex;
z-index: 4;
height: 5rem;
padding-right: 1.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo-mobile'] {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right: 10px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav {
display: block;
float: right;
vertical-align: middle;
height: 100%;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
background: transparent;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display: block;
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
float: right;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-decoration: none;
color: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover {
color: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
vertical-align: middle;
fill: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav {
fill: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav {
float: right;
margin-left: 1rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
max-width: 165px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display: inline;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for user-menu --><!-- Shady DOM styles for search-menu --><style scope="search-menu-1">.search-menu-1 .menu-wrapper.search-menu {
position: relative;
}
.search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus {
outline-color: #428bca;
outline-width: 0.16rem;
outline-style: auto;
outline-offset: 2px !important;
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 4;
padding: 0 4.5rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
}
.search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu {
overflow: hidden;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
top: -1500px;
}
.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem;
display: block;
}
.search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu {
text-decoration: none;
color: #428bca;
line-height: normal;
padding: 0.5rem;
margin-top: 5px;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
overflow: visible;
right: 2rem;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
color: #333;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 .open.search-menu {
opacity: 1;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu {
padding: 0;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 0;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu {
padding-top: 7px;
}
.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem 0 0 0;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-wayback-search --><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-search --><style scope="wayback-search-1">.wayback-search-1 {
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
max-width: 600px;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-top: 0;
font-weight: 200;
}
.wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search {
font-weight: 500;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: 0.7rem 2rem;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-align: center;
border: none;
border-radius: 7px;
background-color: #fcf5e6;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97;
}
.wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
width: 100%;
max-width: 215px;
max-height: 60px;
margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 3rem;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem;
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color: #858585;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 2rem;
background: #eee;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus {
border-color: #66afe9;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);
outline: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
position: absolute;
top: 2px;
left: 3px;
width: 2.4rem;
height: 2.4rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #999;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus + svg.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 3rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
margin: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: inline-block;
width: 50%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #333;
}
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: .5rem;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
padding-left: 3rem;
margin-top: .3rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-color: #bca38e;
background: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color: #8e8e8e;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
margin: 0 1.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for save-page-form --><style scope="save-page-form-1">.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
grid-column-gap: .8rem;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: none;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] {
width: 100%;
height: 3rem;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #999;
border-radius: .5rem;
color: #222;
font-size: inherit;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: none;
-moz-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
padding: .4rem .8rem;
font: normal 1.3rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #fff;
border: none;
border-radius: 16px;
background: #222;
cursor: pointer;
}
.save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form {
display: none;
margin-top: .5rem;
font-weight: bold;
color: #ffcd27;
}
.save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form {
display: block;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-slider --><style scope="wayback-slider-1">.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 0;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 {
display: block;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for more-slider --><style scope="more-slider-1">.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: -1rem 0 0 0;
list-style: none;
}
.more-slider-1 a.more-slider {
display: block;
padding: 1rem 0;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-subnav --><style scope="media-subnav-1">.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 0;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
.media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav {
display: block;
width: 90px;
height: 90px;
margin: 0 auto 1rem auto;
border-radius: 45px;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
margin-top: 0;
font-size: 1.8rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-pack: space-evenly;
-ms-flex-pack: space-evenly;
justify-content: space-evenly;
text-align: center;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: inline-block;
width: 12rem;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: center;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav {
margin-left: 2rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
}
.media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
-ms-grid-column-span: 3;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
padding-top: 3.5rem;
max-width: 16rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav {
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 2;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: block;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%;
grid-template-columns: 50% 50%;
-ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7];
grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto);
grid-column-gap: 3rem;
grid-auto-flow: column;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-slider --><style scope="media-slider-1">.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider {
position: relative;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 3rem;
right: 0;
left: 0;
height: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition: height 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 0;
height: 31.9rem;
overflow-x: hidden;
font-size: 1.4rem;
background: #333;
}
.media-slider-1 .open.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider {
display: none;
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
padding: 1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
display: block;
height: 35.8rem;
left: 4rem;
top: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
left: 0;
z-index: 3;
height: auto;
min-height: 21rem;
background: #474747;
transform: translate(0, -100%);
transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
height: 22rem;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider {
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
max-width: 100rem;
padding: 1.5rem 0;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for desktop-subnav --><style scope="desktop-subnav-1">.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
padding: .8rem 0;
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.2rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-align: center;
background: #333;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0 15px;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #aaa;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus {
color: #fff;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav {
width: 1.6rem;
height: 1.6rem;
vertical-align: top;
fill: #f00;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for signed-out-dropdown --><style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown {
position: relative;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
z-index: 4;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
top: -1500px;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
transition-duration: 0.5s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
max-width: 100vw;
overflow: auto;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.6rem 2rem;
margin: 0;
font-size: inherit;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px);
overflow: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
margin: 0.5rem 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
display: block;
color: #fff;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
font-size: 0.8em;
color: #999;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .callout.signed-out-dropdown {
position: absolute;
margin-left: 10px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fee257;
color: #2c2c2c;
font-size: 1.4rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display: flex;
justify-content: left;
align-items: center;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown svg.signed-out-dropdown {
fill: #fff;
margin-right: 1rem;
height: 1.4rem;
width: 1.4rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
display: flex;
overflow: visible;
top: 0;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
display: none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
border-bottom-color: #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
color: #333;
transition: background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
font-size: 0.8em;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus {
color: #fff;
background: #428bca;
outline: none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 1;
overflow: visible;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display: none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 33.5rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 18.5rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 40rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 26rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-topnav --><style scope="ia-topnav-1">.ia-topnav-1 {
;
color: #fff;
font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus {
outline: none !important;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav {
display: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 3;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav {
display: block;
}
.ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 4;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav {
display: none;
}
}</style><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; }
body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
</style>
<ia-topnav locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion" class="x-scope ia-topnav-1"><!---->
<div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav">
<primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1"><!---->
<nav class="style-scope primary-nav">
<button class="hamburger style-scope primary-nav" title="Open main menu" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHamburger">
<icon-hamburger class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope icon-hamburger-1"><!---->
<svg viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="hamburgerTitleID hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">
<title id="hamburgerTitleID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">Hamburger icon</title>
<desc id="hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon.</desc>
<path d="m30.5 26.5c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5z" fill="#999" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"></path>
</svg>
</icon-hamburger>
</button>
<div class="branding style-scope primary-nav">
<a title="Go home" class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID">
<title id="logoTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Internet Archive logo</title>
<desc id="logoDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<mask id="mask-2" fill="white" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="M26.6666667,28.6046512 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0.000283687943,28.6046512 L26.6666667,28.6046512 Z M25.6140351,26.5116279 L25.6140351,28.255814 L1.05263158,28.255814 L1.05263158,26.5116279 L25.6140351,26.5116279 Z M3.62469203,7.6744186 L3.91746909,7.82153285 L4.0639977,10.1739544 L4.21052632,13.9963932 L4.21052632,17.6725617 L4.0639977,22.255044 L4.03962296,25.3421929 L3.62469203,25.4651163 L2.16024641,25.4651163 L1.72094074,25.3421929 L1.55031755,22.255044 L1.40350877,17.6970339 L1.40350877,14.0211467 L1.55031755,10.1739544 L1.68423854,7.80887484 L1.98962322,7.6744186 L3.62469203,7.6744186 Z M24.6774869,7.6744186 L24.9706026,7.82153285 L25.1168803,10.1739544 L25.2631579,13.9963932 L25.2631579,17.6725617 L25.1168803,22.255044 L25.0927809,25.3421929 L24.6774869,25.4651163 L23.2130291,25.4651163 L22.7736357,25.3421929 L22.602418,22.255044 L22.4561404,17.6970339 L22.4561404,14.0211467 L22.602418,10.1739544 L22.7369262,7.80887484 L23.0420916,7.6744186 L24.6774869,7.6744186 Z M9.94042303,7.6744186 L10.2332293,7.82153285 L10.3797725,10.1739544 L10.5263158,13.9963932 L10.5263158,17.6725617 L10.3797725,22.255044 L10.3556756,25.3421929 L9.94042303,25.4651163 L8.47583122,25.4651163 L8.0362015,25.3421929 L7.86556129,22.255044 L7.71929825,17.6970339 L7.71929825,14.0211467 L7.86556129,10.1739544 L8.00005604,7.80887484 L8.30491081,7.6744186 L9.94042303,7.6744186 Z M18.0105985,7.6744186 L18.3034047,7.82153285 L18.449948,10.1739544 L18.5964912,13.9963932 L18.5964912,17.6725617 L18.449948,22.255044 L18.425851,25.3421929 L18.0105985,25.4651163 L16.5460067,25.4651163 L16.1066571,25.3421929 L15.9357367,22.255044 L15.7894737,17.6970339 L15.7894737,14.0211467 L15.9357367,10.1739544 L16.0702315,7.80887484 L16.3753664,7.6744186 L18.0105985,7.6744186 Z M25.6140351,4.53488372 L25.6140351,6.97674419 L1.05263158,6.97674419 L1.05263158,4.53488372 L25.6140351,4.53488372 Z M13.0806755,0 L25.9649123,2.93331338 L25.4484139,3.8372093 L0.771925248,3.8372093 L0,3.1041615 L13.0806755,0 Z" id="path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</mask>
<use fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></use>
<g mask="url(#mask-2)" fill="#FFFFFF" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="M0,0 L26.6666667,0 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0,0 Z" id="swatch" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg class="ia-wordmark stacked style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 95 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<g transform="translate(0 17)" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="m3.07645967 2.60391777c.09263226-.31901841.26275495-.97477846.26275495-1.10630359 0-.74950669-.57227138-.76816274-1.19041353-.88009902v-.41183224h2.90678232l3.77209227 12.60682378h-1.60725868l-1.16012991-3.8963154h-3.94266032l-1.15968456 3.8963154h-.95794221zm-.69607795 5.4317081h3.41670507l-1.76223957-5.469953z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m13.2661876 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0316196-1.85487748-1.469201-2.13611739v-.41183224h3.8032666c1.1601299 0 4.3599508 0 4.3599508 3.35342446 0 2.13518459-1.143652 2.84737918-2.3652399 3.0903742l2.8448791 6.16302512h-1.7773814l-2.7366596-5.82581707h-.9588329v5.82581707h-1.7007817zm1.7007817 3.35295806h.8817878c1.0042583 0 2.411556-.33674165 2.411556-2.43508055 0-2.0237147-.9588329-2.58572812-2.2579112-2.58572812-1.0354326 0-1.0354326.33720805-1.0354326 1.68650665z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m30.9386422 12.2878054c-.5250645.2817063-1.3761234.7121946-2.9682403.7121946-3.3552471 0-4.5612478-2.4537366-4.5612478-6.66860403 0-3.4089262.86531-6.18214759 4.3136347-6.18214759 1.3761234 0 2.3812724.28077351 3.0920468.56201342l.0930776 3.12908549h-.4484648c-.0619033-.95612241-.9125167-2.79187744-2.5821241-2.79187744-2.2726076 0-2.6440273 2.94065941-2.6440273 5.28292612 0 2.95931547.8510588 5.61966783 2.9994146 5.61966783 1.4692009 0 2.2267368-.5620135 2.7059306-.9551897z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m35.4546446 2.67900836c0-1.48129014-.0926322-1.64966096-1.5466914-1.83622143v-.41276504l3.2470277-.43002189v5.80669465h4.2049699v-5.60101173h1.7007816v12.60682378h-1.7007816v-6.12571303h-4.2049699v6.12571303h-1.7003363z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m46.0300434 12.3447063c1.0973359 0 1.3137748-.2807735 1.3137748-1.7420083v-8.05568117c0-1.46123489-.2164389-1.741542-1.3137748-1.741542v-.46919958h4.3287765v.46919958c-1.0826395 0-1.3137748.28030711-1.3137748 1.741542v8.05568117c0 1.4612348.2311353 1.7420083 1.3137748 1.7420083v.4678004h-4.3287765z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m55.1990352 2.60391777c-.494781-1.7051627-.6341747-1.7051627-1.8709043-1.98640261v-.41183224h2.9994145l3.0301436 10.26548988h.0307289l2.9535438-10.26548988h1.0042584l-3.771647 12.60682378h-1.344949z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m67.7842867 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0463161-1.85487748-1.4687557-2.13611739v-.41183224h7.4061269l.0463161 2.77228859h-.433323c0-1.49854698-.6488711-1.89218957-1.6696073-1.89218957h-1.2060007c-.7726777 0-.9735293.07462419-.9735293.97431206v3.7279446h1.8709043c1.0657162 0 1.174381-.82366447 1.2674586-1.44164603h.4324323v3.93316112h-.4324323c0-1.01162415-.3402454-1.61141607-1.2674586-1.61141607h-1.8709043v4.17755538c0 1.0489362.2008516 1.0867147.9735293 1.0867147h1.7168141c.8804518 0 1.2977423-.3749865 1.3908199-1.835755h.433323l-.0472068 2.715854h-6.1685065z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
<path d="m1.55575146 9.89647882v-7.6678574c0-1.39053729-.25677019-1.65867172-1.55575146-1.65867172v-.44528687h5.12561364v.44528687c-1.28118091 0-1.55575146.26813443-1.55575146 1.65867172v7.6678574c0 1.39097468.27457055 1.65735948 1.55575146 1.65735948v.4461617h-5.12561364v-.4461617c1.29898127 0 1.55575146-.2663848 1.55575146-1.65735948z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m9.92299051 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.25588017-1.58649851-1.83032201-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8626781l5.7664266 9.70008019h.0364907v-9.70008019h1.1534634v12h-1.7577856l-6.0405521-10.14492965h-.0369358v10.14492965h-1.15346329z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m25.631543.83808413h-1.2633805c-1.4458343 0-1.8668128.44572428-1.977175 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0729815-2.5864256h9.3727795l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.37304075-.5860768-1.8012685-1.9954203-1.8012685h-1.2442452v11.16191587h-2.0141107z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m36.1050097 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0556262-1.7654006-1.7399852-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7685305-1.8012685-1.9762849-1.8012685h-1.4284789c-.9153835 0-1.1534633.0717358-1.1534633.92775388v3.54829773h2.2152547c1.2629356 0 1.3906532-.7851571 1.5010154-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010154-1.53313407h-2.2152547v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1534633 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5375061-.356492 1.6469783-1.74702926h.5135404l-.0551812 2.58511336h-7.3034876z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m48.1689385 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0364908-1.7654006-1.7382052-2.0326602v-.39235985h4.5026011c1.3732977 0 5.1621043 0 5.1621043 3.19180579 0 2.03309761-1.3537173 2.71065102-2.8004416 2.94248013l3.3682731 5.86571408h-2.1053376l-3.2396655-5.54552745h-1.1352179v5.54552745h-2.0141107zm2.0141107 3.19136837h1.0439911c1.189064 0 2.8556227-.32018663 2.8556227-2.31697893 0-1.92680615-1.1352179-2.46132536-2.673169-2.46132536-1.2264448 0-1.2264448.32062404-1.2264448 1.6057447z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m61.4610921 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.2567702-1.58649851-1.830767-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8622331l5.7659816 9.70008019h.0369357v-9.70008019h1.1534633v12h-1.7568955l-6.0414421-10.14492965h-.0364908v10.14492965h-1.1530183z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m75.1550889 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0547361-1.7654006-1.7390952-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7694205-1.8012685-1.9771749-1.8012685h-1.4280339c-.9149385 0-1.1530183.0717358-1.1530183.92775388v3.54829773h2.2148098c1.2633805 0 1.3906531-.7851571 1.5010153-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010153-1.53313407h-2.2148098v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1530183 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5379511-.356492 1.6478683-1.74702926h.5126504l-.0551811 2.58511336h-7.3039327z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m89.2335734.83808413h-1.2624905c-1.4462793 0-1.8672578.44572428-1.97762 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0734265-2.5864256h9.3718895l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5122054c0-1.37304075-.5856318-1.8012685-1.9958653-1.8012685h-1.2446902v11.16191587h-2.0136657z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
</div>
<media-menu class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope media-menu-1"><!---->
<div class="media-menu-container closed style-scope media-menu">
<div class="overflow-clip style-scope media-menu">
<nav class="media-menu-inner style-scope media-menu" aria-expanded="false">
<div class="menu-group style-scope media-menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="web"><!---->
<a class="menu-item web style-scope media-button" href="https://web.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuWeb" title="Expand web menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="webTitleID webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="webTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Web icon</title>
<desc id="webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a computer application window</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m8 28.7585405v-8.1608108-9.3577297h24v9.3577297 8.1608108zm14.2702703-15.8863783h-12.43243246v2.6114594h12.43243246zm7.7837838 14.0365946v-7.0727027-1.8497838h-20.21621626v1.8497838 7.0727027zm-3.7837838-14.0365946h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027zm4 0h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Wayback Machine</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="texts"><!---->
<a class="menu-item texts style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuTexts" title="Expand texts menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="textsTitleID textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="textsTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Texts icon</title>
<desc id="textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an open book.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.3323235 11.0007023h6.9060825c.8851083 0 1.5847122.3064258 2.0988114.9192774v14.4324451h-.6460032c-.1435563-.120323-.3528315-.2434552-.6278257-.3693964-.2749942-.1259413-.5201585-.2191097-.7354929-.2795053l-.3048241-.1081503h-5.7042647c-.3108832 0-.5621067-.0601615-.7536705-.1804846-.0717781-.0599274-.1256117-.1439663-.1615008-.2521166-.0358891-.1081502-.0598928-.2043619-.0720112-.2886348v-13.8741368zm19.1752505 0v13.603761c-.0717781.3361555-.2211606.5943584-.4481473.7746089-.0717781.0599274-.1733862.1079162-.304824.1439663-.1314379.0360501-.2451643.0601615-.3411793.0723343h-5.5965975c-.9568865.2640552-1.5068748.5164059-1.649965.757052h-.6634817v-14.4324451c.5140992-.6128516 1.2076439-.9192774 2.0806339-.9192774h6.92426zm1.3814961.6489017-.1796783 15.2976474c-.0955489 0-1.0342578.0119386-2.8161268.035816-1.7818691.0238773-3.3006293.0898911-4.5562806.1980414-1.2556514.1081503-1.9613144.2884008-2.1169891.5407514-.0955488.1924233-.5439291.273419-1.345141.2429871-.8012118-.0304319-1.3155441-.1776755-1.5429969-.4417308-.334654-.3843783-3.4558378-.5765674-9.36355164-.5765674v-15.3875385l-.96830576.3960828v16.2702977c6.4096947-.2041278 9.7760429-.0840388 10.0990445.3602669.2391051.276228.9864833.414342 2.2421347.414342.1915638 0 .4187835-.0210682.6816593-.0632047s.4810068-.0870821.6543929-.1348367c.1733862-.0477547.2719646-.0838048.2957353-.1081503.0838965-.1563732.9599161-.2675666 2.6280587-.3335805 1.6681426-.0660138 3.3213703-.0931684 4.9596831-.0814638l2.4392915.0182591v-16.2344816z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Texts</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="video"><!---->
<a class="menu-item video style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuVideo" title="Expand video menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="videoTitleID videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="videoTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Video icon</title>
<desc id="videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two cells of a film strip.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m31.0117647 12.0677966c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm-4.0941176-10.440678c0 .5423729-.4235295.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647058 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-.1411765 11.2542373c0 .5423729-.4235294.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647059 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-14.9647059-17.220339c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm20.0470588-20.4745763h-.8470588v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.27118644-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-16.5176471v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.27118644-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-1.12941176v24h1.12941176v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661v.6779661.2711864h16.6588235v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.282353-.6779661.7058824-.6779661h1.2705882c.4235294 0 .7058824.2711864.7058824.6779661v.6779661.2711864h.8470588v-24z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Video</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="audio"><!---->
<a class="menu-item audio style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuAudio" title="Expand audio menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40px" height="40px" viewBox="0 0 40 40" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="audioTitleID audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="audioTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Audio icon</title>
<desc id="audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an audio speaker.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope media-button">
<g transform="translate(10, 8)" class="fill-color style-scope media-button">
<path d="M19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,20.7200433 C19.4264564,22.3657576 18.8838179,23.2519114 16.8489237,23.2519114 C12.2364969,23.125318 7.75972977,23.125318 3.14730298,23.2519114 C1.24806842,23.2519114 0.569770368,22.492351 0.569770368,20.7200433 L0.569770368,2.74377955 C0.569770368,1.09806526 1.11240881,0.211911416 3.14730298,0.211911416 C7.75972977,0.338504822 12.2364969,0.338504822 16.8489237,0.211911416 C18.7481583,0.211911416 19.4264564,0.971471855 19.4264564,2.74377955 C19.2907967,5.78202131 19.4264564,8.82026306 19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,11.8585048 Z M10.0659432,2.74377955 C8.16670861,2.74377955 6.67445288,4.13630702 6.67445288,5.90861471 C6.67445288,7.6809224 8.16670861,9.07344988 10.0659432,9.07344988 C11.9651777,9.07344988 13.4574335,7.6809224 13.4574335,5.90861471 C13.4574335,4.13630702 11.8295181,2.74377955 10.0659432,2.74377955 L10.0659432,2.74377955 Z M10.0659432,11.4787246 C7.21709133,11.4787246 5.04653754,13.6308125 5.04653754,16.1626806 C5.04653754,18.8211422 7.35275094,20.8466367 10.0659432,20.8466367 C12.914795,20.8466367 15.0853488,18.6945488 15.0853488,16.1626806 C15.0853488,13.6308125 12.7791354,11.4787246 10.0659432,11.4787246 L10.0659432,11.4787246 Z" class="style-scope media-button"></path>
<ellipse cx="10.2016028" cy="16.5690777" rx="1.35659611" ry="1.34075134" class="style-scope media-button"></ellipse>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Audio</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="software"><!---->
<a class="menu-item software style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuSoftware" title="Expand software menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="softwareTitleID softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="softwareTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Software icon</title>
<desc id="softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m32 30.6900373v-21.44521088c0-.82988428-.4156786-1.24482642-1.2470357-1.24482642h-21.50592858c-.83135715 0-1.24703572.4221795-1.24703572 1.26653851v21.44521089c0 .8588337.41567857 1.2882506 1.24703572 1.2882506h21.48327168c.8458575 0 1.2687863-.4366542 1.2687863-1.3099627zm-5.9950155-20.4410268v6.114667c0 .6694561-.3428744 1.0041841-1.0286232 1.0041841h-10.1294464c-.2622159 0-.4773054-.0802141-.6452685-.2406423s-.2519447-.3642806-.2519447-.6115572v-6.1363791l.0217506-.1311772h12.0326259zm-4.9437353.8295827v5.0010178h3.0405558v-5.0010178zm-9.7134658 18.8035735v-7.753025c0-.5241057.1604108-.9025595.4812325-1.1353613.1897138-.1453504.4011782-.2180256.6343932-.2180256h14.7451099c.3208217 0 .5905898.1091636.8093044.3274907s.3280719.5023936.3280719.8521995v7.8181612l-.0217506.1094652h-16.9772676z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Software</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="images"><!---->
<a class="menu-item images style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuImages" title="Expand images menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="imagesTitleID imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="imagesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Images icon</title>
<desc id="imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two photographs.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m20.8219178 15.3769871c0 1.1136708-.8767123 1.8932404-1.8630137 1.8932404s-1.9726027-.8909367-1.9726027-1.8932404c0-1.0023038.8767123-1.8932404 1.9726027-1.8932404.9863014 0 1.8630137.8909366 1.8630137 1.8932404zm-5.9178082-3.7864808h15.4520548v6.0138225l-1.9726028-3.3410125-2.6301369 6.3479237-2.1917809-2.67281-6.1369863 5.1228859h-2.5205479zm-1.7534247-1.6705063v14.9231892h18.8493151v-14.9231892zm-2.9589041 7.2388604c.2191781 0 1.9726028-.3341012 1.9726028-.3341012v-2.0046075l-4.1643836.5568354c.43835616 4.7887846.87671233 9.9116704 1.31506849 14.700455 6.02739731-.5568354 13.26027401-1.5591391 19.39726031-2.1159746-.1095891-.5568354-.1095891-2.0046075-.2191781-2.67281-.4383562.1113671-1.4246575 0-1.8630137.1113671v.8909367c-5.1506849.4454683-10.3013699 1.1136708-15.4520548 1.6705062.109589-.111367-.5479452-7.0161262-.9863014-10.8026071z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Images</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="donate"><!---->
<a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/donate/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" title="Expand donate menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Donate</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="more"><!---->
<a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" title="Expand more menu">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="ellipsesTitleID ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="ellipsesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Ellipses icon</title>
<desc id="ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of text ellipses.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.5 17.5c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5c-1.38071187 0-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5s1.11928813-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->More</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!---->
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</media-menu>
<div class="right-side-section style-scope primary-nav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<a class="mobile-donate-link style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.6,8.12c-1.57,-1.51 -3.46,-2.21 -5.65,-2.11c-1,0.03 -2.14,0.51 -3.42,1.44c-1.28,0.92 -2.28,2.09 -3.03,3.51c-0.71,-1.41 -1.72,-2.59 -3,-3.51c-1.29,-0.93 -2.43,-1.41 -3.41,-1.44c-1.46,-0.07 -2.8,0.23 -4.02,0.88c-1.23,0.65 -2.21,1.6 -2.94,2.83c-0.74,1.24 -1.11,2.63 -1.12,4.17c-0.05,2.56 0.85,5.01 2.68,7.37c1.46,1.88 3.52,4.21 6.19,7.04c2.66,2.81 4.53,4.71 5.62,5.69c1,-0.88 2.85,-2.75 5.55,-5.6s4.81,-5.23 6.31,-7.13c1.81,-2.36 2.71,-4.81 2.66,-7.37c-0.04,-2.35 -0.83,-4.28 -2.4,-5.77z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="sr-only style-scope primary-nav">"Donate to the archive"</span>
</a>
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><div class="user-info style-scope primary-nav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1"><!---->
<div class="logged-out-toolbar style-scope login-button">
<a class="dropdown-toggle style-scope login-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavLoginIcon">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">
<title id="userTitleID" class="style-scope login-button">User icon</title>
<desc id="userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">An illustration of a person's head and chest.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope login-button" d="m20.7130435 18.0434783c-3.5658385 0-6.4565218-2.9198821-6.4565218-6.5217392 0-3.60185703 2.8906833-6.5217391 6.4565218-6.5217391s6.4565217 2.91988207 6.4565217 6.5217391c0 3.6018571-2.8906832 6.5217392-6.4565217 6.5217392zm-12.9130435 16.9565217c0-7.9240855 5.7813665-14.3478261 12.9130435-14.3478261s12.9130435 6.4237406 12.9130435 14.3478261z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<span class="style-scope login-button">
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="https://archive.org/account/signup">Sign up</a>
|
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="https://archive.org/account/login">Log in</a>
</span>
</div>
</login-button>
</div>
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/create">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="uploadTitleID uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="uploadTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload icon</title>
<desc id="uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
<span class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload</span>
</a>
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<button class="search-trigger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchOpen">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<nav-search class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope nav-search-1"><!---->
<div class="search-activated fade-in search-inactive style-scope nav-search">
<form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="https://archive.org/search" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit">
<input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value="">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope nav-search">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope nav-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</form>
</div>
</nav-search>
</div>
</nav>
</primary-nav>
<media-slider class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope media-slider-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="media-slider-container style-scope media-slider">
<div class="overflow-clip closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="information-menu closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="info-box style-scope media-slider">
<media-subnav menu="audio" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Internet Archive Audio</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/etree" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LiveMusicArchiveAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/etree"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Live Music Archive</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/librivoxaudio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LibrivoxFreeAudioAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/librivoxaudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Librivox Free Audio</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllAudioAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->All Audio</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/GratefulDead" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GratefulDeadAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Grateful Dead</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/netlabels" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NetlabelsAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Netlabels</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/oldtimeradio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldTimeRadioAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Old Time Radio</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/78rpm" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|78RPMsAndCylinderRecordingsAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_bookspoetry" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AudioBooks&PoetryAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Audio Books & Poetry</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_tech" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers,TechnologyAndScienceAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Computers, Technology and Science</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_music" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Music,Arts&CultureAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Music, Arts & Culture</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_news" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->News & Public Affairs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_religion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Spirituality & Religion</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/podcasts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PodcastsAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Podcasts</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/radio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|RadioNewsArchiveAudio"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Radio News Archive</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="images" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Images</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MetropolitanMuseumImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Metropolitan Museum</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/clevelandart" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClevelandMuseumOfArtImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/clevelandart"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Cleveland Museum of Art</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllImagesImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->All Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/flickrcommons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FlickrCommonsImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Flickr Commons</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetFlickrImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Occupy Wall Street Flickr</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CoverArtImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Cover Art</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|USGSMapsImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->USGS Maps</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/nasa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NASAImagesImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->NASA Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/solarsystemcollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SolarSystemCollectionImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Solar System Collection</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/amesresearchcenterimagelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmesResearchCenterImages"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Ames Research Center</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="software" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Software</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/internetarcade" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|InternetArcadeSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/internetarcade"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Internet Arcade</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/consolelivingroom" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ConsoleLivingRoomSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/consolelivingroom"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Console Living Room</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->All Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tosec" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldSchoolEmulationSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Old School Emulation</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->MS-DOS Games</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|HistoricalSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Historical Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/classicpcgames" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClassicPCGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Classic PC Games</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Software Library</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/kodi_archive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|KodiArchiveAndSupportFileSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Kodi Archive and Support File</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/vintagesoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VintageSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Vintage Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/apkarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|APKSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->APK</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_msdos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->MS-DOS</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cd-roms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->CD-ROM Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdromsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->CD-ROM Software Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwaresites" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareSitesSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Software Sites</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tucows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TucowsSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Tucows Software Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SharewareCD-ROMsSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Shareware CD-ROMs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarecapsules" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareCapsulesCompilationSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Software Capsules Compilation</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdromimages" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMImagesSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->CD-ROM Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_zx_spectrum" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ZXSpectrumSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->ZX Spectrum</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/doom-cds" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DOOMLevelCDSoftware"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->DOOM Level CD</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="texts" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Texts</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://openlibrary.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OpenLibraryTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/images/widgetOL.png"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Open Library</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/americana"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->American Libraries</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllTextsTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->All Texts</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/smithsonian" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SmithsonianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Smithsonian Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/fedlink" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FEDLINK(US)Texts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->FEDLINK (US)</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/genealogy" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GenealogyTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Genealogy</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/lincolncollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LincolnCollectionTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Lincoln Collection</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->American Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/toronto" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CanadianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Canadian Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/universallibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|UniversalLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Universal Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/gutenberg" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ProjectGutenbergTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Project Gutenberg</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/iacl" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Children'sLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Children's Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/biodiversity" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BiodiversityHeritageLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/booksbylanguage" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BooksByLanguageTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Books by Language</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/additional_collections" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AdditionalCollectionsTexts"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Additional Collections</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="video" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Video</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tv" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNewsVideo"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/tv"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->TV News</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/911" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Understanding9/11Video"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/911"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Understanding 9/11</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllVideoVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->All Video</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/prelinger" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PrelingerArchivesVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Prelinger Archives</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/democracy_now_vid" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DemocracyNow!Video"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Democracy Now!</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/occupywallstreet" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Occupy Wall Street</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/nsa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNSAClipLibraryVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->TV NSA Clip Library</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/animationandcartoons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Animation&CartoonsVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Animation & Cartoons</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/artsandmusicvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Arts&MusicVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Arts & Music</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/computersandtechvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers&TechnologyVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Computers & Technology</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/culturalandacademicfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Cultural&AcademicFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Cultural & Academic Films</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/ephemera" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|EphemeralFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Ephemeral Films</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/moviesandfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MoviesVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Movies</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/newsandpublicaffairs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->News & Public Affairs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritualityandreligion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Spirituality & Religion</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/sports" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SportsVideosVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Sports Videos</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/television" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TelevisionVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Television</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/gamevideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VideogameVideosVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Videogame Videos</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/vlogs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VlogsVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Vlogs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/youth_media" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|YouthMediaVideo"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Youth Media</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="web" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<wayback-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope wayback-slider-1"><!---->
<div class="grid style-scope wayback-slider">
<wayback-search class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope wayback-search-1" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion"><!---->
<form action="" method="post" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<p class="style-scope wayback-search">
Search the history of over <!--?lit$1006610606$-->916 billion
<a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/" class="style-scope wayback-search">web pages</a>
on the Internet.
</p>
<fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search">
<a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org" class="style-scope wayback-search"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="55" viewBox="0 0 205 55" width="205" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="style-scope wayback-search"><g fill="none" class="style-scope wayback-search"><path d="m41.5442526 5.47625158v36.05869762s-.0825635.8039669.6808836.8039669c.7634442 0 .5779563-.8039669.5779563-.8039669v-36.05869762h5.4674088l.0001982 44.76728562c.0070059.1547261.1602174 4.7191467-6.1484876 4.7191467-6.1999371 0-6.1018528-4.697561-6.0880787-5.0160398l.0008628-1.7899844h5.5092566l.0006247 1.8215446c.0064131.111431.0698016.5292973.6598981.5292973.6808836 0 .5564693-.5981684.5564693-.5981684v-4.3726361s-.9489378 1.6294184-3.4044061 1.2370455c-2.4554712-.39237-2.8060919-1.8148639-2.9712219-2.4967105-.1651328-.6795829-.2680542-1.174855-.2680542-2.0625 0-.8599178-.0383122-34.61864321-.0406109-36.64339281l-.0001077-.09488771zm30.6351382 1.09344342c6.9117365 0 6.7805382 5.4445918 6.7805382 5.4445918v39.5210721h-5.7365952v-1.1522413s-2.086754 2.4978424-5.1507198.8955592c-3.0650979-1.6011513-2.5436924-5.1879097-2.5436924-5.1879097l.0000351-8.8028589c.0025794-.2398669.0684122-2.0251881 1.4352444-3.3674745 1.4669498-1.4405832 3.4553051-1.2178245 3.4553051-1.2178245h2.5425603v-20.4327721s-.0656021-.8966882-.7170766-.8966882c-.6526037 0-.6854033.9566179-.6854033.9566179v16.080489h-6.030665l-.0005626-16.2852138c-.0087587-.3366877-.0366527-5.555347 6.6510318-5.555347zm28.5031432-6.569695v31.41468l.711418.0192211c.593792 0 .593792-.4941403.593792-.4941403v-24.86759869h5.897202v21.90049339s.079171 1.404399-.791723 2.512539c-.870895 1.1081429-1.820962 1.1477197-1.820962 1.1477197s.989654.3946337 1.860548 1.4439758c.870894 1.0482132.791724 2.4921889.791724 2.4921889v14.4024477h-5.936789l-.000309-13.3243353c-.002165-.043998-.019484-.2297601-.158037-.3860879-.158343-.1775284-.277102-.1775284-.277102-.1775284h-.890123v13.8879516h-5.8180296v-49.9715266zm-14.2340414 8.02384579c5.9675612 0 6.2060902 4.59291681 6.2148001 5.06804611l.0002664 15.2041578h-5.556805v-15.4269123s-.0531603-.5009227-.6062332-.5009227c-.5519582 0-.5790885.42064-.5790885.42064v32.2254321s.079173.4477782.6582614.4477782c.4900102 0 .5467595-.3205986.552623-.4192443l.00045-8.2163433h5.4775891l.000339 7.8754281c.0126595.1654646.3391417 5.1294029-6.0570166 5.1294029-6.504565 0-6.1358477-5.1867779-6.1358477-5.1867779l-.0006428-31.5032204c-.0096883-.3249184-.0495263-5.11746431 6.0313048-5.11746431zm-73.7580006-5.70016816v42.49270187h.5575988s.2081099.2374581.5010473-.0554082.1956685-.3901121.1956685-.3901121v-42.04605262l5.7004019.00115789.0007682 41.01721663c.015678.1470376.248026 2.5994908-1.4903372 4.3374305-1.792686 1.7922473-4.4053704 1.6101973-4.4053704 1.6101973h-7.83579091s-2.61381542.18205-4.40650134-1.6101973c-1.79268592-1.7922503-1.48843833-4.344369-1.48843833-4.344369v-41.01027813l5.69927118-.00115789v42.04605262s-.09726862.0972458.19566849.3901121c.29293741.2928663.50217829.0554082.50217829.0554082h.55646783v-42.49270187zm44.8442957-.59701342s2.8128759.11081342 4.2515488 1.54913579 1.3572386 4.52302632 1.3572386 4.52302632v20.17269738s.1085791 1.6825658-.8324397 2.4967105c-.9410187.8141447-1.5743967.9950658-1.5743967.9950658s1.0495978.5789474 1.6105898 1.3026316c.5609919.7236842.7419571 1.3930921.7419571 2.3881579l.0007115 7.6426204c.0126941.1435677.1783816 2.2493941-.8874408 3.6468533-1.1038873 1.4473684-2.4430294 2.1348684-5.2298927 2.1348684h-6.4604558v-46.85176739zm14.5337626 35.74095399s-.1673942-.0203558-.3777654.1843136c-.2092421.2069274-.1459043.3301795-.1459043.3301795v8.4524058s.1673942.4523026.7329089.4523026c.5643854 0 .648084-.4523026.648084-.4523026v-8.9465489zm-44.3104484-34.72101373c5.9643432 0 6.16707 4.5349604 6.1720848 5.00409423l-.0000412 36.6461958h-5.2231058v-1.0674342s-1.8990049 2.3135258-4.6881295.8299731c-2.7891246-1.4824208-2.3140925-4.8057147-2.3140925-4.8057147l.0000416-8.1558683c.0025667-.229176.064831-1.8776574 1.3051717-3.1166422 1.3357486-1.3354261 3.1454001-1.1273669 3.1454001-1.1273669h2.3140896v-18.92660288s-.0588122-.831105-.6526037-.831105-.6232005.88538132-.6232005.88538132v14.89545606h-5.4888988l-.0005553-15.08585244c-.0080458-.3266358-.0237133-5.14451389 6.0538395-5.14451389zm28.932117 33.13115253-.4776089-.0000064v8.3947599h.705764c.5067025 0 .560992-.7236842.560992-.7236842v-6.712171c0-.9769737-.7962466-.9589047-.7962466-.9589047zm-29.0339092-4.5105709s-.1526883-.0203529-.3438338.1707431c-.1900134.191099-.1323304.305305-.1323304.305305v7.8282282s.1515591.419511.6661776.419511c.5146186 0 .5915302-.419511.5915302-.419511v-8.2861842zm29.0087131-25.54039926c-.6808813 0-.5443092.01385177-.4995274.01731471l.0109215.0007774v25.52796055s1.3391421.1085526 1.3391421-1.3569079v-23.35690792s.1085791-.83223684-.8505362-.83223684z" fill="#ab2e33" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path><path d="m164.347608 2.25946661v7.4442539c.21729-.35229187 1.198489-1.67028746 3.735798-1.67028746 3.534354 0 3.281982 3.91684325 3.281982 3.91684325v39.9180342h-3.988173l-.000094-38.4191634c-.002249-.1296195-.058484-1.7498629-1.464346-1.7498629-1.087582 0-1.450864.5267465-1.565167 1.1683005v39.1020256h-4.190748v-49.71014369zm23.367699 5.4959617c3.58528 0 3.32838 3.94160559 3.32838 3.94160559v40.1712766h-4.045888l-.000761-38.6884533c-.008742-.2394578-.118025-1.7360686-1.484053-1.7360686-1.103423 0-1.471231.5301234-1.587799 1.1750516v39.3496435h-4.250729v-43.92154285h4.250729v1.38890288c.220685-.35566881 1.216596-1.68041542 3.790121-1.68041542zm11.392998-.52112204c6.124855 0 5.736674 5.39691513 5.736674 5.39691513v24.2844279h-7.17056l.000077 9.2728055c.001997 1.1852594.055922 2.3291557 1.511897 2.3291557 1.511974 0 1.588933-1.3483852 1.588933-1.3483852v-6.1679026h4.108134l-.00035 5.6892637c-.01289 1.7887967-.410235 4.8333128-5.736327 4.8333128-5.22451 0-5.490421-3.8596058-5.502952-4.1455025l-.000589-34.6706379s-.65866-5.47345253 5.465063-5.47345253zm-72.839588-6.23430627c4.55044 0 4.748706 4.49835393 4.756437 5.01739476l.000233 44.68489444h-4.246265l-.000015-45.39546442c-.001065-.11122824-.038841-1.27912478-1.155468-1.27912478-.689016 0-1.239407-.0003988-1.575847-.00072723l-.366181-.00042531v46.67574174h-4.288077v-46.69262361h-1.942025c-1.0608 0-1.147931 1.05402663-1.154906 1.2547936l-.00058 45.43783001h-4.296023l.000269-45.03840883c.008379-.46638804.223774-4.66388037 5.263374-4.66388037zm12.746531 4.73059864c5.939252 0 5.529572 4.80151166 5.529572 4.80151166v39.1864407h-3.791254v-1.7040541s-.748065 1.776088-2.920962 1.8481219-4.418224-.1913422-4.418224-3.9371049l.000537-10.0356421c.009666-.3007246.1911-3.4583326 3.548528-3.4583326h3.5253l-.000596-22.2422593c-.009853-.1121552-.157986-1.45801702-1.592862-1.45801702-1.497271 0-1.484813 1.94491522-1.484813 1.94491522v17.4051907h-3.99949l-.000952-17.7112484c-.014831-.304231-.125641-4.63952176 5.605216-4.63952176zm12.457944.74622797c5.704988 0 5.452616 4.56852529 5.452616 4.56852529v16.2188817h-3.836522v-16.7703934s-.202578-1.40578478-1.51537-1.40578478c-1.193447 0-1.427274 1.16180558-1.459925 1.37304298l-.004518.0327418v32.5368129c0 .9038006.353096 1.9584201 1.565167 1.9584201 1.212068 0 1.363719-1.3551363 1.363719-1.3551363v-9.239474h3.786725l.000848 7.3579585c.013087 2.5821014.10472 5.9480539-5.301813 5.9480539-5.604264 0-5.201371-4.7699955-5.201371-4.7699955l-.000475-31.3866454c-.017056-.171763-.453979-5.06700779 5.150919-5.06700779zm26.215101 3.66584829v37.0051649h-3.533221v-37.0051649zm-37.199548 25.1702202h-1.714552s-.530775.0720339-.917823.4558391c-.385924.3838082-.409681.9848389-.409681.9848389v8.5236357s.096195 1.56111 1.568559 1.56111c1.473497 0 1.473497-1.6095052 1.473497-1.6095052zm58.697648-25.2264959c-1.433886 0-1.511974 1.7344408-1.511974 1.7344408v21.9725922h3.100907v-22.1256642s-.155047-1.5813688-1.588933-1.5813688zm-23.264712-5.31700073c1.129455 0 2.045015.68657238 2.045015 1.53184407 0 .84639831-.91556 1.53184695-2.045015 1.53184695s-2.045012-.68544864-2.045012-1.53184695c0-.84527169.915557-1.53184407 2.045012-1.53184407z" fill="#211e1e" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path></g></svg>
</a>
<label for="url" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search the Wayback Machine</label>
<div class="search-field style-scope wayback-search">
<input type="text" name="url" id="url" placeholder="enter URL or keywords" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope wayback-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</wayback-search>
<div class="link-lists style-scope wayback-slider">
<div class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Mobile Apps</h4>
<ul class="mobile-apps style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(iOS)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Wayback Machine (iOS)</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.archive.waybackmachine&hl=en_US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(Android)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Wayback Machine (Android)</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Browser Extensions</h4>
<ul class="browser-extensions style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackChrome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Chrome</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackFirefox" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Firefox</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422?mt=12" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackSafari" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Safari</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackEdge" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Edge</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Archive-It Subscription</h4>
<ul class="archive-it style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/explore" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItExploreTheCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Explore the Collections</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/blog/learn-more/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItLearnMore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Learn More</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/contact-us" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItBuildCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Build Collections</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<save-page-form class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope save-page-form-1"><!---->
<form action="//web.archive.org/save" method="post" class="style-scope save-page-form" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|SavePageSubmit">
<h3 class="style-scope save-page-form">Save Page Now</h3>
<p class="style-scope save-page-form">Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</p>
<div class="style-scope save-page-form">
<input type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" class="style-scope save-page-form">
<input type="submit" value="Save" class="style-scope save-page-form">
</div>
<p class="error style-scope save-page-form">Please enter a valid web address</p>
</form>
</save-page-form>
</div>
</wayback-slider></media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="more" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<more-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope more-slider-1"><!---->
<ul class="style-scope more-slider">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreAbout"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->About</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://blog.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreBlog"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Blog</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/projects/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreProjects"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Projects</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/faqs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreHelp"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Help</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreDonate"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Donate</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/contact" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreContact"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Contact</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/jobs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreJobs"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Jobs</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/volunteer-positions" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreVolunteer"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Volunteer</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/bios" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMorePeople"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->People</a></li><!---->
</ul>
</more-slider></media-subnav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</media-slider>
</div>
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<signed-out-dropdown class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope signed-out-dropdown-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="nav-container style-scope signed-out-dropdown">
<nav class="initial style-scope signed-out-dropdown" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">
<ul class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$1006610606$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="https://archive.org/account/signup" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Signup">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->Sign up for free
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$1006610606$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="https://archive.org/account/login" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Login">
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->Log in
<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</signed-out-dropdown>
<search-menu class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope search-menu-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="menu-wrapper style-scope search-menu">
<div class="search-menu-inner tx-slide closed style-scope search-menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="" checked="">
Search <!--?lit$1006610606$-->metadata
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TXT">
Search <!--?lit$1006610606$-->text contents
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TV">
Search <!--?lit$1006610606$-->TV news captions
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="RADIO">
Search <!--?lit$1006610606$-->radio transcripts
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="WEB">
Search <!--?lit$1006610606$-->archived web sites
</label>
<!---->
<a class="advanced-search style-scope search-menu" href="https://archive.org/advancedsearch.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a>
</div>
</div>
</search-menu>
<desktop-subnav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope desktop-subnav-1"><!---->
<ul class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="about style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->About<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="blog style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://blog.archive.org"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Blog<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="projects style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/projects/"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Projects<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="help style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/faqs.php"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Help<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="donate style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Donate<!--?lit$1006610606$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope desktop-subnav" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="contact style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/contact"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Contact<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="jobs style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/jobs"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Jobs<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="volunteer style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/volunteer-positions"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->Volunteer<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="people style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/bios"><!--?lit$1006610606$-->People<!--?lit$1006610606$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!---->
</ul>
</desktop-subnav>
<div id="close-layer" class="style-scope ia-topnav"></div>
</ia-topnav>
</div>
<input class="js-tvsearch" type="hidden" value="{"ands":[],"minday":"06/04/2009","maxday":"12/16/2024"}">
<script>update_aoheader();</script>
<div style="display: block; float: right; width: 28px; margin-top: 4px;">
<a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href), '', 'height=400,width=600'); return false;" class="social_button" title="Share on Facebook"><span class="iconochive-facebook" style="color:#3b5998;font-size:160%;"></span></a>
<a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&via=internetarchive', '', 'height=400,width=600'); return false;" class="social_button" title="Share on Twitter"><span class="iconochive-twitter" style="color:#1dcaff;font-size:160%;"></span></a>
</div>
<script>
var config = {"api_url_anchor": "/__wb/search/anchor?q={{query}}", "api_url_calendar_captures": "/__wb/calendarcaptures?url={{url}}\u0026selected_year={{year}}", "api_url_host": "/__wb/search/host?q={{query}}", "api_url_metadata": "/__wb/search/metadata?q={{query}}", "api_url_sitemap": "/web/timemap/json?url={{url}}/\u0026fl=timestamp:4,original,urlkey\u0026matchType=prefix\u0026filter=statuscode:200\u0026filter=mimetype:text/html\u0026collapse=urlkey\u0026collapse=timestamp:4\u0026limit=100000", "api_url_sparkline": "/__wb/sparkline?output=json\u0026url={{url}}\u0026collection=web", "bundling": {"public_path": "/_static/waybackjs"}, "diff": {"calendarURL": "/__wb/calendarcaptures/2", "cdxServer": "/web/timemap", "diffgraphPrefix": "/web/diffgraph/", "limit": 3000, "maxSunburstLevelLength": "70", "snapshotsPrefix": "/web/", "sparklineURL": "/__wb/sparkline", "urlPrefix": "/web/diff/", "waybackDiscoverDiff": "https://gext-api.archive.org/services/simhash", "webMonitoringProcessingURL": "https://gext-api.archive.org/services/diff"}, "features": {"beta_promo": false, "changes_calendar": true, "landing": "carousel", "landing_layout_with_trend": false, "search": "v1"}, "num_of_explored_web_pages": "916 billion", "search_v2": {"search_collections": {"options": {"EndOfTerm2008WebCrawls": 13, "EndOfTerm2012WebCrawls": 8, "EndOfTerm2016WebCrawls": 26, "EndOfTerm2020WebCrawls": 33, "EndOfTerm2024PreElectionCrawls": 0, "FOIAonline.gov": 31, "HongKong": 6, "badoo.com": 32, "cmt.com": 34, "congress.gov": 16, "covid": 14, "dcist.com": 12, "exiledonline.com": 7, "gawker.com": 37, "gov": 11, "gov-pdf": 4, "hk.appledaily.com": 22, "hkcnews.com": 25, "independent-media-afghanistan": 5, "independent-media-belarus": 29, "independent-media-central-america": 9, "mediacloud": 20, "mtv.com": 21, "northkorea": 10, "pastebin.com": 19, "pdf": 24, "poetry.com": 23, "presentations": 27, "realdonaldtrump": 2, "russian-independent-media": 35, "scmp.com": 1, "telegram": 36, "themessenger.com": 17, "thestandnews.com": 28, "time.com": 18, "towcenter-pink-slime-news-sites": 30, "vice.com": 15, "zaman.com.tr": 3}}}, "url_playback": "/web/{{date}}/{{url}}", "url_playback_screenshot": "/web/", "url_save_page_now": "/save/{{query}}", "url_search_page": "/web/*/{{url}}*", "url_thumb": "https://web.archive.org/thumb/{{item}}?generate=1"};
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
var e = document.getElementById('react-wayback-search'),
c = e.getAttribute('component');
ReactDOM.render(React.createElement(window[c], { config: config }), e);
});
</script>
<div id="react-wayback-search" component="WaybackSearchComponent"><div class="search-toolbar"><div id="donation-link"><a href="//archive.org/donate/?origin=wbwww-HomeDonateButton" class="donation-button" data-event-click-tracking="Wayback|DonateButton"><span class="beta_button">DONATE</span></a></div><div class="search-toolbar-logo-container"><a href="/"><div class="search-toolbar-logo" alt="logo: Internet Archive's Wayback Machine"></div></a></div><div class="search-text-container"><div class="global-saved-web-pages-count">Explore more than 916 billion <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/">web pages</a> saved over time</div><form><div class="rbt" tabindex="-1" style="outline: none; position: relative;"><div style="display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 100%; position: relative;"><input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter a URL or words related to a site’s home page" type="text" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" role="combobox" class="rbt-input-main form-control rbt-input" value=""><input aria-hidden="true" class="rbt-input-hint" readonly="" tabindex="-1" value="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); left: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 100%;"></div></div><input type="submit" class="hidden-submit-btn" tabindex="-1"></form></div></div><div class="revolving-landing"><div class="caroufredsel_wrapper" style="text-align: start; float: none; position: relative; inset: auto; z-index: auto; width: 730.5px; height: 180px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="web_carousel" style="text-align: left; float: none; position: absolute; inset: 0px auto auto -62.0184px; margin: 0px; width: 10121.5px; height: 180px;"><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131015212820/https://www.deviantart.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_deviantart.com_20131015212820.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">deviantart.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 15, 2013 21:28:20</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20000229183439/http:/www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/coffee.html"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_cl.cam.ac.uk_20130109210545.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">cl.cam.ac.uk</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 29, 2000 18:34:39</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131020224056/https://www.foodnetwork.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_foodnetwork.com_20131020224056.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">foodnetwork.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 20, 2013 22:40:56</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961220154510/https://www.yahoo.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_yahoo.com_20110331050410.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">yahoo.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 20, 1996 15:45:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001152630/https://www.spiegel.de/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_spiegel.de_20131001152630.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">spiegel.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 15:26:30</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 4.5985px;"><a href="/web/20131021165347/https://www.imdb.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_imdb.com_20131021165347.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">imdb.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 16:53:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0.4818px;"><a href="/web/20131014212210/https://stackoverflow.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_stackoverflow.com_20131014212210.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">stackoverflow.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 14, 2013 21:22:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961227203847/https://ubl.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_ubl.com_19961227203847.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">ubl.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 27, 1996 20:38:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001231045/https://www.bloomberg.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_bloomberg.com_20131001231045.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">bloomberg.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 23:10:45</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131018071258/https://www.reference.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjsscreenshots/wm_reference.com_20131018071258.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">reference.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 18, 2013 07:12:58</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961223105317/https://www.feedmag.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_feedmag.com_19961223105317.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">feedmag.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 23, 1996 10:53:17</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021205646/https://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_wikihow.com_20131021205646.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">wikihow.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 20:56:46</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 5px;"><a href="/web/20131021172452/https://www.nbcnews.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nbcnews.com_20131021172452.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nbcnews.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:24:52</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021004242/https://www.goodreads.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_goodreads.com_20131021004242.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">goodreads.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 00:42:42</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20041109042806/https://www2.obamaforillinois.com/splash.php"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_obamaforillinois.com_20041109042806.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">obamaforillinois.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Nov 09, 2004 04:28:06</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19970222174751/https://www1.geocities.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_geocities.com_19970222174751.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">geocities.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 22, 1997 17:47:51</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20050204004733/https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/subst/home/home.html"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_amazon.com_20050204004733.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">amazon.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 04, 2005 00:47:33</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001014236/https://www.nytimes.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nytimes.com_20131001014236.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nytimes.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 01:42:36</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001001332/https://www.bbc.co.uk/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_bbc.co.uk_20131001001332.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">bbc.co.uk</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 00:13:32</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021171112/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_huffingtonpost.com_20131021171112.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">huffingtonpost.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:11:12</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001031539/https://www.reddit.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_reddit.com_20131001031539.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">reddit.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 03:15:39</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021020703/https://www.cnet.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_cnet.com_20131021020703.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">cnet.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 02:07:03</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961227062541/https://www3.whitehouse.gov/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_whitehouse.gov_19961227062541.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">whitehouse.gov</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 27, 1996 06:25:41</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001050131/https://www.aol.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_aol.com_20131001050131.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">aol.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 05:01:31</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131019024453/https://www.yelp.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_yelp.com_20131019024453.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">yelp.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 19, 2013 02:44:53</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20130601013852/https://www.etsy.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_etsy.com_20130601013852.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">etsy.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Jun 01, 2013 01:38:52</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001010827/https://www.foxnews.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_foxnews.com_20131001010827.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">foxnews.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 01:08:27</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19970108065337/https://www.well.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_well.com_19970108065337.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">well.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Jan 08, 1997 06:53:37</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131019005510/https://www.w3schools.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_w3schools.com_20131019005510.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">w3schools.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 19, 2013 00:55:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021173221/https://www.buzzfeed.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_buzzfeed.com_20131021173221.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">buzzfeed.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:32:21</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961231235847/https://www.nasa.gov/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nasa.gov_19961231235847.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nasa.gov</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 31, 1996 23:58:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021021614/https://mashable.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_mashable.com_20131021021614.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">mashable.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 02:16:14</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021073925/https://www.nfl.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nfl.com_20131021073925.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nfl.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 07:39:25</div></div></a></div><div class="clearfix" style="margin-right: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="features-columns"><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADcAAAA3CAYAAACo29JGAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAx5JREFUeNrsWstR8zAQthnumA7CkRPuAKcC4gpIKiBUkN8VQCpIqCBJBTEVYE5wI1SAOwirzHpGo18Sq1dsGO+MJplYj/0k7bePON7v99FflZPoD0sPrgfXQTlVPYjj2Nsi2fYtgY9U/L0cXpY+wYjkGKvY0jO4L/hIJI8eAeB9KHDBryUAyxTAItlp9jb3S8AlrRAKgSDG0K6gzcFuKk33G82zFOZKdePhOVvnGtoG+q1N9DQmFAS25eylhjYUFWRKw8cdboJO2PgC2hLmqIU5FsL4CfRZBmFLCTBeQcZ6bGdH0G5Zd4tLwRSf43wzxcYoAbqC21oq7Vty2RV1dQVdABbhzfDOlmVHwG1CgMuhVS0DW+pIxQdbvkAbtARsEiz8Qrp+aunUiuBOHOTMsP8O7fWT++0K3UawiMYYHBedUOTg/1Q2gnMxfzYlzseCgknICIUBWxDmrjByqYmZw4p4MueqOX2kPHc+gXFJa05cn3przMDBDk+JOdiECkwASCGMGcat9tdyWL6naA/NVRkQ6X8NiuY2LIU2+EXsXqFNH76zjF7EoiOUmQWbRS5ugp02AFwT1+VPL4NxGzGCOgmQSLpGMK+dzcRh93eOU+w6C86DDDoLDn2Wi5wdA9zccs4bR51sSKyWXWdthAKnwNN/EyqlhIUuTP2cYfTzyOd0TeXaRw3lg8Ck2tTEMZVSzu0UfuFpUBLFMZ6CCbAtkUzmIQmFOvmCleZQcR2wNJJX1KT7+0ON1C0rQIVMqmDNaW8a20DAGZLP2GBjjeqWtsnqswG4BPO1KYByZXejirOtn7tuycGPgoLDEnfWErgHarpjk889GNqIbzmwKhWg6clNo/YlIVYDjMHtom7IZwhwOZf9/ueDsExQOijduI1Cs5EVhl/+/RzndBNVSIQxafPfXEK8EQWWKGohakkFYENq9cvWibMFVxguKd9I0Pyfx0sB4/9pxq+QndmNyHUB+dFf1QAFR6ig9MRA2Qtfhnj0VzU0NhqcoPpXNQIWfOqQC5+GRsaqYWB3jElvJcCKkGvH/ZuyPbgeXA/Ol3wLMACPE2kMpvnG0QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" width="48" height="48">Tools</div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://archive.org/help/wayback_api.php">Wayback Machine Availability API</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak?hl=en-US">Chrome Extension</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/">Firefox Add-on</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422">Safari Extension</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US">MS Edge Add-on</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313">iOS app</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.internetarchive.waybackmachine">Android app</a></div></div></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="48" height="48">Subscription Service</div>Archive-It enables you to capture, manage and search collections of digital content without any technical expertise or hosting facilities.<a href="https://www.archive-it.org/">Visit Archive-It to build and browse the collections.</a></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><span class="iconochive-search homepage-collection-search-icon"></span><span class="homepage-collection-search-title">Collection Search</span></div><div><form method="POST"><input type="text" placeholder="Enter any keyword" class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text"><select class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text"><option value="gov-pdf">.gov PDFs</option><option value="gov">.gov web pages</option><option value="covid">COVID</option><option value="realdonaldtrump">Donald Trump's Tweets</option><option value="EndOfTerm2008WebCrawls">End Of Term (US Gov) 2008</option><option value="EndOfTerm2012WebCrawls">End Of Term (US Gov) 2012</option><option value="EndOfTerm2016WebCrawls">End Of Term (US Gov) 2016</option><option value="EndOfTerm2020WebCrawls">End Of Term (US Gov) 2020</option><option value="EndOfTerm2024PreElectionCrawls">End Of Term (US Gov) 2024</option><option value="FOIAonline.gov">FOIAonline.gov PDFs</option><option value="HongKong">Hong Kong news organizations that have been shut down</option><option value="independent-media-afghanistan">Independent Media Afghanistan</option><option value="independent-media-belarus">Independent Media Belarus</option><option value="independent-media-central-america">Independent Media Central America</option><option value="towcenter-pink-slime-news-sites">Local Partisan News, AKA "Pink Slime"</option><option value="mediacloud">Media Cloud</option><option value="northkorea">North Korea</option><option value="pdf">PDFs</option><option value="presentations">Presentations</option><option value="russian-independent-media">Russian Independent Media Archive</option><option value="scmp.com">South China Morning Post (scmp.com)</option><option value="telegram">Telegram</option><option value="badoo.com">badoo.com</option><option value="cmt.com">cmt.com</option><option value="congress.gov">congress.gov</option><option value="dcist.com">dcist.com</option><option value="exiledonline.com">exiledonline.com</option><option value="gawker.com">gawker.com</option><option value="hk.appledaily.com">hk.appledaily.com</option><option value="hkcnews.com">hkcnews.com</option><option value="mtv.com">mtv.com/news</option><option value="pastebin.com">pastebin.com</option><option value="poetry.com">poetry.com</option><option value="themessenger.com">themessenger.com</option><option value="thestandnews.com">thestandnews.com</option><option value="time.com">time.com</option><option value="vice.com">vice.com</option><option value="zaman.com.tr">zaman.com.tr</option></select><br><button class="web-save-button web_button web_text">SEARCH</button></form></div><div>This service is based on indexes of specific data from <a href="/collection-search">selected Collections</a>.</div></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="48" height="48"><span id="web_save_date_div">Save Page Now</span></div><div id="web_save_div" class="feature-content"><form class="web-save-form" name="wwmform_save" method="POST" action="/save"><input class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text" type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://"><button class="web-save-button web_button web_text">SAVE PAGE</button></form><div>Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wbs__web_footer"><a class="footer-item" href="https://help.archive.org/help/category/the-wayback-machine/">FAQ</a> | <a class="footer-item" href="https://archive.org/about/contact.php">Contact Us</a> | <a class="footer-item" href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service (Dec 31, 2014)</a></div></div>
<noscript>
<div class="no-script-message">
The Wayback Machine requires your browser to support JavaScript, please email <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br/>if you have any questions about this.
</div>
</noscript>
<footer>
<div id="footerHome">
<p>
The Wayback Machine is an initiative of the
<a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>,
a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of
Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.
<br>Other <a href="//archive.org/projects/">projects</a> include
<a href="https://openlibrary.org/">Open Library</a> &
<a href="https://archive-it.org">archive-it.org</a>.
</p>
<p>
Your use of the Wayback Machine is subject to the Internet Archive's
<a href="//archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Use</a>.
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</body></html>