https://physics.info/

扫描 ID：: 32a258dc-f4e7-4e12-839e-9f5e4130029e已完成
提交的 URL：: https://physics.info/
报告完成时间：: 2024年12月16日 04:51:42
链接 · 找到 11 个

从页面中识别出的传出链接
链接	文本
https://hypertextbook.com/chaos/	chaos
https://hypertextbook.com/eworld/	eworld
https://hypertextbook.com/facts/	facts
https://hypertextbook.com/bent/	get bent
https://glennelert.us	©1998–2024 Glenn ElertAuthor, Illustrator, Webmaster
https://www.behance.net/elert	Behance
https://www.instagram.com/elert	Instagram
https://www.twitter.com/glennelert	Twitter
https://www.youtube.com/GlennElert	YouTube
https://hypertextbook.com	hypertextbook.com
JavaScript 变量 · 找到 35 个

在页面窗口对象上加载的全局 JavaScript 变量是在函数外部声明的变量，可以从当前范围内的代码中的任何位置访问
名称	类型
0	object
onbeforetoggle	object
documentPictureInPicture	object
onscrollend	object
$	function
jQuery	function
__tcfapi	function
__uspapi	function
gtag	function
dataLayer	object
控制台日志消息 · 找到 3 条

记录到 Web 控制台的消息
类型	类别	记录
log	other	URL https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/53/cmp2.js?referer=physics.info 文本 uspData default usp value based on gpc signal
warning	other	URL https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/53/cmp2.js?referer=physics.info 文本 globalPrivacyControl is not available in the browser. Setting usp string as 1N--
warning	other	URL https://cmp.inmobi.com/tcfv2/53/cmp2.js?referer=physics.info 文本 Google basic consent is not applicable.
HTML

页面的原始 HTML 正文
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"><head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>The Physics Hypertextbook</title>
  <link rel="canonical" href="https://physics.info">


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  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://omniscientwalnut.com/walpaper.css" media="print">
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  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">

  <!-- ORDINARY PHYSICS PAGES -->

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  <!-- Я твой слуга. Я твой работник. -->

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  <meta name="author" content="Glenn Elert">

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  <!-- Google Scholar -->
  <meta name="citation_author" content="Glenn Elert">
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  <meta name="citation_date" content="2023">
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<a href="#mechanics">mechanics</a>,
<a href="#thermal">thermal&nbsp;physics</a>,
<a href="#waves">waves&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;optics</a>,
<a href="#electricity">electricity&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;magentism</a>,
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  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:avoid; break-before:avoid;" id="mechanics">Mechanics
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      <li>Kinematics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/motion/" target="_top">Motion</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/displacement/" target="_top">Distance and Displacement</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/velocity/" target="_top">Speed and Velocity</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/acceleration/" target="_top">Acceleration</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/motion-equations/" target="_top">Equations of Motion</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/falling/" target="_top">Free Fall</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/motion-graphs/" target="_top">Graphs of Motion</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/" target="_top">Kinematics and&nbsp;Calculus</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/kinematics-2d/" target="_top">Kinematics in Two&nbsp;Dimensions</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/projectiles/" target="_top">Projectiles</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/parametric/" target="_top">Parametric Equations</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Dynamics I: Force
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/newton-first/" target="_top">Forces</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/newton-second/" target="_top">Force and Mass</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/newton-third/" target="_top">Action-Reaction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/weight/" target="_top">Weight</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/dynamics/" target="_top">Dynamics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/statics/" target="_top">Statics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/friction/" target="_top">Friction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/force-2d/" target="_top">Forces in Two&nbsp;Dimensions</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/centripetal/" target="_top">Centripetal Force</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/frames/" target="_top">Frames of Reference</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Energy
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/work/" target="_top">Work</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/energy/" target="_top">Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/energy-kinetic/" target="_top">Kinetic Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/energy-potential/" target="_top">Potential Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/energy-conservation/" target="_top">Conservation of Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/power/" target="_top">Power</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/machines/" target="_top">Simple Machines</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Dynamics II: Momentum
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/momentum/" target="_top">Impulse and Momentum</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/momentum-conservation/" target="_top">Conservation of Momentum</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/momentum-energy/" target="_top">Momentum and Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/momentum-2d/" target="_top">Momentum in Two&nbsp;Dimensions</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Rotational Motion
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-kinematics/" target="_top">Rotational Kinematics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-inertia/" target="_top">Rotational Inertia</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-dynamics/" target="_top">Rotational Dynamics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-statics/" target="_top">Rotational Statics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-momentum/" target="_top">Angular Momentum</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-energy/" target="_top">Rotational Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rolling/" target="_top">Rolling</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/rotational-2d/" target="_top">Rotation in Two&nbsp;Dimensions</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/coriolis/" target="_top">Coriolis Force</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Planetary Motion
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/geocentrism/" target="_top">Geocentrism</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/heliocentrism/" target="_top">Heliocentrism</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/gravitation/" target="_top">Universal Gravitation</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/orbital-mechanics-1/" target="_top">Orbital Mechanics I</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/gravitation-energy/" target="_top">Gravitational Potential Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/orbital-mechanics-2/" target="_top">Orbital Mechanics II</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/gravitation-extended/" target="_top">Gravity of Extended&nbsp;Bodies</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Periodic Motion
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/springs/" target="_top">Springs</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/sho/" target="_top">Simple Harmonic Oscillator</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/pendulum/" target="_top">Pendulums</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/resonance/" target="_top">Resonance</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/elasticity/" target="_top">Elasticity</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Fluids
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/density/" target="_top">Density</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/pressure/" target="_top">Pressure</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/buoyancy/" target="_top">Buoyancy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/flow/" target="_top">Fluid Flow</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/viscosity/" target="_top">Viscosity</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/drag/" target="_top">Aerodynamic Drag</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/turbulence/" target="_top">Flow Regimes</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:always; break-before:column;" id="thermal">Thermal Physics
    <ol>
      <li>Heat &amp; Temperature
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/temperature/" target="_top">Temperature</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/expansion/" target="_top">Thermal Expansion</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/atoms/" target="_top">The Atomic Nature of Matter</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/gas-laws/" target="_top">Gas Laws</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/kmt/" target="_top">Kinetic-Molecular Theory</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/phases/" target="_top">Phases</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Calorimetry
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/heat-sensible/" target="_top">Sensible Heat</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/heat-latent/" target="_top">Latent Heat</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/energy-chemical/" target="_top">Chemical Potential Energy</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Heat Transfer
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/conduction/" target="_top">Conduction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/convection/" target="_top">Convection</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/radiation/" target="_top">Radiation</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Thermodynamics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/thermo-first/" target="_top">Heat and Work</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/pressure-volume/" target="_top">Pressure-Volume Diagrams</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/engines/" target="_top">Engines</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/refrigerators/" target="_top">Refrigerators</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/thermo-second/" target="_top">Energy and Entropy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/thermo-third/" target="_top">Absolute Zero</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:avoid; break-before:avoid;" id="waves">Waves &amp; Optics
    <ol>
      <li>Wave Phenomena
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/waves/" target="_top">The Nature of Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/waves-periodic/" target="_top">Periodic Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/interference/" target="_top">Interference and Superposition</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/interface/" target="_top">Interfaces and Barriers</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Sound
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/sound/" target="_top">The Nature of Sound</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/intensity/" target="_top">Intensity</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/doppler-sound/" target="_top">Doppler&nbsp;Effect (Sound)</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/shock/" target="_top">Shock Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/interference-sound/" target="_top">Diffraction and Interference (Sound)</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/waves-standing/" target="_top">Standing Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/beats/" target="_top">Beats</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/music/" target="_top">Music and Noise</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Physical Optics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/light/" target="_top">The Nature of Light</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/polarization/" target="_top">Polarization</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/doppler-light/" target="_top">Doppler&nbsp;Effect (Light)</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/cerenkov/" target="_top">Cerenkov Radiation</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/interference-light/" target="_top">Diffraction and Interference (Light)</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/thin-films/" target="_top">Thin Film Interference</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/color/" target="_top">Color</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Geometric Optics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/reflection/" target="_top">Reflection</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/refraction/" target="_top">Refraction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/mirrors/" target="_top">Spherical Mirrors</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/lenses/" target="_top">Spherical Lenses</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/aberration/" target="_top">Aberration</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:always; break-before:column;" id="electricity">Electricity &amp; Magnetism
    <ol>
      <li>Electrostatics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/charge/" target="_top">Electric Charge</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/coulomb/" target="_top">Coulomb's Law</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electric-field/" target="_top">Electric Field</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electric-potential/" target="_top">Electric Potential</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/law-gauss/" target="_top">Gauss's Law</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/conductors/" target="_top">Conductors</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Electrostatic Applications
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/capacitors/" target="_top">Capacitors</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/dielectrics/" target="_top">Dielectrics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/batteries/" target="_top">Batteries</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Electric Current
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electric-current/" target="_top">Electric Current</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electric-resistance/" target="_top">Electric Resistance</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electric-power/" target="_top">Electric Power</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>DC Circuits
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-r/" target="_top">Resistors in Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-v/" target="_top">Batteries in Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-c/" target="_top">Capacitors in Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/kirchhoff/" target="_top">Kirchhoff's Rules</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Magnetostatics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/magnetism/" target="_top">Magnetism</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/electromagnetism/" target="_top">Electromagnetism</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/law-ampere/" target="_top">Ampère's Law</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/lorentz/" target="_top">Electromagnetic Force</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Magnetodynamics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/induction/" target="_top">Electromagnetic Induction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/law-faraday/" target="_top">Faraday's Law</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/lenz/" target="_top">Lenz' Law</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/inductance/" target="_top">Inductance</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>AC Circuits
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-rc/" target="_top">RC Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-rl/" target="_top">RL Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/circuits-rlc/" target="_top">LC Circuits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/current-alternating/" target="_top">Alternating Current</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/impedance/" target="_top">Impedance</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Electromagnetic Waves
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/maxwell/" target="_top">Maxwell's Equations</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/em-waves/" target="_top">Electromagnetic Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/em-spectrum/" target="_top">Electromagnetic Spectrum</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:always; break-before:column;" id="modern">Modern Physics
    <ol>
      <li>Relativity
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/space-time/" target="_top">Space-Time</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/mass-energy/" target="_top">Mass-Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/general-relativity/" target="_top">General Relativity</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Quanta
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/planck/" target="_top">Blackbody Radiation</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/photoelectric/" target="_top">Photoelectric Effect</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/x-ray/" target="_top">X-rays</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/antimatter/" target="_top">Antimatter</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Wave Mechanics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/debroglie/" target="_top">Matter Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/atomic-models/" target="_top">Atomic Models</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/semiconductors/" target="_top">Semiconductors</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/condensed-matter/" target="_top">Condensed Matter</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Nuclear Physics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/isotopes/" target="_top">Isotopes</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/decay/" target="_top">Radioactive Decay</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/half-life/" target="_top">Half Life</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/binding/" target="_top">Binding Energy</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/fission/" target="_top">Fission</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/fusion/" target="_top">Fusion</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/nucleosynthesis/" target="_top">Nucleosynthesis</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/weapons/" target="_top">Nuclear Weapons</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/radiobiology/" target="_top">Radiobiology</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Particle Physics
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/standard/" target="_top">The Standard Model</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/qed/" target="_top">Quantum Electrodynamics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/qcd/" target="_top">Quantum Chromodynamics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/qfd/" target="_top">Quantum Flavordynamics</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/beyond/" target="_top">Beyond the Standard&nbsp;Model</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:avoid; break-before:avoid;" id="foundations">Foundations
    <ol>
      <li>Units
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/system-international/" target="_top">International&nbsp;System of&nbsp;Units</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/system-gaussian/" target="_top">Gaussian&nbsp;System of&nbsp;Units</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/system-english/" target="_top">British-American System of&nbsp;Units</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/system-miscellaneous/" target="_top">Miscellaneous Units</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/time/" target="_top">Time</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/unit-conversion/" target="_top">Unit Conversion</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Measurement
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/significant-digits/" target="_top">Significant Digits</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/orders-magnitude/" target="_top">Order of Magnitude</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Graphs
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/graphs/" target="_top">Graphical Representation of Data</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/linear-regression/" target="_top">Linear Regression</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/curve-fitting/" target="_top">Curve Fitting</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/calculus/" target="_top">Calculus</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Vectors
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/trigonometry/" target="_top">Trigonometry</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/vector-addition/" target="_top">Vector Addition and Subtraction</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/vector-components/" target="_top">Vector Resolution and Components</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/vector-multiplication/" target="_top">Vector Multiplication</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Reference
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/symbols/" target="_top">Special Symbols</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/equations/" target="_top">Frequently Used Equations</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/constants/" target="_top">Physical Constants</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/astronomical/" target="_top">Astronomical Data</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/periodic-table/" target="_top">Periodic Table of the Elements</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/people/" target="_top">People in Physics</a></li>
        </ol></li>
    </ol></li>
  <li style="-webkit-column-break-before:avoid; break-before:avoid;" id="back">Back matter
    <ol>
      <li>Preface
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://physics.info/about/" target="_top">About this book</a></li>
        </ol></li>
      <li>Contact the author
        <ol>
          <li><a href="https://glennelert.us" rel="me" target="_blank">glennelert.us</a></li>
          <li><a href="https://www.behance.net/elert" rel="me" target="_blank">Behance</a></li>
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      <li>Affiliated websites
        <ol>
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          <li><a href="http://midwoodscience.org" rel="me" title="Midwood High School Science Research Program" target="_blank">midwoodscience.org</a></li>
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