https://yle.fi/a/7-10069528

扫描 ID：: e9971298-bc34-4f43-82cd-cc7c5011f938已完成
提交的 URL：: https://yle.fi/a/7-10069528
报告完成时间：: 2024年12月22日 01:30:02
链接 · 找到 28 个

从页面中识别出的传出链接
链接	文本
https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/solens-upp-och-nedgang/sommarsolstand-och-vintersolstand-1.4180	vintersolståndet
https://app.binogi.se/l/jorden-snurriga-aarstider	jordens rotationsaxel
https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/v%C3%A4ndkrets	vändkretsarna
https://www.scandinavianarchaeology.com/from-jol-to-yule/	jól (eller jólablot)
https://stockholmsskrivbyra.se/varfor-heter-det-jul/	forngermanskans jehwla
https://visitaland.com/upplev/kultur-historia/tomten-rotter-fran-aland/	Coca-cola-tomten
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_H%C3%A5rfager	Harald Hårfager
https://varldenshistoria.se/civilisationer/vikingar/vikingarna-drack-in-julen	Torbjörn Hornklöves
https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%c3%a5ng/puritanism	protestantiska puritanerna
https://www.apuritansmind.com/historical-theology/advanced-historical-theology-irenaeus-tertullian-and-the-school-of-alexandria-%E2%80%93-clement-and-origin/	Origenes,Tertullianus ochIrenæus av Lyon
JavaScript 变量 · 找到 27 个

在页面窗口对象上加载的全局 JavaScript 变量是在函数外部声明的变量，可以从当前范围内的代码中的任何位置访问
名称	类型
0	object
onbeforetoggle	object
documentPictureInPicture	object
onscrollend	object
__INITIAL__STATE__	object
webpackChunkukko	object
yleTagManager	object
elasticApm	object
yleConsentSdk	object
yleTunnus	function
控制台日志消息 · 找到 4 条

记录到 Web 控制台的消息
类型	类别	记录
warning	other	URL https://yle.fi/ukko/assets/js/lib/elastic-apm-rum-5-16-1.umd.min.js 文本 [Elastic APM] RUM agent is inactive
error	network	URL https://login.api.yle.fi/v1/user/login?app_id=tunnus_sdk_v5_prod&app_key=d40230fe459f0285121b35dd5c3b4332 文本 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 401 ()
error	network	URL https://login.api.yle.fi/v1/user/login?app_id=yle-consent-sdk&app_key=9diylCAglIhpRSyHeTSCZc74udkYyOep 文本 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 401 ()
error	network	URL https://login.api.yle.fi/v1/user/login?app_id=player_static_prod&app_key=8930d72170e48303cf5f3867780d549b 文本 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 401 ()
HTML

页面的原始 HTML 正文
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		████████████████████████████████████████████████████████
		█▄─█─▄█▄─▄███▄─▄▄─█▄─▄█─▄▄▄▄█▄─▄▄▀██▀▄─██▄─▄▄▀█▄─▄█─▄▄─█
		██▄─▄███─██▀██─▄█▀██─██▄▄▄▄─██─▄─▄██─▀─███─██─██─██─██─█
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		                                             🆈🅻🅴.🅳🅴🆅
		                                               1.1.15694
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    .yds-theme-dark .ycd-consent-selector__checkbox:checked:disabled {
        background-color: var(--yds-color-background-control-disabled);
        background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width%3D%229%22 height%3D%226%22 viewBox%3D%220 0 12 9%22 fill%3D%22none%22 xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E    %3Cpath fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22 clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22          d%3D%22M11.8047 0.52859C12.0651 0.78894 12.0651 1.21105 11.8047 1.4714L4.4714 8.80473C4.21106 9.06508 3.78894 9.06508 3.5286 8.80473L0.195262 5.4714C-0.0650874 5.21105 -0.0650874 4.78894 0.195262 4.52859C0.455612 4.26824 0.877722 4.26824 1.13807 4.52859L4 7.39052L10.8619 0.52859C11.1223 0.268241 11.5444 0.268241 11.8047 0.52859Z%22          fill%3D%22%23777%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");
        border: 1px solid transparent;
    }
}

.ycd-consent-selector--disabled .ycd-consent-selector__checkbox {
    color: var(--yds-color-text-disabled);
}

.ycd-consent-selector__checkbox:not(:disabled) {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.ycd-consent-selector__expand-button,
.ycd-consent-selector__collapse-button {
    align-items: center;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 100px;
    border-style: none;
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    display: flex;
    height: 32px;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: auto;
    min-height: 32px;
    min-width: 32px;
    outline: none;
    padding: 0;
    width: 32px;
}

/* Fix to older iOS Safari sticky hover bug */
@media (hover: hover) {
    .ycd-consent-selector__expand-button:hover,
    .ycd-consent-selector__collapse-button:hover {
        background-color: var(--yds-color-action-secondary-variant);
        cursor: pointer;
    }
}

.ycd-consent-selector__expand-button:focus,
.ycd-consent-selector__collapse-button:focus {
    border-color: var(--yds-color-border);
    border-style: double;
    border-width: 6px;
}

.ycd-consent-selector__expand-button > .ycd-icon {
    margin-top: 1px;
}

.ycd-consent-selector__description {
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    display: none;
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: normal;
    height: 0;
    margin: 0 0 0 0;
    padding: 0 32px 0 40px;
}

.ycd-consent-selector--expanded .ycd-consent-selector__description {
    display: block;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 589px) {
    .ycd-consent-selector {
        margin-bottom: 13px;
    }

    .ycd-consent-selector__label > label {
        font-size: 0.875em;
        line-height: 1.25;
    }

    .ycd-consent-selector__description {
        font-size: 0.875em;
    }
}
</style><style type="text/css">.ycd-consents {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex-grow: 2;
    justify-content: space-evenly;
    margin-top: 24px;
}
</style><style type="text/css">.ycd-language-selector {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
}

#ycd-language-selector__menu-button {
    align-items: center;
    background: transparent;
    border: 6px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 100px;
    box-sizing: content-box;
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.75em;
    font-weight: bold;
    padding: 4px 14px;
}

#ycd-language-selector__menu-button > span {
    margin: 0 8px;
}

#ycd-language-selector__menu-button:hover {
    background: var(--yds-color-action-secondary-variant);
}

#ycd-language-selector__menu-button:focus {
    border: 6px double var(--yds-color-border);
    outline: none;
}

#ycd-language-selector__menu-button.opened {
    box-shadow: unset;
    outline: unset;
}

#ycd-language-selector__languages-list {
    background-color: var(--yds-color-background);
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    cursor: pointer;
    left: calc(50% - 5.5em); /* Force centering relative to button on IE11 */
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 8px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 68px;
    width: 11em;
    z-index: 999;
}

.ycd-language-selector__language-option-row {
    display: flex;
}

.ycd-language-selector__language-option {
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    outline: none;
    padding: 8px 32px;
    width: 100%;
}

.ycd-language-selector__language-option:focus {
    border: 2px solid var(--yds-color-border);
}

.yds-theme-light .ycd-language-selector__language-option:hover {
    background-color: var(--yds-color-black-opacity-20);
}

.yds-theme-dark .ycd-language-selector__language-option:hover {
    background-color: var(--yds-color-background-variant);
}

.ycd-language-selector__language-option--selected {
    background-position: top 50% left 6%;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 1em, 0.8em;
}

.yds-theme-light .ycd-language-selector__language-option--selected {
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width%3D%229%22 height%3D%226%22 viewBox%3D%220 0 12 9%22 fill%3D%22none%22 xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E    %3Cpath fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22 clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22          d%3D%22M11.8047 0.52859C12.0651 0.78894 12.0651 1.21105 11.8047 1.4714L4.4714 8.80473C4.21106 9.06508 3.78894 9.06508 3.5286 8.80473L0.195262 5.4714C-0.0650874 5.21105 -0.0650874 4.78894 0.195262 4.52859C0.455612 4.26824 0.877722 4.26824 1.13807 4.52859L4 7.39052L10.8619 0.52859C11.1223 0.268241 11.5444 0.268241 11.8047 0.52859Z%22          fill%3D%22%2329CCDE%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");
}

.yds-theme-dark .ycd-language-selector__language-option--selected {
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width%3D%229%22 height%3D%226%22 viewBox%3D%220 0 12 9%22 fill%3D%22none%22 xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E    %3Cpath fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22 clip-rule%3D%22evenodd%22          d%3D%22M11.8047 0.52859C12.0651 0.78894 12.0651 1.21105 11.8047 1.4714L4.4714 8.80473C4.21106 9.06508 3.78894 9.06508 3.5286 8.80473L0.195262 5.4714C-0.0650874 5.21105 -0.0650874 4.78894 0.195262 4.52859C0.455612 4.26824 0.877722 4.26824 1.13807 4.52859L4 7.39052L10.8619 0.52859C11.1223 0.268241 11.5444 0.268241 11.8047 0.52859Z%22          fill%3D%22%23009CB5%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");
}
</style><style type="text/css">@font-face {
    /* font-family is Consent SDK specific to avoid conflicts with services that use it. */
    font-display: swap;
    font-family: 'YCD Yle';
    font-weight: 400 700;
    src:
        url('https://design-system.cdn.yle.fi/Yle-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'),
        url('https://design-system.cdn.yle.fi/Yle-Bold.woff') format('woff');
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.ycd-background {
    align-items: center;
    background-color: var(--yds-color-background-dialog-overlay);
    display: flex;
    font-family: var(--yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-family), sans-serif;
    font-size: var(--yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-size);
    font-style: var(--yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-style);
    height: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    left: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 10000;
}

.ycd-content {
    padding: 24px 32px 0;
}

.ycd-background .ycd-content {
    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;
    overflow: auto;
}

.ycd-background.yds-theme-light .ycd-content {
    background:
        /* Shadow Cover TOP */
        linear-gradient(white 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)) center top,
        /* Shadow Cover BOTTOM */
            linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), white 70%) center bottom,
        /* Shadow TOP */
            radial-gradient(
                farthest-side at 50% 0,
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
            )
            center top,
        /* Shadow BOTTOM */
            radial-gradient(
                farthest-side at 50% 100%,
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
            )
            center bottom;
    background-attachment: local, local, scroll, scroll;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size:
        100% 40px,
        100% 40px,
        100% 14px,
        100% 14px;
}

.ycd-background.yds-theme-dark .ycd-content {
    background:
        /* Shadow Cover TOP */
        linear-gradient(rgba(31, 33, 35, 0.3), rgba(31, 33, 35, 0)) center top,
        /* Shadow Cover BOTTOM */
            linear-gradient(rgba(31, 33, 35, 0), rgba(31, 33, 35, 0.89)) center
            bottom,
        /* Shadow TOP */
            radial-gradient(
                farthest-side at 50% 0,
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
            )
            center top,
        /* Shadow BOTTOM */
            radial-gradient(
                farthest-side at 50% 100%,
                rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2),
                rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
            )
            center bottom;
    background-attachment: local, local, scroll, scroll;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size:
        100% 40px,
        100% 40px,
        100% 14px,
        100% 14px;
}

.ycd-banner {
    background-color: var(--yds-color-background);
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    max-height: 95%;
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow: auto;
    /* position relative is for #ycd-language-selector__languages-list. It has to be positioned relative to the banner,
       otherwise the language list will be cut short by the buttons container. */
    position: relative;
    width: 560px;
}

.yds-theme-dark .ycd-banner {
    background-color: var(--yds-color-background-dialog);
    box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}

.ycd-banner p {
    /* IE11 support */
    line-height: 150%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.ycd-banner__back-to-start {
    align-items: center;
    background-color: transparent;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 100px;
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    height: 32px;
    justify-content: center;
    outline: none;
    padding: 0 2px 0 0;
    width: 32px;
}

/* Fix to older iOS Safari sticky hover bug */
@media (hover: hover) {
    .ycd-banner__back-to-start:hover {
        background-color: var(--yds-color-action-secondary-variant);
    }
}

.ycd-banner__back-to-start:focus {
    border-color: var(--yds-color-border);
    border-style: double;
    border-width: 6px;
}

.ycd-banner__info-header {
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    font-family: 'YCD Yle', 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5em;
    line-height: 130%;
    margin: 0;
    text-align: left;
    width: 100%;
}

.ycd-banner__info-header:focus {
    border: 2px solid var(--yds-color-border);
}

.ycd-banner__info-header-container.customizing {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    width: 100%;
}

.ycd-banner__info-header.customizing {
    flex: 1;
    font-size: 1.25em;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.ycd-banner__info-header-container.customizing::after {
    content: ' ';
    visibility: hidden;
    width: 32px;
}

.ycd-banner__info-body {
    color: var(--yds-color-text-default);
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin: 16px 0 0 0;
    text-align: left;
}

.ycd-banner__info-body svg {
    left: 4px;
    position: relative;
    top: 3px;
}

.ycd-banner__info-settings {
    font-weight: 700;
}

.ycd-banner__read-more-link {
    color: inherit;
    font-weight: 400;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.ycd-banner__read-more-link:focus {
    color: var(--yds-color-feedback-highlight);
    outline: none;
}

.ycd-banner__info {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex-grow: 1;
    text-align: center;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 589px) {
    .ycd-background {
        align-items: flex-end;
    }

    .ycd-banner {
        border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;
        margin: 0;
        max-height: 95%;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .ycd-content {
        padding: 24px 24px 0;
    }

    .ycd-banner__info-body {
        font-size: 0.875em;
    }

    .ycd-banner__info-header {
        font-size: 1.25em;
    }
}
</style><style type="text/css">/*
 * !!! This is a temporary hard-coded version of YDS tokens. I've kept only the tokens that are referenced from our styles.
 * This is a workaround for the problematic usage of the :root selector for custom properties assignment in the original NPM package content.
 * FIXME: delete this once we use components from @yleisradio/yds-core
 *
 * (yds-core v1.1.7)
 */

.consent-sdk-wrapper {
    --yds-color-black-opacity-20: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09);
    --yds-color-background: #ffffff;
    --yds-color-background-variant: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-background-control-disabled: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    --yds-color-background-dialog: #ffffff;
    --yds-color-background-dialog-overlay: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.41);
    --yds-color-text-default: #131415;
    --yds-color-text-negative: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-text-disabled: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.29);
    --yds-color-action-primary: #131415;
    --yds-color-action-primary-variant: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
    --yds-color-action-secondary-variant: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09);
    --yds-color-feedback-highlight: #009cb5;
    --yds-color-border: #131415;
    --yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-size: 16px;
    --yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-family: 'Open Sans';
    --yds-typography-open-sans-m-font-style: normal;
}

.consent-sdk-wrapper .yds-theme-dark {
    --yds-color-background: #131415;
    --yds-color-background-variant: #1f2123;
    --yds-color-background-control-disabled: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.21);
    --yds-color-background-dialog: #1f2123;
    --yds-color-background-dialog-overlay: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
    --yds-color-text-default: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-text-negative: #131415;
    --yds-color-text-disabled: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    --yds-color-action-primary: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-action-primary-variant: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.71);
    --yds-color-action-secondary-variant: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.17);
    --yds-color-feedback-highlight: #29ccde;
    --yds-color-border: #f8f9fa;
}

.consent-sdk-wrapper .yds-theme-light {
    --yds-color-background: #ffffff;
    --yds-color-background-variant: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-background-control-disabled: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    --yds-color-background-dialog: #ffffff;
    --yds-color-background-dialog-overlay: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.41);
    --yds-color-text-default: #131415;
    --yds-color-text-negative: #f8f9fa;
    --yds-color-text-disabled: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.29);
    --yds-color-action-primary: #131415;
    --yds-color-action-primary-variant: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
    --yds-color-action-secondary-variant: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09);
    --yds-color-feedback-highlight: #009cb5;
    --yds-color-border: #131415;
}
</style><style type="text/css">.tunnus-sdk-root {
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.tunnus-sdk__overlay {
  z-index: 9999999;
  background-color: rgba(30, 30, 30, 0.8);
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-items: flex-start;
  align-items: center;
  overflow: auto;
  animation-name: tunnus-sdk__overlay--animate-opacity;
  animation-duration: 0.5s;
}

@keyframes tunnus-sdk__overlay--animate-opacity {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.tunnus-sdk__overlay--animate {
  background-color: rgba(30, 30, 30, 0.8);
}

.tunnus-sdk__container {
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.tunnus-sdk__old-mobile.tunnus-sdk__overlay,
.tunnus-sdk__old-mobile.tunnus-sdk__overlay .tunnus-sdk__container {
  position: absolute;
}

.tunnus-sdk__content {
  background: white;
  max-width: 500px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin: 32px auto;
}

.tunnus-sdk__dark-content {
  background: #131415;
}

.tunnus-sdk__close-button {
  float: right;
  border: none;
  font-size: 30px;
  margin: 10px 10px 0 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0;
  background-color: transparent;
  font-weight: 900;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 34px;
  width: 34px;
  background: white;
}

.tunnus-sdk__dark-close-button {
  color: white;
  background: #131415;
}

.tunnus-sdk__iframe {
  transition: max-height 0.3s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0, 1);
  min-height: 100px;
  border: none;
  height: 10000px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 500px;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 500px) {
  .tunnus-sdk__close-button {
    position: fixed;
    right: 1px;
    top: 10px;
    border-radius: 20px;
  }

  .tunnus-sdk__content {
    border-radius: 0;
    margin: 0 auto;
    height: 100%;
  }

  .tunnus-sdk__iframe {
    border-radius: 0;
  }
}
</style><style>.yle_areena_player,.yle_areena_player_dynamic{display: block; left: 0; position: relative; top: 0; overflow: visible; right: 0;}</style></head>
  
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1-1.592-.981l.5-2.597.014-.062c.23-.883.58-1.911.986-2.865.4-.94.88-1.876 1.387-2.532.964-1.246 2.07-2.138 3.405-2.709 1.057-.45 2.219-.684 3.508-.76V4a1 1 0 0 1 .612-.922m1.388 3.298v3.48h-1c-1.529 0-2.727.202-3.722.627-.984.42-1.826 1.081-2.609 2.093-.351.454-.753 1.206-1.129 2.09a19.5 19.5 0 0 0-.874 2.525l.277-.213c2.023-1.559 4.445-2.798 7.028-2.833h2.029v3.479L19.57 12z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="sc-jwIPbr gubcsY yds-button__text">Dela</span></button></div></div></header><div id="yle__contentAnchor" class="GridSystem-sc-613a840-2 iPZOUh"><div class="GridSystem__GridRow-sc-613a840-1 ArticlePage__ArticleRow-sc-b0892cbb-2 dpyhkz brIkHp"><main class="ArticlePage__ArticlePageMainColumn-sc-b0892cbb-0 iDudXY"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-613a840-0 ArticlePage__ArticleGridCell-sc-b0892cbb-1 hHPPba fUIGCt"><div class="ArticleWrapper__Wrapper-sc-5e8d6cad-0 evDXNu"><article class="yle__article arkki-theme-default" data-vrsproduct="svenska"><header class="yle__article__header"><div class="sc-fhjzBz cHrdXw"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-212923/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Vetenskap" class="sc-hylbpc ctdIUB">Vetenskap</a></div><h1 class="sc-fUEImY euNrsq yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--1">Nu går vi mot ljuset igen – allt du behöver veta om vintersolståndet, och lite till</h1><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-kLJHhQ bQGAVS beVRsr yle__article__paragraph">Nu börjar ljusets återkomst, jublar många som kämpar under årets mörkaste tid. Men vad är vintersolståndet och vad har det haft för betydelse?</p><figure class="sc-lgprfV ihBibF yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10069528","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Nu vänder det!  Men värmen får vi vänta på. Som kallast är det i genomsnitt kring mitten av februari.","copyrightHolder":"DPR","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.505927180355631,c_fill,g_faces,h_509,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-139864367652f69e3e82","keywords":"vintersolståndet"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP cARqMW"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><div class="Blurhash-styles__BlurhashWrapper-sc-6695bb2c-0 gWIgWZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.505927180355631,c_fill,g_faces,h_509,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734684602/39-139864367652f69e3e82 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.505927180355631,c_fill,g_faces,h_509,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734684602/39-139864367652f69e3e82 1x"><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.505927180355631,c_fill,g_faces,h_422,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734684602/39-139864367652f69e3e82 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.505927180355631,c_fill,g_faces,h_422,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734684602/39-139864367652f69e3e82 1x"><img alt="Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2000,w_3556,x_0,y_361/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734684602/39-139864367652f69e3e82" class="StaticImage-sc-b00fee6f-0 bHDUoF"></picture></div></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Nu vänder det!  Men värmen får vi vänta på. Som kallast är det i genomsnitt kring mitten av februari.</span><span> <!-- -->Bild: DPR</span></figcaption></figure><div class="sc-duWCru gXqASn"><div class="sc-dwGkES buxaYb"><div class="sc-ePpfBx kNIqFA"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-589" class="sc-txhaY kFFKTn">Marcus Rosenlund</a></div></div></div><div class="sc-csDTBA czvOJF"><div class="sc-gOvSbZ iNrAcd yle__article__date"><time class="sc-bknTaq guwdcO yle__article__date--published" datetime="2024-12-21T08:48:19+02:00">21.12 8:48</time></div></div><div class="sc-jhVLmh fKnYLd"><button data-testid="default-article-audio-placeholder" class="sc-ddLvXF dGKKXd"><span aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-kLhKbu kYLvHQ fJGJqo"><span class="sc-dstKZu sc-dpBQxM cFfLSj idnWeG yds-button__icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.52 2.122a1 1 0 0 1 1.02.037l14 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.682l-14 9A1 1 0 0 1 5 21V3a1 1 0 0 1 .52-.878" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span><span class="sc-fHgmia gQAgkv">Lyssna (du hör en artificiell röst) 11:48</span></button><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-jXpgWc hVmLsg"><div data-testid="default-article-audio-player" class=" yle_areena_player_dynamic"><div><div class="global-sc-yqxyu-1 BVNgV"><div class="PreviewAudio__Container-sc-1flym0q-0 XdvCN"><div data-testid="yle-audio-player" tabindex="-1" class="YleAudioPlayer__AudioContainer-sc-uf9038-0 bDBSob"><div class="YleAudioPlayer__Container-sc-uf9038-1 kznYVI"><audio class="simple-audio-element" preload="none" src="https://article-audio-backend-prod.c1.yle.fi/87-7-10069528.1734763699-001.mp3"></audio><button aria-label="Lyssna (du hör en artificiell röst) Allt du behöver veta om vintersolståndet 11 minuter 48 sekunder" class="AudioPlayerButtons__AudioStrippedButton-sc-w47xwk-0 iPDuwp"><span class="AudioPlayerButtons__IconCircleWrapper-sc-w47xwk-2 izXuVj"><svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11.68 9.41C11.89 9.29 12.15 9.30 12.36 9.43L21.69 15.43C21.88 15.56 22.00 15.77 22.00 16.00C22.00 16.22 21.88 16.43 21.69 16.56L12.36 22.56C12.15 22.69 11.89 22.70 11.68 22.58C11.46 22.46 11.33 22.24 11.33 22.00V10.00C11.33 9.75 11.46 9.53 11.68 9.41Z" fill="#f8f9fa"></path></svg></span><div color="#131415" class="AudioPlayerPreviewButton__PreviewButtonLabel-sc-75o8ra-0 jwPFD"><span>Lyssna (du hör en artificiell röst)</span><span>11:48</span></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-cEPdYp knzNsP"></div></div></header><section class="yle__article__content"><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Vintersolståndet är djupet i mörkrets hjärta eller ett löfte om att ljuset återkommer. I år är den mörkaste stunden den 21.12 klockan 11.20.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I den här artikeln tittar vi på vad <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/solens-upp-och-nedgang/sommarsolstand-och-vintersolstand-1.4180" role="link">vintersolståndet </a>betyder i rent astronomiska termer, och vad det har betytt för forna tiders folk och för vår civilisation.</p><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Varför har vi midsommar och midvinter?</h2><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Allting börjar med jordens rotationsaxel och dess lutning på cirka 23,5 grader. Jordaxelns lutning är vinkeln mellan <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://app.binogi.se/l/jorden-snurriga-aarstider" role="link">jordens rotationsaxel</a> och den linje som är vinkelrät mot jordens omloppsbana runt solen.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Den här lutningen är orsaken till att vi har saker som vinter- och sommarsolstånd, och vår- och höstdagjämningar.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Lutningen gör så att solen i tur och ordning verkar vandra norrut och söderut över ekvatorn. Solen pendlar mellan <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/v%C3%A4ndkrets" role="link">vändkretsarna</a>.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Och när solen verkar vara direkt över den nordligaste eller sydligaste punkten, över endera vändkretsen, inträffar sommarsolstånd och vintersolstånd.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I klartext: Vintersolståndet representerar den kortaste dagen och längsta natten på året. Solen står då vid middagstid allra lägst över horisonten.</p><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10069528","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Under vintersolståndet står solen i zenit ovanför den södra vändkretsen, alltså Stenbockens vändkrets.","copyrightHolder":"Spito","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5380859375,c_fill,g_faces,h_498,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-139876067654e74b63e3","keywords":"vintersolståndet"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP hgHjXe"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><div class="Blurhash-styles__BlurhashWrapper-sc-6695bb2c-0 gWIgWZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5380859375,c_fill,g_faces,h_498,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692611/39-139876067654e74b63e3 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5380859375,c_fill,g_faces,h_498,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692611/39-139876067654e74b63e3 1x"><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5380859375,c_fill,g_faces,h_413,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692611/39-139876067654e74b63e3 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5380859375,c_fill,g_faces,h_413,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692611/39-139876067654e74b63e3 1x"><img alt="Grafisk illustration av solljusets vinkel på de olika vändkretsarna under sommar- och vintersolstånd." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_885,w_1575,x_0,y_20/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692611/39-139876067654e74b63e3" class="StaticImage-sc-b00fee6f-0 bHDUoF"></picture></div></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Under vintersolståndet står solen i zenit ovanför den södra vändkretsen, alltså Stenbockens vändkrets.</span><span> <!-- -->Bild: Spito</span></figcaption></figure><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I Helsingfors, på cirka 60 grader nordlig bredd, får vi just nu 5 timmar och 49 minuter dagsljus. I Vasa, på omkring 63 grader nordlig bredd, är solen uppe i 5 timmar och 11 minuter.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Men sedan börjar dagarna gradvis bli längre och nätterna kortare.</p><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Varför vi firar vi inte jul när det är mörkast?</h2><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Ända sedan Hedenhös, stenåldern eller hedniska forntiden, har vi firat ljusets seger över mörkret, långt innan det kallades jul.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Men varför firar vi då juldagen den 25 december och inte på dagen för vintersolståndet, den 21 eller 22?</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Som vanligt vänds blicken mot de gamla romarna. Under romarrikets tid firade man vintersolståndet den 25 december helt enkelt eftersom man trodde att det inträffade då.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Julen heter dock inte jul på grund av <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Julius Caesar</strong> – ordet har germanska och fornnordiska rötter.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Vikingarna talade om<a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.scandinavianarchaeology.com/from-jol-to-yule/" role="link"> jól (eller jólablot)</a>, som enligt vissa språkforskare betyder återfödelse eller vändning. Ännu en hänvisning till vintersolståndet.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I anglosaxarnas vokabulär ändrades yule till Christmas (Christ’s Mass) men våra förfäder ryckte bara på axlarna och körde vidare med jul.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Vissa språkforskare tror sig ha spårat ordets ursprung till <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://stockholmsskrivbyra.se/varfor-heter-det-jul/" role="link">forngermanskans jehwla</a>. Finskan lånade i ett tidigt stadium in ordet i form av juhla, som ju betyder högtid. Finskan lånade senare in samma ord en gång till, då i form av joulu.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I brist på <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://visitaland.com/upplev/kultur-historia/tomten-rotter-fran-aland/" role="link">Coca-cola-tomten</a> fick de gamla nordborna hålla till godo med allfader Oden, skäggprydd också han. Julversionen av Oden kallades också Jólner eller jólfaðr.</p><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">När blev julen en kristen jul?</h2><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Till Norden kom den kristna julen omkring år 900, och när vi nu talar om Norden så var rusdryckerna självklart involverade från första början: Det hette ju inte att fira jul utan att ”dricka jul”.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Den första som sägs ha druckit jul var den krigiske kungen <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_H%C3%A5rfager" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Harald Hårfager</strong></a> som i skalden <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://varldenshistoria.se/civilisationer/vikingar/vikingarna-drack-in-julen" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Torbjörn Hornklöves</strong></a> Haraldskväde från cirka år 900 säger att han vill ”dricka jul ute på havet”. Den första julbuffén ombord på Sverigebåten, med andra ord.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">De tidiga kristna var överlag inte alls några inbitna julfirare, och den njugga attityden levde kvar ända in på 1600- och 1700-talet.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">De <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%c3%a5ng/puritanism" role="link">protestantiska puritanerna</a> menade då att julen var en hednisk fest och att det inte fanns något bibliskt stöd för att fira <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Jesu</strong> födelse den 25 december. Så de förbjöd julfirandet i vissa delar av USA och England.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Avsmaken för julfirande härstammar från tidiga kristna lärda som <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.apuritansmind.com/historical-theology/advanced-historical-theology-irenaeus-tertullian-and-the-school-of-alexandria-%E2%80%93-clement-and-origin/" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Origenes</strong>, <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Tertullianus</strong> och <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Irenæus av Lyon</strong></a>. De tog avstånd från de gamla romerska traditionerna med att fira gudars födelsedagar. Sådant är hednafasoner, menade de.</p><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10069528","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Irenæus av Lyon (cirka 130–202), fransk biskop och martyr. Han var den som godkände Matteus, Markus, Lukas och Johannes evangelier till Bibeln. Och Irenæus tyckte inte alls om julfirande, han såg det som en hednisk tradition.","copyrightHolder":"Dianelos Georgoudis","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-139878267654f9bb4938","keywords":"Irenaeus"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jXpUcG"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><div class="Blurhash-styles__BlurhashWrapper-sc-6695bb2c-0 gWIgWZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_740,w_740,x_0,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692821/39-139878267654f9bb4938 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_740,w_740,x_0,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692821/39-139878267654f9bb4938 1x"><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_740,w_740,x_0,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_636,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692821/39-139878267654f9bb4938 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_740,w_740,x_0,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_636,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692821/39-139878267654f9bb4938 1x"><img alt="Ikonmålning föreställande den franske martyren Ireneus av Lyon." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_413,w_740,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734692821/39-139878267654f9bb4938" class="StaticImage-sc-b00fee6f-0 bHDUoF"></picture></div></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Irenæus av Lyon (cirka 130–202), fransk biskop och martyr. Han var den som godkände Matteus, Markus, Lukas och Johannes evangelier till Bibeln. Och Irenæus tyckte inte alls om julfirande, han såg det som en hednisk tradition.</span><span> <!-- -->Bild: Dianelos Georgoudis</span></figcaption></figure><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph"><a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaeus" role="link">Irenæus av Lyon</a> (cirka 130–202), en fransk biskop och martyr, var för övrigt den som först valde ut <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Matteus</strong>, <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Markus</strong>, <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Lukas</strong> och <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Johannes</strong> evangelier som tillförlitliga. De ingick sedan i Bibeln från år 397.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Inte så lite ironiskt, eller hur, att mannen som såg till att Bibeln inkluderade ”<a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.bible.com/sv/bible/160/LUK.2.1-20.SFB98" role="link">Och det hände sig vid den tiden</a> att från kejsar <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Augustus</strong> utgick ett påbud att hela världen skulle skattskrivas”, ansåg att julen var hedniskt humbug.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Även om en och annan sur gubbe muttrade till protest vägde argumenten för julen ändå tyngre till slut. Den tidiga kristna kyrkan behövde dels ersätta de hedniska traditionerna som förknippas med vintersolståndet, och dels skapa en samhörighetskänsla i de egna leden.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Så <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Liberius" role="link">påven <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Liberius</strong></a> slog år 354 fast datumet för Jesu födelsefest till den 25 december.</p><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Vad har Saturnus med vintersolståndet att göra?</h2><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Ser vi ännu längre bakåt i historien så härstammar vårt firande ytterst från antikens Rom och dess traditioner – av vilka en stor del har införlivats direkt i våra jultraditioner.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Det romerska firandets rötter beskrivs av den romerske historikern <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Junianus_Justinus" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Marcus Junianus Justinus</strong></a> som levde på 200-talet. Han berättar om en kung vid namn <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://romarriket.se/grekiska-gudar/kronos/" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Saturnus</strong></a> som levde i förromerska tider.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Saturnus var av allt att döma en anmärkningsvärt mild och rättvis härskare. I hans rike var ingen en slav och ingen var fattig – eller rik, för den delen. Mitt palats var ditt palats.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Så älskad var Saturnus att minnet av hans styre levde kvar långt efter hans död. Med tiden upphöjdes han till gud, och utpekades som far till gudarnas konung Jupiter. Saturnus forna rike blev till en skimrande legend, en mytisk guldålder av oskuld och överflöd.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Saturnus måste verkligen ha varit en riktigt hejdundrande hedersknyffel, med tanke på att den engelskspråkiga världen fortfarande ägnar en av veckans dagar åt honom, Saturn’s Day eller <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday" role="link">Saturday</a> (latin: dies saturni).</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">För att hedra Saturnus, skriver historikern Justinus, började romarna varje år kring vintersolståndet fira en stor fest till Saturnus ära. Just det, <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.getty.edu/news/the-wild-holiday-that-turned-ancient-rome-upside-down/" role="link">saturnalia</a>.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Till den här festens traditioner hörde att man gick omkring och önskade varandra io saturnalia (uttal: jå saturnalia), precis som vi och vår tids säsongsmantra god jul.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Den officiella delen av firandet inleddes med en offergåva som förrättades framför <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnustemplet" role="link">Saturnustemplet</a> vid Capitoliumkullens fot.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Sedan tog det privata firandet vid och då, för att minnas hur fint det var då fattig var rik och rik var fattig, kastades alla roller om för en kväll. Slavarna fick sätta sig ned vid bordet där de enligt vissa källor blev uppassade av sina husbönder.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Slavarna var också tillåtna att tala fritt och rentav kritisera sina ägare. Naturligtvis med förbehållet att nästa morgon skulle allting vara tillbaka i gamla rullor igen, så hur stor i käften som helst vågade man kanske inte vara trots allt.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Och hur som helst så var det ju slavarna som fick lov att tillreda maten för festen. Någon måtta med io saturnalia.</p><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10069528","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Saturnaliefesten, som romarna firade kring vintersolståndet, innehöll många element som gick vidare till det kristna julfirandet, bland annat tändandet av ljus, pyntandet av hemmet med städsegröna växter och utdelandet av presenter.","copyrightHolder":"Antoine Callet","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_0.998046875,c_fill,g_faces,h_768,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-4520275a3a7d4717628","keywords":"Rom,Saturnalia"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP fOUSWO"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><div class="Blurhash-styles__BlurhashWrapper-sc-6695bb2c-0 gWIgWZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_0.998046875,c_fill,g_faces,h_768,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1513782661/39-4520275a3a7d4717628 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_0.998046875,c_fill,g_faces,h_768,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1513782661/39-4520275a3a7d4717628 1x"><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_0.998046875,c_fill,g_faces,h_637,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1513782661/39-4520275a3a7d4717628 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_0.998046875,c_fill,g_faces,h_637,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1513782661/39-4520275a3a7d4717628 1x"><img alt="Saturnaliefirande romare." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1150,w_2044,x_0,y_703/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1513782661/39-4520275a3a7d4717628" class="StaticImage-sc-b00fee6f-0 bHDUoF"></picture></div></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Saturnaliefesten, som romarna firade kring vintersolståndet, innehöll många element som gick vidare till det kristna julfirandet, bland annat tändandet av ljus, pyntandet av hemmet med städsegröna växter och utdelandet av presenter.</span><span> <!-- -->Bild: Antoine Callet</span></figcaption></figure><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Sedan skulle det ju såklart ges gåvor också, ”saturnalieklappar”. Presenterna varierade från enkla leksaker till barnen, till exklusiva parfymer, konstföremål eller rent av slavar och exotiska djur.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Till saturnaliefesten hörde också att man tog in kvistar av <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.impecta.se/sv/jordnara/vintergrona-vaxter-i-tradgarden" role="link">städsegröna växter</a> i huset. Ofta då i form av kransar, för att symboliskt hålla Moder Natur vid liv medan naturen låg i vinterdvala.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Precis som vår tids jul hörde levande ljus också till saturnaliefesten. Författaren <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ambrosius-Theodosius-Macrobius" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Macrobius</strong></a>, en av de främsta källorna till det som vi vet om saturnaliefirandet, skriver att ”saturnaliefesten är en ljusfestival som leder oss fram till vintersolståndet, med ett överdåd av vaxljus vilka representerar strävan efter kunskap och sanning”.</p><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Men handlar inte allt till syvende och sist om solen?</h2><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Det är hur som helst trångt i den religiösa kalendern just kring vintersolståndet. Många gudomliga födelsedagar eller andra högtider att fira, inte minst i den romerska kultursfären. Och då snackar vi om <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solgud" role="link">solgudar</a>.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Solgudarna flyttade ofta in i det romerska Pantheon från andra kulturer. Ta nu de gamla persernas solgud till exempel, <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mithra" role="link">Mithra </a>som romarna senare lånade vissa drag av och kallade <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://scuolaromit.com/en/the-cult-of-mithras-in-rome-the-underground-places-of-worship/" role="link">Mithras</a>.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Mithra ingick ursprungligen i en triad tillsammans med zoroastrismens chefsgud <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahura-mazda" role="link">Ahura Mazda</a> och den fornpersiska fruktbarhetsgudinnan <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anahita" role="link">Anahita</a>.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">I Rom var Mithras soldaternas gud och beskyddare. Mithras anhängare hade för vana att skaka hand då de möttes (mithras efterföljare kallades <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://iranian.com/main/blog/nabarz/mithra-and-right-handed-handshake-gods-part-2.html" role="link">syndexioi</a>, ”de som förenas av handskakningen”) för att visa sina vänskapliga avsikter.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Enligt en teori kommer vår sed att skaka hand då vi hälsar på varandra ursprungligen från de romerska legionärerna som spred den över Europa. Tänk på det nästa gång du skakar hand med någon, du utför en hednisk, mithraisk ritual.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Dyrkan av <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/invictus.html" role="link">Sol Invictus</a>, den oövervinnerlige solen, ingick också i mithraismen.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Sol Invictus, solgud och upphöjd till romersk statsgud år 274 av den kortvariga kejsar <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Aurelianus</strong>, stod också högt i kurs hos kejsar <a class="Markdown-styles__Link-sc-2429618e-1 iRkeKk yle__article__link" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_den_store" role="link"><strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Konstantin den store</strong>.</a></p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Konstantin den store är ju känd som den förste romerska kejsaren som konverterade till kristendomen, och han flyttade uttryckligen dit från Sol Invictus läger.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Sol Invictus fick hur som helst äran att vara den sista högt rankade solguden innan kejsar <strong class="Markdown-styles__Strong-sc-2429618e-2 bDyKzD yle__article__strong">Theodosius</strong> i slutet av 300-talet gjorde kristendomen till statsreligion och avskaffade religionsfriheten. Med andra ord, dyrkandet av alla de gamla gudarna förbjöds.</p><p class="Paragraph-styles__Paragraph-sc-2000a27d-0 Markdown-styles__Paragraph-sc-2429618e-0 edTLzB bbMLIv yle__article__paragraph">Väl installerad i maktens korridorer passade den kristna kyrkan på att slänga ut Sol Invictus från sitt eget födelsedagspartaj den 25 december och ersatte honom med Jesus, och ja, apropå det – god jul, allesamman!</p><div class="sc-csIIoV gbDQlD"><div class="sc-fKAjen lobMfb"><div class="sc-cOfyym ipxzyA"><div class="sc-heWFoB irKmDb"><div class="sc-OslQY jQYtaO"><svg width="80" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 327 48" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#ffffff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M71.488 0 54.415 48h9.662l4.367-12.688h16.214L89.158 48H99.68L82.937 0zm5.295 9.626 5.89 18.457H70.562zM285.1 48h9.33V16.09L318.982 48h7.081V0h-9.397v30.362L293.835 0H285.1zM114.171 24.299h10.655c4.566-1.926 6.683-4.382 6.683-9.361 0-5.179-3.705-7.237-9.794-7.237-3.838 0-7.544.664-7.544.664zm7.279 7.502L132.105 48h11.25l-12.442-17.925c4.368-1.925 10.457-6.174 10.457-16.067C141.37 4.315 133.958 0 121.583 0c-10.787 0-16.809 1.66-16.809 1.66V48h9.397V31.8zM148.912 48V0h32.228v8.146h-22.764v12.05h19.654v7.81h-19.654v11.848h23.359V48zm39.837 0h9.331V16.09L222.632 48h7.081V0h-9.398v30.362L197.484 0h-8.735zm68.359-38.374-6.22 18.457h12.111zm-8.338 25.686h16.214l4.5 12.688h10.522L263.264 0h-11.449l-17.074 48h9.661z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path fill="#ffffff" d="M48.73 2.226v43.547c0 1.188-1.028 2.227-2.156 2.227H2.984C1.759 48 .73 46.96.73 45.773V2.226C.73.99 1.76 0 2.984 0h43.59c1.128 0 2.156.99 2.156 2.226"></path><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M23.19 10.124h1.957c1.586 0 1.586 1.42 1.586 2.268v16.945c0 .738-.145 1.493-1.22 1.493h-.64c-1.052 0-1.264-.571-1.264-1.493V13.2h-.33c-1.386 0-1.536-.788-1.536-1.127v-.867c0-1.082 1.088-1.082 1.446-1.082m16.404 17.762c.238-.047.444-.087.648-.087.62 0 .99.387.99 1.037v.499c0 .687-.356.933-.743 1.097-.607.279-2.156.58-4.114.58-4.707 0-6.457-1.862-6.457-6.868 0-5.128 1.879-7.415 6.093-7.415 4.988 0 5.566 3.653 5.566 6.4 0 1.293-.655 1.869-2.121 1.869H33.1c.104 2.6.495 3.165 3.82 3.165 1.286 0 2.097-.162 2.581-.259zm-20.26-10.791h-.773c-.85 0-1.138.53-1.347 1.447l-2.16 9.393h-.372c-.796.028-1.157-.081-1.415-1.114l-2.188-8.291-.024-.091c-.166-.63-.354-1.344-1.227-1.344h-.82c-.746 0-1.174.41-1.174 1.127 0 .394.106.978.333 1.84l2.324 8.285c.431 1.622 1.351 2.346 2.982 2.346h1.007c-.133.694-.299 1.485-.4 1.801-.408 1.267-1.02 1.499-2.08 1.499-.93 0-1.536-.071-1.98-.123l-.044-.005-.012-.002c-.255-.029-.457-.052-.651-.052-.621 0-.992.388-.992 1.038v.546c0 .685.355.93.735 1.092.572.26 1.283.4 3.4.4 2.169 0 3.778-1.165 4.304-3.118.903-3.354 3.314-13.47 3.417-13.9.011-.046.286-1.123.286-1.647 0-.675-.454-1.128-1.128-1.128m16.726 2.114c-1.91.001-2.823.999-2.944 3.229l5.662-.005c-.084-2.258-.903-3.224-2.718-3.224" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fqJixv cPMkke"><a href="https://arenan.yle.fi/1-72311691" class="sc-fkkkrx kbLdRa"><h3 class="sc-eWdyzq dCLwPz"><span class="sc-jrVwZP hZyObM">Kvanthopp: </span>Välkommen åter, solen! Det du inte visste att du ville veta om vintersolståndet</h3></a><div class="sc-hkNuZK rGZHe"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-jSYyUR clTxUg"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.343 6.343A8 8 0 0 1 20 12v1h-2a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v3a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3v-7a10 10 0 0 0-20 0v7a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3v-3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H4v-1a8 8 0 0 1 2.343-5.657M4 15v4a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zm16 0h-2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>32 min</div></div></div><div class="sc-eiBUIA kuZKfN"><div class="sc-cOoMUl iISNdD"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><div class="Blurhash-styles__BlurhashWrapper-sc-6695bb2c-0 gWIgWZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/13-1-1511716-1602071234911 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      <script type="text/javascript">window.__INITIAL__STATE__={"pageData":{"article":{"id":"7-10069528","language":"sv","url":{"full":"https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10069528"},"headline":{"image":{"alt":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen.","source":"DPR","aspect":1.505927180355631,"caption":"Nu vänder det!  Men värmen får vi vänta på. Som kallast är det i genomsnitt kring mitten av februari.","id":"39-139864367652f69e3e82","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen."}],"blurhash":"L{Kdr5j]axjZ~2kCfOax-nj[j?af","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Winter Solstice"},{"language":"fin","value":"talvipäivänseisaus"},{"language":"swe","value":"vintersolståndet"}],"extId":"18-137103"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"DPR"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":361,"width":3556,"height":2000}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":188,"y":0,"width":1574,"height":2361}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2361,"height":2361}}],"height":2362,"licence":{"id":"8","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Mostphotos"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-20T10:48:41+02:00","modified":"2024-12-20T10:50:06+02:00","version":"1734684602","width":3557,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},"short":"Allt du behöver veta om vintersolståndet","full":"Nu går vi mot ljuset igen – allt du behöver veta om vintersolståndet, och lite till"},"summary":"Välkommen till vintersolståndet, den kortaste dagen och längsta natten på året. Vintersolståndet har firats långt innan det kallades jul, från romarrikets saturnalia till vikingarnas jól. Vi kollar in de astronomiska mekanismerna som orsakar solens vandring mellan vändkretsarna. Vi tittar också på de gamla solgudarna vars födelsedag vintersolståndet markerar, som fick ge vika när kristendomen tog över showen.","shortSummary":"Vintersolståndet är i år den 21.12 klockan 11.20.","lead":"Nu börjar ljusets återkomst, jublar många som kämpar under årets mörkaste tid. Men vad är vintersolståndet och vad har det haft för betydelse?","mainMedia":[{"alt":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen.","source":"DPR","aspect":1.505927180355631,"caption":"Nu vänder det!  Men värmen får vi vänta på. Som kallast är det i genomsnitt kring mitten av februari.","id":"39-139864367652f69e3e82","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen."}],"blurhash":"L{Kdr5j]axjZ~2kCfOax-nj[j?af","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Winter Solstice"},{"language":"fin","value":"talvipäivänseisaus"},{"language":"swe","value":"vintersolståndet"}],"extId":"18-137103"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"DPR"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":361,"width":3556,"height":2000}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":188,"y":0,"width":1574,"height":2361}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2361,"height":2361}}],"height":2362,"licence":{"id":"8","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Mostphotos"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-20T10:48:41+02:00","modified":"2024-12-20T10:50:06+02:00","version":"1734684602","width":3557,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"}],"authors":[{"organization":"Yle","image":{"source":"YLE\u002FCatariina Salo","aspect":1,"id":"14-svyle-1173415319744c4b3c3","type":"image","alts":[],"blurhash":"L2FN-e1L00{.0e00@v~q02rG5kTv","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"marcus rosenlund"}],"extId":""},{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"morgonöppet"}],"extId":""}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"YLE\u002FCatariina Salo"}],"crops":[],"height":2611,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2013-01-28T15:57:58+02:00","modified":"2013-04-04T13:29:24+03:00","version":"1394226682","width":4641,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},"id":"56-7-589","name":"Marcus Rosenlund","type":"Person"}],"datePublished":"2024-12-21T08:48:19+0200","dateContentModified":"2024-12-21T08:48:19+0200","dateJsonModified":"2024-12-21T08:48:19+0200","publisher":{"name":"svenska-nyheter"},"publication":"svenska.yle.fi","content":[{"level":1,"text":"Nu går vi mot ljuset igen – allt du behöver veta om vintersolståndet, och lite till","type":"heading"},{"alt":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen.","source":"DPR","aspect":1.505927180355631,"caption":"Nu vänder det!  Men värmen får vi vänta på. Som kallast är det i genomsnitt kring mitten av februari.","id":"39-139864367652f69e3e82","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Ett snöigt vinterlandskap med solen lågt på himlen."}],"blurhash":"L{Kdr5j]axjZ~2kCfOax-nj[j?af","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Winter Solstice"},{"language":"fin","value":"talvipäivänseisaus"},{"language":"swe","value":"vintersolståndet"}],"extId":"18-137103"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"DPR"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":361,"width":3556,"height":2000}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":188,"y":0,"width":1574,"height":2361}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2361,"height":2361}}],"height":2362,"licence":{"id":"8","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Mostphotos"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-20T10:48:41+02:00","modified":"2024-12-20T10:50:06+02:00","version":"1734684602","width":3557,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Nu börjar ljusets återkomst, jublar många som kämpar under årets mörkaste tid. Men vad är vintersolståndet och vad har det haft för betydelse?","type":"text"},{"text":"Vintersolståndet är djupet i mörkrets hjärta eller ett löfte om att ljuset återkommer. I år är den mörkaste stunden den 21.12 klockan 11.20.","type":"text"},{"text":"I den här artikeln tittar vi på vad [vintersolståndet ](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.smhi.se\u002Fkunskapsbanken\u002Fmeteorologi\u002Fsolens-upp-och-nedgang\u002Fsommarsolstand-och-vintersolstand-1.4180)betyder i rent astronomiska termer, och vad det har betytt för forna tiders folk och för vår civilisation.","type":"text"},{"text":"Varför har vi midsommar och midvinter?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Allting börjar med jordens rotationsaxel och dess lutning på cirka 23,5 grader. Jordaxelns lutning är vinkeln mellan [jordens rotationsaxel](https:\u002F\u002Fapp.binogi.se\u002Fl\u002Fjorden-snurriga-aarstider) och den linje som är vinkelrät mot jordens omloppsbana runt solen.","type":"text"},{"text":"Den här lutningen är orsaken till att vi har saker som vinter- och sommarsolstånd, och vår- och höstdagjämningar.","type":"text"},{"text":"Lutningen gör så att solen i tur och ordning verkar vandra norrut och söderut över ekvatorn. Solen pendlar mellan [vändkretsarna](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ne.se\u002Fuppslagsverk\u002Fencyklopedi\u002Fl%C3%A5ng\u002Fv%C3%A4ndkrets).","type":"text"},{"text":"Och när solen verkar vara direkt över den nordligaste eller sydligaste punkten, över endera vändkretsen, inträffar sommarsolstånd och vintersolstånd.","type":"text"},{"text":"I klartext: Vintersolståndet representerar den kortaste dagen och längsta natten på året. Solen står då vid middagstid allra lägst över horisonten.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Grafisk illustration av solljusets vinkel på de olika vändkretsarna under sommar- och vintersolstånd.","source":"Spito","aspect":1.5380859375,"caption":"Under vintersolståndet står solen i zenit ovanför den södra vändkretsen, alltså Stenbockens vändkrets.","id":"39-139876067654e74b63e3","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Grafisk illustration av solljusets vinkel på de olika vändkretsarna under sommar- och vintersolstånd."}],"blurhash":"LuPZc1nI~nxWt7ayflWC_4o$D+R:","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Winter Solstice"},{"language":"fin","value":"talvipäivänseisaus"},{"language":"swe","value":"vintersolståndet"}],"extId":"18-137103"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Spito"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":20,"width":1575,"height":885}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":82,"y":0,"width":682,"height":1024}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":274,"y":0,"width":1024,"height":1024}}],"height":1024,"licence":{"id":"2","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Creative Commons"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-20T13:01:08+02:00","modified":"2024-12-20T13:03:36+02:00","version":"1734692611","width":1575,"recommendedFormat":"png"},{"text":"I Helsingfors, på cirka 60 grader nordlig bredd, får vi just nu 5 timmar och 49 minuter dagsljus. I Vasa, på omkring 63 grader nordlig bredd, är solen uppe i 5 timmar och 11 minuter.","type":"text"},{"text":"Men sedan börjar dagarna gradvis bli längre och nätterna kortare.","type":"text"},{"text":"Varför vi firar vi inte jul när det är mörkast?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Ända sedan Hedenhös, stenåldern eller hedniska forntiden, har vi firat ljusets seger över mörkret, långt innan det kallades jul.","type":"text"},{"text":"Men varför firar vi då juldagen den 25 december och inte på dagen för vintersolståndet, den 21 eller 22?","type":"text"},{"text":"Som vanligt vänds blicken mot de gamla romarna. Under romarrikets tid firade man vintersolståndet den 25 december helt enkelt eftersom man trodde att det inträffade då.","type":"text"},{"text":"Julen heter dock inte jul på grund av **Julius Caesar** – ordet har germanska och fornnordiska rötter.","type":"text"},{"text":"Vikingarna talade om[ jól (eller jólablot)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scandinavianarchaeology.com\u002Ffrom-jol-to-yule\u002F), som enligt vissa språkforskare betyder återfödelse eller vändning. Ännu en hänvisning till vintersolståndet.","type":"text"},{"text":"I anglosaxarnas vokabulär ändrades yule till Christmas (Christ’s Mass) men våra förfäder ryckte bara på axlarna och körde vidare med jul.","type":"text"},{"text":"Vissa språkforskare tror sig ha spårat ordets ursprung till [forngermanskans jehwla](https:\u002F\u002Fstockholmsskrivbyra.se\u002Fvarfor-heter-det-jul\u002F). Finskan lånade i ett tidigt stadium in ordet i form av juhla, som ju betyder högtid. Finskan lånade senare in samma ord en gång till, då i form av joulu.","type":"text"},{"text":"I brist på [Coca-cola-tomten](https:\u002F\u002Fvisitaland.com\u002Fupplev\u002Fkultur-historia\u002Ftomten-rotter-fran-aland\u002F) fick de gamla nordborna hålla till godo med allfader Oden, skäggprydd också han. Julversionen av Oden kallades också Jólner eller jólfaðr.","type":"text"},{"text":"När blev julen en kristen jul?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Till Norden kom den kristna julen omkring år 900, och när vi nu talar om Norden så var rusdryckerna självklart involverade från första början: Det hette ju inte att fira jul utan att ”dricka jul”.","type":"text"},{"text":"Den första som sägs ha druckit jul var den krigiske kungen [**Harald Hårfager**](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHarald_H%C3%A5rfager) som i skalden [**Torbjörn Hornklöves**](https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fvikingar\u002Fvikingarna-drack-in-julen) Haraldskväde från cirka år 900 säger att han vill ”dricka jul ute på havet”. Den första julbuffén ombord på Sverigebåten, med andra ord.","type":"text"},{"text":"De tidiga kristna var överlag inte alls några inbitna julfirare, och den njugga attityden levde kvar ända in på 1600- och 1700-talet.","type":"text"},{"text":"De [protestantiska puritanerna](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ne.se\u002Fuppslagsverk\u002Fencyklopedi\u002Fl%c3%a5ng\u002Fpuritanism) menade då att julen var en hednisk fest och att det inte fanns något bibliskt stöd för att fira **Jesu** födelse den 25 december. Så de förbjöd julfirandet i vissa delar av USA och England.","type":"text"},{"text":"Avsmaken för julfirande härstammar från tidiga kristna lärda som [**Origenes**, **Tertullianus** och **Irenæus av Lyon**](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.apuritansmind.com\u002Fhistorical-theology\u002Fadvanced-historical-theology-irenaeus-tertullian-and-the-school-of-alexandria-%E2%80%93-clement-and-origin\u002F). De tog avstånd från de gamla romerska traditionerna med att fira gudars födelsedagar. Sådant är hednafasoner, menade de.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Ikonmålning föreställande den franske martyren Ireneus av Lyon.","source":"Dianelos Georgoudis","aspect":1,"caption":"Irenæus av Lyon (cirka 130–202), fransk biskop och martyr. Han var den som godkände Matteus, Markus, Lukas och Johannes evangelier till Bibeln. Och Irenæus tyckte inte alls om julfirande, han såg det som en hednisk tradition.","id":"39-139878267654f9bb4938","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Ikonmålning föreställande den franske martyren Ireneus av Lyon."}],"blurhash":"LMPq~4yB~0ad~TVrIqWXn#enR:of","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Irenaeus"},{"language":"fin","value":"Irenaeus"},{"language":"rus","value":"Ириней Лионский"},{"language":"swe","value":"Irenaeus"}],"extId":"18-363189"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Dianelos Georgoudis"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":740,"height":413}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":46,"y":0,"width":491,"height":740}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":740,"height":740}}],"height":740,"licence":{"id":"2","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Creative Commons"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-20T13:06:03+02:00","modified":"2024-12-20T13:07:03+02:00","version":"1734692821","width":740,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"[Irenæus av Lyon](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIrenaeus) (cirka 130–202), en fransk biskop och martyr, var för övrigt den som först valde ut **Matteus**, **Markus**, **Lukas** och **Johannes** evangelier som tillförlitliga. De ingick sedan i Bibeln från år 397.","type":"text"},{"text":"Inte så lite ironiskt, eller hur, att mannen som såg till att Bibeln inkluderade ”[Och det hände sig vid den tiden](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bible.com\u002Fsv\u002Fbible\u002F160\u002FLUK.2.1-20.SFB98) att från kejsar **Augustus** utgick ett påbud att hela världen skulle skattskrivas”, ansåg att julen var hedniskt humbug.","type":"text"},{"text":"Även om en och annan sur gubbe muttrade till protest vägde argumenten för julen ändå tyngre till slut. Den tidiga kristna kyrkan behövde dels ersätta de hedniska traditionerna som förknippas med vintersolståndet, och dels skapa en samhörighetskänsla i de egna leden.","type":"text"},{"text":"Så [påven **Liberius**](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britannica.com\u002Fbiography\u002FLiberius) slog år 354 fast datumet för Jesu födelsefest till den 25 december.","type":"text"},{"text":"Vad har Saturnus med vintersolståndet att göra?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Ser vi ännu längre bakåt i historien så härstammar vårt firande ytterst från antikens Rom och dess traditioner – av vilka en stor del har införlivats direkt i våra jultraditioner.","type":"text"},{"text":"Det romerska firandets rötter beskrivs av den romerske historikern [**Marcus Junianus Justinus**](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarcus_Junianus_Justinus) som levde på 200-talet. Han berättar om en kung vid namn [**Saturnus**](https:\u002F\u002Fromarriket.se\u002Fgrekiska-gudar\u002Fkronos\u002F) som levde i förromerska tider.","type":"text"},{"text":"Saturnus var av allt att döma en anmärkningsvärt mild och rättvis härskare. I hans rike var ingen en slav och ingen var fattig – eller rik, för den delen. Mitt palats var ditt palats.","type":"text"},{"text":"Så älskad var Saturnus att minnet av hans styre levde kvar långt efter hans död. Med tiden upphöjdes han till gud, och utpekades som far till gudarnas konung Jupiter. Saturnus forna rike blev till en skimrande legend, en mytisk guldålder av oskuld och överflöd.","type":"text"},{"text":"Saturnus måste verkligen ha varit en riktigt hejdundrande hedersknyffel, med tanke på att den engelskspråkiga världen fortfarande ägnar en av veckans dagar åt honom, Saturn’s Day eller [Saturday](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaturday) (latin: dies saturni).","type":"text"},{"text":"För att hedra Saturnus, skriver historikern Justinus, började romarna varje år kring vintersolståndet fira en stor fest till Saturnus ära. Just det, [saturnalia](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.getty.edu\u002Fnews\u002Fthe-wild-holiday-that-turned-ancient-rome-upside-down\u002F).","type":"text"},{"text":"Till den här festens traditioner hörde att man gick omkring och önskade varandra io saturnalia (uttal: jå saturnalia), precis som vi och vår tids säsongsmantra god jul.","type":"text"},{"text":"Den officiella delen av firandet inleddes med en offergåva som förrättades framför [Saturnustemplet](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaturnustemplet) vid Capitoliumkullens fot.","type":"text"},{"text":"Sedan tog det privata firandet vid och då, för att minnas hur fint det var då fattig var rik och rik var fattig, kastades alla roller om för en kväll. Slavarna fick sätta sig ned vid bordet där de enligt vissa källor blev uppassade av sina husbönder.","type":"text"},{"text":"Slavarna var också tillåtna att tala fritt och rentav kritisera sina ägare. Naturligtvis med förbehållet att nästa morgon skulle allting vara tillbaka i gamla rullor igen, så hur stor i käften som helst vågade man kanske inte vara trots allt.","type":"text"},{"text":"Och hur som helst så var det ju slavarna som fick lov att tillreda maten för festen. Någon måtta med io saturnalia.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Saturnaliefirande romare.","source":"Antoine Callet","aspect":0.998046875,"caption":"Saturnaliefesten, som romarna firade kring vintersolståndet, innehöll många element som gick vidare till det kristna julfirandet, bland annat tändandet av ljus, pyntandet av hemmet med städsegröna växter och utdelandet av presenter.","id":"39-4520275a3a7d4717628","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Saturnaliefirande romare."}],"blurhash":"LEC?P^4.yENM_MD*$$XAF4i_xYWr","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Rooma"},{"language":"swe","value":"Rom"}],"extId":"18-176319"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Saturnalia"},{"language":"fin","value":"Saturnalia"},{"language":"swe","value":"Saturnalia"}],"extId":"18-134370"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Antoine Callet"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":703,"width":2044,"height":1150}}],"height":2048,"licence":{"id":"2","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Creative Commons"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2017-12-20T17:09:59+02:00","modified":"2017-12-20T17:11:03+02:00","version":"1513782661","width":2044,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Sedan skulle det ju såklart ges gåvor också, ”saturnalieklappar”. Presenterna varierade från enkla leksaker till barnen, till exklusiva parfymer, konstföremål eller rent av slavar och exotiska djur.","type":"text"},{"text":"Till saturnaliefesten hörde också att man tog in kvistar av [städsegröna växter](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.impecta.se\u002Fsv\u002Fjordnara\u002Fvintergrona-vaxter-i-tradgarden) i huset. Ofta då i form av kransar, för att symboliskt hålla Moder Natur vid liv medan naturen låg i vinterdvala.","type":"text"},{"text":"Precis som vår tids jul hörde levande ljus också till saturnaliefesten. Författaren [**Macrobius**](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britannica.com\u002Fbiography\u002FAmbrosius-Theodosius-Macrobius), en av de främsta källorna till det som vi vet om saturnaliefirandet, skriver att ”saturnaliefesten är en ljusfestival som leder oss fram till vintersolståndet, med ett överdåd av vaxljus vilka representerar strävan efter kunskap och sanning”.","type":"text"},{"text":"Men handlar inte allt till syvende och sist om solen?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Det är hur som helst trångt i den religiösa kalendern just kring vintersolståndet. Många gudomliga födelsedagar eller andra högtider att fira, inte minst i den romerska kultursfären. Och då snackar vi om [solgudar](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSolgud).","type":"text"},{"text":"Solgudarna flyttade ofta in i det romerska Pantheon från andra kulturer. Ta nu de gamla persernas solgud till exempel, [Mithra ](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britannica.com\u002Ftopic\u002FMithra)som romarna senare lånade vissa drag av och kallade [Mithras](https:\u002F\u002Fscuolaromit.com\u002Fen\u002Fthe-cult-of-mithras-in-rome-the-underground-places-of-worship\u002F).","type":"text"},{"text":"Mithra ingick ursprungligen i en triad tillsammans med zoroastrismens chefsgud [Ahura Mazda](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iranicaonline.org\u002Farticles\u002Fahura-mazda) och den fornpersiska fruktbarhetsgudinnan [Anahita](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnahita).","type":"text"},{"text":"I Rom var Mithras soldaternas gud och beskyddare. Mithras anhängare hade för vana att skaka hand då de möttes (mithras efterföljare kallades [syndexioi](https:\u002F\u002Firanian.com\u002Fmain\u002Fblog\u002Fnabarz\u002Fmithra-and-right-handed-handshake-gods-part-2.html), ”de som förenas av handskakningen”) för att visa sina vänskapliga avsikter.","type":"text"},{"text":"Enligt en teori kommer vår sed att skaka hand då vi hälsar på varandra ursprungligen från de romerska legionärerna som spred den över Europa. Tänk på det nästa gång du skakar hand med någon, du utför en hednisk, mithraisk ritual.","type":"text"},{"text":"Dyrkan av [Sol Invictus](https:\u002F\u002Fpenelope.uchicago.edu\u002Fencyclopaedia_romana\u002Fcalendar\u002Finvictus.html), den oövervinnerlige solen, ingick också i mithraismen.","type":"text"},{"text":"Sol Invictus, solgud och upphöjd till romersk statsgud år 274 av den kortvariga kejsar **Aurelianus**, stod också högt i kurs hos kejsar [**Konstantin den store**.](https:\u002F\u002Fsv.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKonstantin_den_store)","type":"text"},{"text":"Konstantin den store är ju känd som den förste romerska kejsaren som konverterade till kristendomen, och han flyttade uttryckligen dit från Sol Invictus läger.","type":"text"},{"text":"Sol Invictus fick hur som helst äran att vara den sista högt rankade solguden innan kejsar **Theodosius** i slutet av 300-talet gjorde kristendomen till statsreligion och avskaffade religionsfriheten. Med andra ord, dyrkandet av alla de gamla gudarna förbjöds.","type":"text"},{"text":"Väl installerad i maktens korridorer passade den kristna kyrkan på att slänga ut Sol Invictus från sitt eget födelsedagspartaj den 25 december och ersatte honom med Jesus, och ja, apropå det – god jul, allesamman!","type":"text"},{"size":"M","id":"1-72311691","type":"promo-content","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fareena.yle.fi\u002F1-72311691","programResponse":{"description":{"transmission":{"swe":"Populärvetenskap för nyfikna människor. Redaktör: Marcus Rosenlund. E-post: [email protected]\n"},"main":{"swe":"Välkommen till vintersolståndet, den kortaste dagen och längsta natten på året. Vintersolståndet har firats långt innan det kallades jul, från romarrikets saturnalia till vikingarnas jólablot. Vi kollar in de astronomiska mekanismerna som orsakar solens vandring mellan vändkretsarna. 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Pohjoisella pallonpuoliskolla se on ajankohta, jolloin Aurinko on suoraan Kauriin kääntöpiirin yläpuolella. Silloin Auringon deklinaatio on minimissään ja aurinko on alimmillaan taivaalla etelässä ollessaan. Pohjoisen napapiirin pohjoispuolella aurinko ei silloin nouse lainkaan. Talvipäivänseisaus ajoittuu aikavälille 21.–22. joulukuuta.Eteläisellä pallonpuoliskolla talvipäivänseisaus on vastaavasti 21. tai 22. kesäkuuta eli samaan aikaan kuin pohjoisella pallonpuoliskolla on kesäpäivänseisaus. 21.–22. kesäkuuta on eteläisen pallonpuoliskon vuoden lyhin päivä, eikä Aurinko nouse lainkaan eteläisen napapiirin eteläpuolella. Aurinko on silloin suoraan Kravun kääntöpiirin yläpuolella.","sv":"Vintersolståndet är tidpunkten på året när solen har sin lägsta middagshöjd, vilket sammanfaller med den kortaste dagen. Detta inträffar när jordens rotationsaxel lutar mest bort från solen. Detta sker två gånger om året – på norra halvklotet cirka 21–23 december, på södra halvklotet runt 20–23 juni. Motsvarande vintersolstånd uppträder hos andra planeter med fast axellutning, i förhållande till den stjärna som den kretsar runt.","en":"Winter solstice is an astronomical phenomenon marking the shortest day and the longest night of the year. Winter solstice occurs for the Northern Hemisphere in December and for the Southern Hemisphere in June.\nThe axial tilt of Earth and gyroscopic effects of its daily rotation mean that the two opposite points in the sky to which the Earth's axis of rotation points change very slowly. As the Earth follows its orbit around the Sun, the polar hemisphere that faced away from the Sun, experiencing winter, will, in half a year, face towards the Sun and experience summer. 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