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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>ISDS 351 Final Exam Study guide.docx</title><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://ssl.gstatic.com/docs/documents/images/kix-favicon-2023q4.ico"><meta property="og:title" content="ISDS 351 Final Exam Study guide.docx"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Docs"><meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/1eb1bQ56bNat1VfLluZr5AxkPizOW7z_H/mobilebasic?usp=embed_facebook"><meta property="og:image" content="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/docs/AHkbwyKyADl_769k1mwe79sdIhaXrXTD2c5gb6r1emevyNZmhZUHMGDn1xIfS2osh_QlggyUYEhozC_T5P_ZDUsKMAKExZiNlWTjy_31eg=w1200-h630-p"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="630"><meta property="og:description" content="IISDS 351 Final Exam Study Guide: Prepared by Prof. M. Krishnamurthi.  Study Guide for ISDS 351 Final Exam: Total possible points 80.  The Exam will be via Proctorio and so please get your device audio and video ready. Test Proctorio with the sample quiz. Avoid wearing caps and covers that limit ..."><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,user-scalable=0"><meta name="referrer" content="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"><style nonce="">
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li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-5}ol.lst-kix_list_1-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-1 0}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-8}.lst-kix_list_6-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-4}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7}.lst-kix_list_9-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-3}ol.lst-kix_list_15-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-2 0}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3 0}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_7-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-6 0}ol.lst-kix_list_15-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-3 0}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_5-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-8 0}.lst-kix_list_1-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-3}ol.lst-kix_list_12-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_6-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-0 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-3 0}.lst-kix_list_4-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-2}ol.lst-kix_list_3-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-4 0}.lst-kix_list_5-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-1}ol.lst-kix_list_3-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_3-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_7-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-1}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_16-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-0}.lst-kix_list_8-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-0}.lst-kix_list_10-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-0}ol.lst-kix_list_3-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_3-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_13-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-1}ol.lst-kix_list_15-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-8 0}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_10-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-2}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_7-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_12-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-5 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_12-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7}ol.lst-kix_list_12-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7 0}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-8 0}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-2 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_7-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-1 0}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3 0}.lst-kix_list_16-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-7}.lst-kix_list_13-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-8}ol.lst-kix_list_4-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-7 0}.lst-kix_list_16-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-5}ol.lst-kix_list_5-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_3-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-7}ol.lst-kix_list_5-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6 0}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5}.lst-kix_list_6-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-6}ol.lst-kix_list_15-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-7 0}.lst-kix_list_13-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-6}ol.lst-kix_list_14-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-6 0}ol.lst-kix_list_5-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_8-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-7}ol.lst-kix_list_5-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5 0}ol.lst-kix_list_5-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_9-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-5}.lst-kix_list_5-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-8}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-7}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8 0}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-1 0}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-4 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_14-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_14-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_14-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-0 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_14-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_15-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-2}ol.lst-kix_list_14-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_14-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-8 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-3}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_8-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-4 0}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-0}ol.lst-kix_list_3-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-5 0}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-0 0}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-0 0}.lst-kix_list_14-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-4}.lst-kix_list_10-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-7}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_8-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-3 0}.lst-kix_list_11-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-5}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8 0}ol.lst-kix_list_14-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-5 0}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_4-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-1}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4}.lst-kix_list_15-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-0}ol.lst-kix_list_6-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-6 0}.lst-kix_list_11-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-0}ol.lst-kix_list_1-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-5 0}ol.lst-kix_list_9-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-6 0}ol.lst-kix_list_16-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-3 0}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_4-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-5 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-2 0}.lst-kix_list_5-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-2}ol.lst-kix_list_8-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-7 0}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6 0}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2 0}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-4 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6 0}.lst-kix_list_10-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-3}ol.lst-kix_list_1-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-0 0}ol.lst-kix_list_13-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-3 0}.lst-kix_list_3-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-0}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-0 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_14-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-2 0}.lst-kix_list_16-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-1}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8 0}ol.lst-kix_list_9-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-4 0}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1 0}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-6 0}ol.lst-kix_list_4-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-3 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5 0}.lst-kix_list_10-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-8}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4 0}.lst-kix_list_10-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_13-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-5 0}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_13-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-8 0}.lst-kix_list_11-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-7}.lst-kix_list_9-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-0 0}.lst-kix_list_12-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-5}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2 0}.lst-kix_list_5-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-5}.lst-kix_list_9-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-3 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_16-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-8}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-1 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_11-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2}.lst-kix_list_6-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-3}ol.lst-kix_list_1-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-3 0}ol.lst-kix_list_1-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_6-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-1 0}.lst-kix_list_9-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_16-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-8 0}.lst-kix_list_4-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-8}.lst-kix_list_1-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_1-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3}ol.lst-kix_list_9-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-1 0}.lst-kix_list_5-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-6}.lst-kix_list_2-1 > li:before{content:"o  "}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5}.lst-kix_list_2-3 > li:before{content:"●  "}.lst-kix_list_11-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-8}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_9-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-1}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_3-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_8-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_1-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-8 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5}.lst-kix_list_6-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-0}.lst-kix_list_3-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_11-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-5 0}.lst-kix_list_11-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-1}.lst-kix_list_8-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2}ol.lst-kix_list_16-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-6 0}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-8 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-1}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_16-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-0 0}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_11-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-6 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-3 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_4-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-4}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1}ol.lst-kix_list_6-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-4 0}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-8}ol.lst-kix_list_4-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-1 0}.lst-kix_list_16-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-3 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_16-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6 0}.lst-kix_list_15-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-3}ol.lst-kix_list_11-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-0 0}.lst-kix_list_3-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-3}.lst-kix_list_16-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-4}ol.lst-kix_list_6-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-3 0}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7 0}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_16-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-5 0}.lst-kix_list_2-6 > li:before{content:"●  "}ol.lst-kix_list_16-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-2 0}.lst-kix_list_14-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-5}.lst-kix_list_7-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-1 0}.lst-kix_list_13-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-7}.lst-kix_list_10-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-6}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-2 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_1-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-7}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6}.lst-kix_list_7-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-5}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_15-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_11-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-4}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_6-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-8 0}.lst-kix_list_10-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_13-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-7}ol.lst-kix_list_1-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_6-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-5 0}.lst-kix_list_4-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-6 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-7 0}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-2}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_9-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_11-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_11-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-3 0}.lst-kix_list_1-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_1-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_16-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-1 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-4 0}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_15-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_15-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_15-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_14-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_15-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_15-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_15-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_6-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-1}.lst-kix_list_14-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_15-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_15-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_14-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_15-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_7-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-4 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_9-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_11-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-8 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0}ol.lst-kix_list_12-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-0 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_3-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-7 0}.lst-kix_list_14-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_14-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-1 0}.lst-kix_list_3-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-2}ol.lst-kix_list_15-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-5 0}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_6-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_14-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-8}.lst-kix_list_5-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-4}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7}.lst-kix_list_8-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-3}.lst-kix_list_5-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2}.lst-kix_list_5-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_6-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_5-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_5-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_5-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0}ol.lst-kix_list_6-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_6-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_6-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_12-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-5 0}.lst-kix_list_6-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-8}.lst-kix_list_6-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-8 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1}.lst-kix_list_6-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_15-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-0 0}ol.lst-kix_list_3-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-2 0}.lst-kix_list_6-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_6-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_6-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_10-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-6 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5 0}.lst-kix_list_7-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_6-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-2 0}.lst-kix_list_15-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-5}.lst-kix_list_7-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-6}.lst-kix_list_12-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-6}.lst-kix_list_13-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-6}.lst-kix_list_4-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-7}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-1 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_15-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0 0}.lst-kix_list_9-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-8}.lst-kix_list_13-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-4}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-3 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_4-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-5 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_4-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_4-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_1-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-8}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-7 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_10-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-5}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-4}.lst-kix_list_15-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_1-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-4 0}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-5 0}.lst-kix_list_15-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-3,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-4 0}.lst-kix_list_16-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-2}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6 0}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3 0}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_9-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_16-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-7 0}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-8 0}.lst-kix_list_11-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-2}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_8-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_12-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_8-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_12-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_8-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_8-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_8-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_8-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_16-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-3}ol.lst-kix_list_8-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_8-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_13-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-3}ol.lst-kix_list_13-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-6 0}ol.lst-kix_list_8-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-7 0}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-3}.lst-kix_list_10-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-4}.lst-kix_list_14-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-1}.lst-kix_list_13-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_13-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_13-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-7 0}.lst-kix_list_12-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-2 0}.lst-kix_list_13-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-2}ol.lst-kix_list_11-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_11-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-8 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_1-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-1}ol.lst-kix_list_11-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_11-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_3-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_11-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_11-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-1 0}ol.lst-kix_list_11-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_11-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_4-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-0}.lst-kix_list_3-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_3-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_8-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1 0}.lst-kix_list_8-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_3-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_10-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-7 0}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-2 0}.lst-kix_list_8-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_3-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_8-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_8-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-5 0}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-6 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_11-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-5 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_11-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_9-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-3 0}.lst-kix_list_8-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_16-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-1 > li:before{content:"-  "}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_16-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-7,lower-latin) ". "}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-2 > li:before{content:"-  "}ul.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_4-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_4-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-2}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-4}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7}.lst-kix_list_16-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_4-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-8 0}.lst-kix_list_8-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-4}.lst-kix_list_16-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_3-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-3 0}.lst-kix_list_16-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_11-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-3}ol.lst-kix_list_8-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-6 0}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5 0}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6 0}ol.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0 0}ol.lst-kix_list_8-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-0 0}.lst-kix_list_7-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_9-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-7 0}ol.lst-kix_list_13-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_2-4 > li:before{content:"o  "}.lst-kix_list_2-8 > li:before{content:"▪  "}ol.lst-kix_list_13-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-3 0}ol.lst-kix_list_13-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_13-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_7-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-3,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_13-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-5}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-6}.lst-kix_list_10-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_9-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-7}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-5}.lst-kix_list_13-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-5,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-7}ol.lst-kix_list_3-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-8 0}.lst-kix_list_7-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_8-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-1 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_10-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_10-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3}.lst-kix_list_4-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-4 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_15-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_14-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-3 0}.lst-kix_list_15-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-7}.lst-kix_list_4-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-8 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-7 0}.lst-kix_list_9-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-3,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_7-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-0 0}.lst-kix_list_12-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-8}ol.lst-kix_list_13-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_4-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_4-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_4-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_4-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_14-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-4 0}.lst-kix_list_9-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_3-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-6 0}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_11-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3 0}.lst-kix_list_12-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_5-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-3}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0}ol.lst-kix_list_4-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_7-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-4}.lst-kix_list_1-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_11-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-8,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_4-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_12-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_4-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_1-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_13-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_1-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-6}.lst-kix_list_13-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-2}.lst-kix_list_2-0 > li:before{content:"●  "}.lst-kix_list_4-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-5}ol.lst-kix_list_9-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-8 0}.lst-kix_list_1-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_8-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-2}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1 0}ol.lst-kix_list_12-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-6 0}.lst-kix_list_8-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-1}ol.lst-kix_list_8-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-2 0}ol.lst-kix_list_3-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-1 0}.lst-kix_list_7-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-0}.lst-kix_list_1-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-2}ol.lst-kix_list_14-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-7 0}.lst-kix_list_9-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-2}.lst-kix_list_13-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-2}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_14-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-3}ol.lst-kix_list_15-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-6 0}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-2}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6}.lst-kix_list_12-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-1}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_2-7 > li:before{content:"o  "}ol.lst-kix_list_1-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_2-5 > li:before{content:"▪  "}ol.lst-kix_list_1-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-3 0}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-2 0}.lst-kix_list_14-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-6}.lst-kix_list_10-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-7}ol.lst-kix_list_15-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-1 0}ol.lst-kix_list_15-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_1-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_1-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_10-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-4}ol.lst-kix_list_7-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-3 0}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3 0}ol.lst-kix_list_5-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-7 0}.lst-kix_list_3-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-4}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1 0}ol.lst-kix_list_10-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_9-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-7 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_10-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_9-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_10-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_list_2-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_10-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_12-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-1 0}.lst-kix_list_11-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-5,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_list_2-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_list_2-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_list_2-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_list_2-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4 0}ul.lst-kix_list_2-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-5 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_1-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-1,lower-latin) ". "}ul.lst-kix_list_2-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_11-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-7,lower-latin) ". "}ul.lst-kix_list_2-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-3}ul.lst-kix_list_2-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_8-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-5}.lst-kix_list_1-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0}ol.lst-kix_list_10-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-5 0}.lst-kix_list_14-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-7}ol.lst-kix_list_7-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-5 0}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-1}.lst-kix_list_3-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-1}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_7-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-7 0}.lst-kix_list_3-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_14-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_14-0}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0}.lst-kix_list_8-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_12-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-0}ol.lst-kix_list_12-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-3 0}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_8-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_8-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-1}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1 0}.lst-kix_list_3-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_3-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-0 0}.lst-kix_list_11-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_11-2,lower-roman) ". "}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-7 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-4 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_12-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-4 0}ol.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0 0}.lst-kix_list_16-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-6,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_10-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-1 0}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-4 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_list_5-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-6 0}.lst-kix_list_16-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_16-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_7-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-3}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-1}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-4}ol.lst-kix_list_7-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_7-8 0}.lst-kix_list_12-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-4}ol.lst-kix_list_10-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-2 0}.lst-kix_list_12-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-7}ol.lst-kix_list_5-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-5 0}.lst-kix_list_6-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_6-2}.lst-kix_list_7-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_7-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_list_13-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_13-5}.lst-kix_list_9-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_9-6}.lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-7}ol.lst-kix_list_5-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-4 0}ol.lst-kix_list_5-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-1 0}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4}.lst-kix_list_16-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_16-6}.lst-kix_list_11-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_11-6}ol.lst-kix_list_10-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-0 0}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-3,decimal) ". "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_3-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_3-8}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-6 > li:before{content:"-  "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_4-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_4-6}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-7 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_list_1-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_1-5}.lst-kix_list_4-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_4-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_15-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_15-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_list_10-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-8}.lst-kix_list_10-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_10-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_list_9-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_9-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_12-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-7 0}.lst-kix_list_15-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_15-8}.lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-2 > li:before{content:"-  "}.lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-4,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_list_12-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_12-8 0}.lst-kix_list_10-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_10-1}.lst-kix_list_8-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_list_8-8}.lst-kix_248hiss893bh-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_248hiss893bh-6}.lst-kix_list_1-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_1-6,decimal) ". "}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_12-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_12-6,decimal) ". "}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_2-2 > li:before{content:"▪  "}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_list_13-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_list_13-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7j6t8qeammca-4}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_list_5-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_list_5-2 0}.lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-3}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-5{list-style-type:none}</style><div class="doc-content" style="background-color:#ffffff;max-width:468pt;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.0;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p></div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.0;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:center"><span style="text-decoration-skip-ink:none;font-size:12pt;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline">I</span><span style="text-decoration-skip-ink:none;font-size:12pt;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline">ISDS 351 Final Exam Study Guide: Prepared by Prof. M. Krishnamurthi</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.0;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.0;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Study Guide for ISDS 351 Final Exam: Total possible points 80.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.0;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_16-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">The Exam will be via Proctorio and so please get your device audio and video ready. Test Proctorio with the sample quiz. Avoid wearing caps and covers that limit visibility and sit in a well-lit space.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Any suspicious case of cheating will be seriously examined as per university policy. Please see the syllabus on this.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">You can take the exam within the allocated time window indicated to you.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Study chapters &nbsp;R8, R9, R10, R12 and (R1,2,3,5,&amp; 6) and (S1, 3, 5, 6, &amp; 7)</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Exam Duration will be 70 min. Based on time taken for prior exams. &nbsp;</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Exam is closed books and notes</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">For security reasons your score on the exam will be displayed &nbsp;after you submit the exam. However, the correct answer and your responses will not be displayed.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">How to use the study guide in your preparation for the exam.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">This study guide outlines many topics that you need to study in order to do well on the exam. You should focus on the sections and paragraphs as you need to know the context in which these topics are relevant. In these sections, focus on the terms, definitions and concepts and know how to apply them well. Plan on knowing 15-20 topics &nbsp;from each chapter.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">The following list can help you prepare for about 90% of the questions. Therefore, your preparation should not be limited to only these topics. The more familiar you are with the topics in the chapter the better will be your performance. Good Luck! &nbsp;</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">The exam will consist of multiple-choice, Fill-ins, and True or False &nbsp;questions from the chapters mentioned below.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:700">Chapter 8.Cloud Computing</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Cloud computing pg 293-298</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Cloud computing</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;refers to a computing environment in which software and</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">storage is provided as an Internet service and accessed by users with their Web browser</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">public cloud computing environment</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, a service provider organization</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">owns and manages the infrastructure</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is an information systems model in</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">which an organization outsources the equipment used to support its data processing operations, including servers, storage devices, and networking components.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Platform as a service (PaaS)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is an information systems model in which</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">users are provided with a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">services, and a Web server.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="5" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Software as a service (SaaS)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a software delivery approach that pro-</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">videos users with access to software remotely as a Web-based service.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="6" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">private cloud computing</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;environment is a single-tenant cloud.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Organizations that implement a private cloud often do so because they are concerned that their data will not be secure in a public cloud.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="7" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">hybrid cloud computing environment</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is composed of both public and private clouds, integrated through a private network,</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">autonomic computing</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">or the ability of IT systems to manage themselves and adapt to changes</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">in the computing environment, business policies, and operating objectives.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-0" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">IoT Pg 299-301.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">internet of things IOT</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 520.48px; height: 269.60px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcoOqcFSikU1eHu3p1g9RZvourv1itp4fA01q5psGtPY5XyYgy7ypOJW3dHyReEoUehJjrwm_D93bwz2oKQpHZdZDBcnAcY1_puW_UYosnSN8-kpailsWKeUM-fUVrptSo-V1eLCArd5RSu=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 520.48px; height: 269.60px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_11-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-size:12pt">5G (5th generation)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the latest generation of mobile communications, featuring high data transfer speeds over high frequencies with minimal latency (delays in response time) and requiring low energy.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Business Benefits of IoT</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_7jo8ygdnsll-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Reduce costs to achieve a competitive advantage.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Deepen the organization’s understanding of consumer preferences and behaviors.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Improve customer service and experience.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Improve workplace safety.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Types of IoT Applications</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_ingvmzplzhs0-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Connect and monitor.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Control and react.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Predict and adapt.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Transform and explore.</span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Chapter 9. E-commerce</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">An Introduction to E-Commerce Pg 314-320</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-size:12pt">E-commerce</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves conducting business activities (e.g., distribution, buying,</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services) electronically over</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">computer networks.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a subset of e-commerce in which all the participants are organizations.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Omnichannel</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;refers to an integrated strategy for engaging customers (and potential customers) across multiple platforms and channels of communication to provide a seamless experience.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">One reason for the steady growth in B2C e-commerce is that shoppers find that many goods and services are cheaper when purchased online, including stocks, books, newspapers, airline tickets, and hotel rooms.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Another reason for the growth in B2C e-commerce is that online B2C shoppers have the ability to design a personalized product.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A third reason for the continued growth of B2C e-commerce is the effective use of social media networks by many companies looking to reach consumers, promote their products and generate online sales.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a subset of e-commerce that involves electronic transactions between consumers using a third party to facilitate the process.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ex) ebay</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="5" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">E-government </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is the use of information and communications technology to simplify the sharing of information, speed formerly paper-based processes, and improve the relationship between citizens and government.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-0" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Introduction to M-Commerce Pg 321-322</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Mobile commerce (m-commerce) relies on the use of mobile devices, such</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">as smartphones and tablets, to place orders and conduct business.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">M-commerce is a rapidly growing segment of e-commerce. In 2017, m-commerce accounted for approximately 35 percent of all e-commerce, and by 2021, its portion of e-commerce sales is expected to reach 54 percent.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The establishment of an e-commerce Web site enables a firm to reach new customers in new markets.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">By eliminating or reducing time-consuming and labor-intensive steps through-</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">out the order and delivery process, more sales can be completed in the same</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">period and with increased accuracy.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-0" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">E-commerce Challenges &nbsp;Pg 327-332, 334-335</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Dealing with Consumer Privacy Concerns</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">“</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Identity theft</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;occurs when someone steals your personal information and uses it without your permission.”44</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Overcoming Consumers’ Lack of Trust</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Demonstrate a strong desire to build an ongoing relationship with</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">customers by giving first-time price incentives, offering loyalty programs,</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">or eliciting and sharing customer feedback.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Demonstrate that the company has been in business for a long time.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Make it clear that considerable investment has been made in the Web site.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Provide brand endorsements from well-known experts or well-respected</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">individuals.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2" start="5" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Demonstrate participation in appropriate regulatory programs or</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">industry associations.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2" start="6" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Display Web site accreditation by the Better Business Bureau Online or TRUSTe programs.</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Overcoming Global Issues</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Cultural challenges.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Language challenges.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Time and distance challenges.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Infrastructure challenges.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Currency challenges.</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">State, regional, and national law challenges.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">E-Commerce and M-Commerce Applications</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Wholesale E-Commerce</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Manufacturing</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">electronic exchange</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, an electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Marketing</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">market segmentation,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;divides the pool of potential customers into subgroups usually defined in terms of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, income level, and geographic location.</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Advertising</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_gg4lvaymafbm-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Bartering</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Investment and Finance</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Banking</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Online shopping</span></li></ul><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-0" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Strategies for successful E-commerce and M-commerce Pg 341-345</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Defining the Functions of a Web Site</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Obtaining general information about the organization</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Obtaining financial information for making an investment decision in the organization</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Learning the organization’s position on social issues</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Learning about the products or services that the organization sells</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Buying the products or services that the company offers</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Checking the status of an order</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Getting advice or help on effective use of the products</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Registering a complaint about the organization’s products</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Registering a complaint concerning the organization’s position on social</span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">issues</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2" start="10" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Providing a product testimonial or an idea for product improvement or a</span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">new product</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-2" start="11" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Obtaining information about warranties or service and repair policies for products</span></li><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:-9pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:117pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">• Obtaining contact information for a person or department in the</span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">organization</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">a </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">storefront broker</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, a business that serves as an intermediary between your Web site and online merchants who have the actual products and retail expertise.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">search engine optimization: </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The process of maximizing the number</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">of visitors to your Web site using the quality and quantity of terms/links on</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">your Web page that match common Internet searches.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_12-1" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Personalization</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the process of tailoring Web pages to specifically target individual consumers.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Chapter 10. Enterprise Systems</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Enterprise Systems Pg 376-381</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">An </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">enterprise system</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is central to individuals and organizations of all sizes</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and ensures that information can be shared with authorized users across all</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">business functions and at all levels of management to support the running</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and managing of a business.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-1" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a set of integrated programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an entire organization</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Advantages of an ERP</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Improved Access to Quality Data for Operational Decision Making</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">the systems can support decisions on optimal sourcing or cost accounting for the entire enterprise or business units. With an ERP system, data is integrated from the start, eliminating</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">AI Generated Insights and the Human-Machine Learning Partnership</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">One of the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning is the</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ability to identify unique patterns, correlations, and anomalies within a vast</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">amount of diverse data.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">AI still lacks outside context on the importance of those patterns, including an understanding of how an organization should act on that data.</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Elimination of Costly, Inflexible Legacy Systems</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Improvement of Work Processes</span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-1 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">these </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">best practices</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, the most efficient and effective ways to complete a business process.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></li></ul><ul class="lst-kix_72rgm5yxkdbn-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Opportunity to Upgrade and Standardize Technology Infrastructure</span></li></ul><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-0" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Supply chain Management Pg 381</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">An organization can use an ERP system within a manufacturing organization to</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">support what is known as </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">supply chain management (SCM),</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;which includes</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">planning, executing, and controlling all activities involved in raw material</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">sourcing and procurement, conversion of raw materials to finished products,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and the warehousing and delivery of finished product to customers.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">sales forecasting to develop an estimate of future customer demand.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">sales and operations plan (S&amp;OP) takes demand and current inventory levels into account and determines the specific product items that</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">need to be produced as well as when to meet the forecast future demand.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Demand management refines the production plan by determining the</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">amount of weekly or daily production needed to meet the demand</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Detailed scheduling uses the production </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">plan defined by the demand</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">management process to develop a de &nbsp;ok tailed production schedule that specifies</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">production scheduling details such as which item to produce first and when</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">production should be switched from one item to another.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Materials requirement planning (MRP) determines the amount and timing</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">for placing raw material orders with suppliers.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Purchasing uses the information from MRP to place purchase orders for</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">raw materials with qualified suppliers.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Production uses the high-level production schedule to plan the details of</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">running and staffing the production operation.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_m3npf0e18hqp-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Sales ordering is the set of activities that must be performed to capture a</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">customer sales order.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-0" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Customer relationship management Pg 383</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;customer relationship management (CRM)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;system helps a company manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing, sales, distribution, accounting, and customer service.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 316.13px; height: 372.50px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe7VFEAkAFrQljc1FMJKv9QFevOYJghNHdWT9xFlilSKMzUcQeczU8J7LKVEa9fQo9wcRKt0sgSwHGmTCatUYnOzwpmUYB86VJo8YD52DyxPzvs1AeFSR_AOd93FyS8kVxOvR5m5_IJ034z=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 316.13px; height: 372.50px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The key features of a CRM system include the following:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Contact management.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;The ability to track data on individual customers</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and sales leads and then access that data from any part of the organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Sales management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">. The ability to organize data about customers and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">sales leads and then to prioritize the potential sales opportunities and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">identify appropriate next steps.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Customer support.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;The ability to support customer service representatives so that they can quickly, thoroughly, and appropriately address customer requests and resolve customer issues while collecting and storing</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">data about those interactions.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Marketing automation</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">. The ability to capture and analyze all customer</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">interactions, generate appropriate responses, and gather data to create</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and build effective and efficient marketing campaigns.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Analysis.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;The ability to analyze customer data to identify ways to</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">increase revenue and decrease costs, identify the firm’s “best customers,”</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and determine how to retain and find more of them.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Social networking.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;The ability to create and join sites such as Facebook</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and Instagram, where the company can make contacts with potential</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">customers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Access by mobile devices</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">. The ability to access Web-based customer</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">relationship management software by smartphones, tablets, and other</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">mobile devices.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic">• Import contact data</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">. The ability for users to import contact data from</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">various data service providers that can be downloaded for free directly</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">into the CRM application.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-0" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none">Product life cycle management Pg 385-389</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Product lifecycle management (PLM)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is an enterprise business strategy that</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">creates a common repository of product information and processes to support</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">packaging definition information.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Product lifecycle management (PLM) software</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;provides a means for man-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">aging the data and processes associated with the various phases of the product</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">lifecycle, including sales and marketing, research and development, concept development, product design, prototyping and testing, manufacturing process design,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">production and assembly, delivery and product installation, service and support,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and product retirement and replacement.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 411.50px; height: 342.92px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe2cvDgzIM6bbIGb7Q1toVfE4qLWqvAbtSTX6gErYfplVIjhXGxs08RC2536Oj492vR9RL_OB37PSYvZsgyoZheWqcdYbEyEOeNy2IrU55rJqHpWgcUrwE4XXLk2TfMKG7n7OQ43UhxwWqZ=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 411.50px; height: 342.92px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Computer-aided design (CAD)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the use of software to assist in the creation, analysis, and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">modification of the design of a component or product.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Computer-aided engineering (CAE)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the use of software to analyze the robustness and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">performance of components and assemblies.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Discrete manufacturing </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is the production of distinct items such as autos, airplanes, furniture, or toys that can be decomposed back into their basic components.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Process manufacturing</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the production of products—such as soda, laundry detergent, gasoline, and pharmaceutical drugs—that are the result of a chemical process; these products cannot be easily decomposed back into their basic components.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 213.33px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdZy8saDbQKmkvRkMT6KGHizX0j4TYwhPP8J7y-cR9pYBFVPwfdJPntrrCtVgih7LXzBAZjeLLb8CiT_uRyyPsQROxClSUjQrQlJmVGLf3uU3mnMGHtyzIs1X44fBEH4HfjL_xU2EBZGTdE=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 624.00px; height: 213.33px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 333.33px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdD6F2CieFdtgIShe1RhBneqayUWtvFE3nKaeFTvb1eBH5hpC0OaFHa_6aoQn7nyJ_SzE0_83mWIPwuO88elOKdvZZUvXymf7E2vPSaLbZosLBguenmdrSp4DmmtJ8EfpZ-t1KfDZ-fTLE=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 624.00px; height: 333.33px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-0" start="5" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none">Hosted software model Pg 391</span></li></ol><ol class="lst-kix_list_14-1 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 527.50px; height: 222.68px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXd-YBvJG2MURGWUSWDuiRbhrZnyzie6wpJZFusyEzyaQQMAo9sHZvoF-gXl6lN1lVj7Gsmv9uNyJbZ35WuCkkQ5t1e_Ix2gKeN_5dr_jnDlUsEF57qnQwKWujDXSVT4oSYpgXdtjegSG7DL=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 527.50px; height: 222.68px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:700">Chapter 12 Strategic Planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">.</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_15-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:54pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Strategic Planning Pg 450 -457</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Strategic planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a process that helps managers identify desired outcomes and formulate feasible plans to achieve their objectives by using available resources and capabilities.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The following is a set of frequently cited benefits of strategic planning:</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Provides a framework and a 3clearly defined direction to guide decision</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">making at all levels throughout the organization</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Ensures the most effective use is made of the organization’s resources by</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">focusing those resources on agreed-upon key priorities</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Enables the organization to be proactive and take advantage of opportunities and trends, rather than passively reacting to them</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Enables all organizational units to participate and work together toward</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">accomplishing a common set of goals</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Provides a set of measures for judging organizational and personnel performance</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Improves communication among management and the board of directors, shareholders, and other interested parties</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Issues-based strategic planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;begins by identifying and analyzing key issues facing the organization, setting strategies to address those issues, and identifying projects and initiatives that are consistent with those strategies.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Organic strategic planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;defines the organization’s vision and values and then identifies projects and initiatives to achieve the vision while adhering to the values.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Goals-based strategic planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a multiphase strategic planning process</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">that involves analyzing an organization and its environment, defining strategies, and executing initiatives to help an organization meet its long-term goals and objectives.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Analyze Situation</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, which identifies the bargain-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ing power of suppliers and buyers, the threat of new entrants and substitute</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">products, and the existing industry competitors, which determine the level of</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">competition and long-term profitability of an industry</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 415.50px; height: 255.69px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcpSLpNfD2LnfAPWvH12c_KOwlgQBHygz3h3zVwpEIvACvZrk1ookndOIGSAFrozCPWNDW5Pqyrrf_ZU-YUO997D4PXPJW6Pz-PpfUWqT-mV--qv0pSu_kxlR4klB6UtpEW85SRKSYN_Eo=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 415.50px; height: 255.69px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">1. The threat of new competitors will raise the level of competition. Entry</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">barriers determine the relative threat of new competitors. These barriers</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">include the capital required to enter the industry and the cost to customers</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">to switch to a competitor.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">2. The threat of substitute products can lower the profitability of industry</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">competitors. The willingness of buyers to switch products and the relative</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">cost and performance of substitutes are key factors in this threat.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">3. The bargaining power of buyers determines prices and long-term prof-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">itability. This bargaining power is stronger when there are relatively few</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">buyers but many sellers in the industry or when the products offered are</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">all essentially the same.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">4. The bargaining power of suppliers can significantly affect the industry’s</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">profitability. Suppliers have strong bargaining power in industries that have</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">many buyers and only a few dominant suppliers and in industries that do</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">not represent a key customer group for suppliers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Ok</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">5. The degree of rivalry between competitors is high in industries with many</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">equally sized competitors or little differentiation between products.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Threats (SWOT) matrix,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;a simple way to illustrate what the company</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is doing well, where it can improve, what opportunities are available, and what</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">environmental factors threaten the future of the organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 595.00px; height: 241.00px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdZkYuN_BcODSL9oWwaOzaghQw4J-iTf8fEAJzknBXp4b6FjsOLTSXmk6iRg27O3gb1H6p2tbs52t9rZG_phvWwjCuIkEsod3_UwdW8qrrzJGwhW87vHkdhMM9sJ5SozXqhNPbyBxZeaHmD=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 595.00px; height: 241.00px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Set Direction</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">a</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;vision/mission statement</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;that communicates an organization’s overarching aspirations to guide it through changing objectives, goals, and strategies.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">mission statement</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;concisely defines the organization’s fundamental purpose for existing.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The organization’s </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">vision</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a concise statement of what the organization intends to achieve in the future.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">What marks a good vision:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• It motivates and inspires.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• It is easy to communicate, simple to understand, and memorable.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• It is challenging and yet achievable and moves the organization toward</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">greatness.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;core value </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is a widely accepted principle that guides how people behave</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and make decisions in the organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">objective</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;as a statement of a compelling business need that an organization must meet to achieve its vision and mission.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">goal</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a specific result that must be achieved to reach an objective.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The SMART acronym stands for:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Specific. Specific goals have a much greater chance of being understood</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and accomplished than vague goals. Specific goals use action verbs and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">specify who, what, when, where, and why.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Measurable. Goals that are measurable include numeric or descriptive</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">measures that define criteria such as quantity, quality, and cost so that</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">progress toward meeting the goal can be determined.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Achievable. Goals should be ambitious yet realistic and attainable. Goals</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">that are either completely out of reach or below standard performance</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">are worthless and demotivating.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Relevant. Goals should strongly contribute to the mission of the depart-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ment, why else expend the effort?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Time constrained. A time limit should be set to reach the goal to help</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">define the priority to assign to meeting the goal.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">strategy</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;describes how an organization will achieve its vision, mission,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">objectives, and goals.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Projects</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;are temporary endeavors that create an actionable plan, allowing organizations to achieve their goals and objectives.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Define Strategies</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• How can we best capitalize on our strengths and use them to their full</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">potential?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• How do we reduce or eliminate the negative impact of our weaknesses?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Which opportunities represent the best opportunities for our organization?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• How can we exploit these opportunities?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Will our strengths enable us to make the most of this opportunity?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Will our weaknesses undermine our ability to capitalize on this</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">opportunity?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• How can we defend against threats to achieve our vision/mission, objectives, and goals?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Can we turn this threat into an opportunity?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Deploy Plan</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The strategic plan defines objectives for an organization, establishes SMART</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">goals, and sets strategies on how to reach those goals.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_15-0" start="2" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:54pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Setting the information system organizational strategy Pg 459-462</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Setting the Information System Organizational Strategy</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 196.00px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfdgRm34yD2DykVPdS11RE7SoHTJGbR1vD_VMQB5qfDdbAk1hvxWK-PB7i9JHZxty4NLrPLIegG6ucwMeQXEMOLdTfSoIAFnj0Ecd_SSRcnjXhBQ_0ofMsPaOJXHpSOginGeYoZ68HRhCke=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 624.00px; height: 196.00px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Identifying IS Projects and Initiatives</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 301.33px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfKOP6eoZyD8e7I9y9oiPTGDjnCyQpMrFTrvyFG6hTlY6OlWW9jYbhj_cFoKkn1BcbF72jc328kt3S3dV6oggsLkweh1APB_E9wTIPA3pwW0-Luvcd6IIRa8M8DHf_ktJkFkSFNaIq_iOqn=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 624.00px; height: 301.33px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Prioritizing IS Projects and Initiatives</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#980000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">1. First and foremost, each viable project must relate to a specific organizational goal.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">2. </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Tangible benefit</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">s can be measured directly and assigned a monetary value.</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;Intangible benefits</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;cannot directly be measured and cannot easily be quantified in monetary terms.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">3. What kinds of costs (hardware, software, personnel, consultants, etc.) are</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">associated with the project, and what is the likely total cost of the effort</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">over multiple years?</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">4. Preliminary costs and benefits are weighed to see if the project has an</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">attractive rate of return.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">5. Risk is another factor to consider.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">6. Some projects enable other projects.Therefore, some sequencing of projects must be considered.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">7. Is the organization capable of taking on this project?</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_15-0" start="3" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:54pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Innovation and change in the organization Pg 463-468</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Innovation</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Innovation is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activi-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ties of a firm, leading to increased value.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Reengineering</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">, also called </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">process redesign</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;and </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">business process</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">reengineering (BPR),</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves the radical redesign of business processes,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organiza-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">tion to achieve a breakthrough in business results.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">continuous improvement </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">a form of innovation that involves constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#980000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#980000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Organizational Culture and Change</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Culture</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">such as within an ethnic group or a country.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Organizational culture</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;consists of the major understandings and assumptions for an organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Organizational change</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;deals with how organizations successfully plan for,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">implement, and handle change.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The so-called </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">soft side of implementing change</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">work designed to help employees embrace a new information system and way</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">of working.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A c</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">hange model</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;represents change theories by identifying the</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">phases of change and the best way to implement them.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#980000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">technology acceptance model (TAM)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the use of a new information system, along with its higher acceptance and usage.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;diffusion of innovation theory</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;was developed by E.M. Rogers to explain</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">a specific population or subset of an organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 221.33px;"><img alt="" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeSPTTpHxk_iRdzuZsVq3Qe8uYRT6IGpugrubmes9dPwQxYZ6BIyobScxWGd2VBM8svNwlufMJKCh_C4vb3g49p8x7Ilia722BgOpF2KmYkVeqdsFqwzb1bC-4VWvUXGMBEfrrbP3ucCdI=s800?key=Hs95T0hprm2G_QcFBhlWUkqU" style="width: 624.00px; height: 221.33px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">project </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, ser-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">vice, or result.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">the term </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">core competency</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;means something that a firm can do well and that provides customer benefits, is hard for competitors to imitate, and can be leveraged widely to many products and markets.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_list_15-0" start="4" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:54pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Review project Management topics from this chapter.</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">What Is Project Management?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Project management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the application of knowledge, skills, and techniques to</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">project activities to meet project requirements.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">project stakeholders</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">—the people involved in the project or those affected by its outcome.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#ff0000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Project Management Knowledge Areas</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Scope management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;includes defining the work that must be done as part</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">of the project and then controlling the work to stay within the agreed-upon scope.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Schedule management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;includes defining an achievable completion date that is</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">acceptable to the project stakeholders, developing a workable project schedule,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and ensuring the timely completion of the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">project schedule</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">identifies the project activities that must be completed, the expected start and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">end dates, and what resources are assigned to each task.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">project milestone</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a critical date for completing a major part of the project, such as program design, coding, testing, and release (for a programming project).</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">project deadline</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is the date the entire project should be completed and operational—when the organization can expect to begin to reap the benefits of the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Each activity is also allocated </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">slack time</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">, which is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">critical path</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;of a project consists of the set of project activities that, if delayed, would delay the entire project. These activities have zero slack time.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Gantt chart</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a graphical tool used for planning, monitoring, and coordinating projects; it is essentially a grid drawn on a timescale that lists activities and deadlines.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">work breakdown structure (WBS)</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is an outline of the work to be done to complete the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">All </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">predecessor tasks</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;are identified—these are tasks that must be completed before a later task can begin.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">network diagram</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;displays the relationships among all the project’s tasks and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">will help determine the length of the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Cost management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;includes developing and managing the project budget.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Quality management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a set of activities designed to ensure that a project</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">will meet the needs for which it was undertaken.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Quality planning</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves determining which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how they will be met.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Quality assurance</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves evaluating the progress of the project on an ongoing basis to ensure ffthat it meets the identified quality standards.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Quality control</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves checking project results to ensure that they</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">meet identified quality standards.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Project resource management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is a set of activities designed to identify,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">acquire, and manage resources for a project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A useful model to describe how teams develop and evolve is the </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">forming-storming-norming-performing adjourning model</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">a</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;project steering team</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">—made up of senior managers representing the business and IS organizations—to provide guidance and support to the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:90pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The three key members of the steering team include: (1) the p</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">roject champion</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">who is a well-respected manager with a passion to see the project succeed</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">and who removes barriers to the success of the project; (2) the </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">project</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">sponso</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">r, who is a senior manager from the business unit most affected by</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">the project and who ensures the project will indeed meet the needs of his</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">or her organization; and (3) the IS manager, who ensures proper IS staff-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ing for the project and ensures the project uses approved technology and vendors.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A</span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;subject matter expert</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is someone who provides knowledge and expertise in a particular</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">aspect important to the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">technical resource</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is essentially a subject matter expert in an IS topic of value to the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Communications management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves the generation, collection, dissemi nation, and storage of project information in a timely and effective manner.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Project risk</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;is an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or a negative effect on a project objective.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">a deliberate and systematic process of </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">risk managemen</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">t to identify, analyze, and manage</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">project risks.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">risk owner </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is responsible for developing a risk manage ment strategy and monitoring the project to determine if the risk is about to occur or has occurred.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Procurement management </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is a set of activities related to the acquisition of</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">goods and/or services for a project from sources outside the performing organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Procurement management processes</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Plan purchase and acquisition. This process determines what is needed</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and when.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Plan contracting. This process documents requirements for products</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">and services and identifies potential providers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Request seller responses. This process obtains bids, information, pro-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">posals, or quotations from potential providers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Select seller. During this process, offers are reviewed, the preferred pro-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">vider is identified, and negotiations are started.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Contract administration. This process manages all aspects of the con-</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">tract and the relationship between the buyer and the provider. The</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">process includes tracking and documenting the provider’s performance,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">managing contract changes, and taking any necessary corrective actions.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">• Contract closure. This process completes and settles the terms of any</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">contracts, including resolving any open items.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The </span><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">make-or-buy decision</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;involves comparing the</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">pros and cons of in-house production versus outsourcing of a given product</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">or service.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">3 contract types</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-0 start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Fixed-price contract. </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">With this type of contract, the buyer and provider agree to a total fixed price for a well-defined product or service.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Cost-reimbursable contract.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;This type of contract requires the buyer</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">to pay the provider an amount that covers the provider’s actual costs</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">plus an additional amount or percentage for profit.</span></p><ul class="lst-kix_9lg2m0tr8t21-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Time and material contract.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;Under this type of contract, the buyer pays</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">the provider for both the time and materials required to complete the contract.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Project integration management</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;requires the coordination</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">of all appropriate people, resources, plans, knowledge, and efforts to complete a project successfully.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#00ffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Stakeholder management</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">is a set of activities that involves identifying, engaging, communicating with</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">all the people, groups, or organizations who are or could be impacted by a</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Chapters R1, R2, R3,R5 and R6. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Plan on 3 questions from each of the chapters. &nbsp;(Exam 1 Study material)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Chapters S1, S3, S5, S6 &amp; S7 </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Plan on 3 questions from each of the chapters. (Exam 2 Study material)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Quiz Chapter 1</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_hxoyghhvwef9-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">When an IS organization is viewed as a game changer: </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">their strategic planning process is outwardly focused and involves meeting with customers, suppliers, and leading IS consultants and vendors to answer questions like “What do you want to be?” </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A successful IS manager recognizes that sustaining a competitive advantage ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Means evolving to account for changes in customer needs.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">In a large IS organization, the professional who is responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of the organization's systems and data is the ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Information systems security analyst. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">New technology innovations rarely influence an organization’s information system strategic plan since it is so strongly determined by corporate strategy. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Managers can help their organizations gain __ through cost leadership, differentiation, or focus. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A competitive advantage. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">___ are people who work directly with information systems to get results. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">End Users.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Suppose you need to advise someone about getting a certification. Which of the following will be appropriate advice? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Certifications are often vendor-specific. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Organizations use processes, procedures, and differentiation strategies to introduce new systems into the workplace in a manner that lowers stress, encourages homework, and increases the probability of a successful implementation.</span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;False. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Corporate strategy, business unit strategies, innovative thinking, and technology innovations are all ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Drivers that set information systems organizational strategy.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The process that helps managers identify initiatives and projects that will achieve organizational objectives is known as ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Strategic planning.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The concept of a value chain is not significant to organizations unless they manufacture products. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A senior IS manager implements a vendor managed inventory system that reduces both the administrative costs of managing inventory and inventory holding costs. What business strategy does this represent? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Cost leadership</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A high-level IS manager has his firm utilize sophisticated information systems to digitally design its products so that design defects can be detected and removed early in the process, reducing development cost. What business strategy does this represent? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Cost leadership.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A strategic plan of an IS must identify those technologies, vendors, competencies, people, systems and projects in which an organization will invest to support the corporate and business unit strategies. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Managers of the business functions most affected by the new information system have a key responsibility to ensure that the people, processes, and human structure components are fully addressed. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">True.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Santiago’s IS organization developed a mobile app that allows salespeople to include images of how a customer’s bathroom would look with new tiles installed when they generate a quote for a customer. Santiago’s IS organization is viewed as a ____. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Game changer. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Tim relies on his solid analytical and decision making skills when converting a program design he receives from Minnie, the system analyst, to a working program written in one of the languages used at his firm. Who is Tim? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A programmer.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">One benefit of strategic planning is that it enables the most effective use of organizations resources by ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Focusing them on agreed on key priorities</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">If an IS organization is viewed as a cost center/service provider, its strategic planning process is typically directed inward and focused on determining how to do what it is currently doing but doing it cheaper, faster and better. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">In a manufacturing organization, the supply chain is a key value chain whose primary activities include all of the following EXCEPT: </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">finance and accounting. </span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Quiz Chapter 2</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_8w1ut5r76fpe-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following activities does the USA Patriot Act define? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Cyberterrorism.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A hacker writes some programming code that will cause a computer to behave in an unexpected manner, but disguises it as something else to make it difficult to detect. Which attack vector has this attacker chosen to use? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Virus. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A hacktivist is someone who ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Hacks computers or Web sites in an attempt to promote political ideology. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Discovery of a vulnerability in a software program can potentially be sold to the government. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A strong security program begins by assessing the backgrounds of the employees in the organization. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">False.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">What is an attack vector? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The technique used to gain unauthorized access to a device or a network.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A health insurance firm is hit by a successful cyberattack. The value of the assets stolen or damaged due to cyberattack is considered __. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The direct impact of cyberattack.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Downloading games from unknown websites can be risky. The software may be a trojan horse. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">True.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Any Internet traffic that is not explicitly permitted into the internal network is denied entry through a firewall. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">What discipline combines elements of law and computer science to identify, collect, examine and preserve data from computer systems, networks, and storage devices in a manner that preserves the integrity of data gathered so that it is admissible as evidence in a court of law.</span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;Computer forensics. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The US-Cert incident reporting system is used to ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Alert the Department of Homeland Security about information security incidents.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">An attack that takes place before the security community and/or software developers become aware of and fix a security vulnerability is called a zero-day attack. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Once a ___ is installed, the attacker can gain full access to the computer. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Rootkit.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Someone who violates computer or Internet security maliciously or for illegal personal gain is known as an ___. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Lone wolf attacker.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Transmitting a program, code, or command that causes harm to a computer is a crime. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">You see a deceptive pop-up that says your computer is infected, and then you are forced to visit a website where you pay for “computer clean-up” in order to access data from your hard drive. You have just become a victim of ransomware. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">When a computer security incident occurs, it is recommended that the organizations NOT reveal all they know in public forums.</span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">&nbsp;True.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp; </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">When you receive a text message that there is a problem with your bank account and you are required to clock on a link to submit some information, you are likely facing a vishing attack. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A data breach at your business resulted in the loss of some customer data. Several angry customers have filed charges. What is the recommended course of action to prepare for future events? </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Activate the forensics analysis team and prepare documentation. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Someone who attempts to destroy the infrastructure components of governments is known as a __. </span><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Cyberterrorists. </span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Quiz Chapter 3</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_26rlrnsbeps3-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to anonymous expression is protected by _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">the First Amendment</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A candidate for political office makes a campaign promise that she will work to stop the unlawful storage of personal data, eliminate the storage of inaccurate personal data, and prevent the abuse or unauthorized disclosure of such data. She is promising to promote _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">fair information practices</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Graydon noticed Jack, his friend and classmate, cheating on a physics exam and now he is trying to decide what to do about it. He knows he could keep quiet about it, but that would violate his moral values, plus the school's code of ethics requires students to report incidents of cheating. On the other hand, if he reports the incident, both his friend and probably all of their other friends will be mad at him. In which phase of the ethical decision-making process is Graydon? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">choosing an alternative</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A professional _____ states the principles and core values that an organization wishes to develop in its leaders and members and therefore defines desired behavior in these individuals. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">code of ethics</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following is a good problem statement with which to begin the ethical decision-making process? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Employee morale has declined by 15% based on survey data, and the reported cause is favoritism in granting time off requests and assigning work tasks.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following legislation is directed at Web sites catering to children and requires Web site owners to obtain parental consent before they collect any personal information from children under 13 years old? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Children's Online Privacy Protection Act</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Although Roberta had signed a form preventing her doctor from sharing her personal medical records with the company she worked for, she later discovered that the doctor's office had, in fact, shared her data with her health insurance provider and her employer, which caused her to be terminated. Because the doctor's practice violated its own privacy policy, she was able to file a lawsuit under the ________. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">In recent years, laws have been added or amended to expand the scope of government surveillance in reaction to _____.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;technological developments and potential terrorists threats</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">_____ involves publishing an intentionally false written statement that is damaging to a person's or an organization's reputation. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Libel</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The pages on a university's website are maintained by individual departments and organizational units. It is a useful policy to require that every change a user makes to his department pages be reviewed and approved. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Developing safety-critical systems is more expensive than developing high-quality systems because _____.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;less extreme measures are taken to remove software defects from high-quality systems</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Software developers have created filtering software that blocks children from viewing inappropriate or harmful Internet sites at home or school, but to date developers have been unsuccessful in creating similar software for use in the workplace. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Which of the following legislation protects Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking organizations from defamation suits in connection with posts made by their users? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Harold is thinking about setting up profiles on Facebook and Twitter. Which of the following information should he avoid sharing on these social media platforms? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">his place of birth</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Which legislation helps to combat the growing crime of identity theft? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Which of the following will prevent a product from being rated as a high-quality software system? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">software defects</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">The term </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">ethics</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">&nbsp;refers to the set of principles about what is right and wrong that individuals use to make choices, whereas the term </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:italic;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">law</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">&nbsp;refers to a system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Which of the following is a provision of the USA PATRIOT Act? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">authorization of "sneak and peak warrants" for law enforcement agencies</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">The Better Business Bureau recommends that an organization publish a privacy notice on its Web site that addresses all of the following elements </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">EXCEPT</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">&nbsp;________. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Selling</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#2d3b45;font-weight:400">Following a professional code of ethics can improve ethical decision making because _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">it provides a common set of core values practitioners can use as a guideline</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Quiz Chapter 4</span></p><ol class="lst-kix_248hiss893bh-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">What is the term for the awareness and understanding that are required to define relationships among raw facts by organizing and processing them? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Knowledge</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">How is data governance different from data management? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Data governance is the core component of data management.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Today, due to security concerns, most organizations avoid the database approach to data management, where multiple information systems share a pool of related data. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A database administrator (DBA) must have a clear understanding of the fundamental business of an organization, be proficient in the use of selected database management systems, and stay abreast of emerging technologies and new design approaches.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A collection of data fields that are all related to one object, activity, or individual is called a file. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">When rules and relationships are set up to organize raw facts, creating value beyond that of those individual facts, this produces _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Information</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A data governance team puts in place a set of controls and audit procedures in order to _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">ensure ongoing compliance with organizational data policies and government regulations</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following statements is true of a database? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">It helps companies analyze information to identify new market opportunities.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">What integrated set of functions defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified fit for use, stored, secured, and processed in such a way as to ensure that the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of the data meet the needs of the data users within an organization? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">data management</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">_____ is an approach that starts by investigating the general data and information needs of an organization at the strategic level and then examines more specific data and information needs for the functional areas and departments within the organization. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Enterprise data modeling</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">_____ is a special-purpose programming language for accessing and manipulating data stored in a relational database.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;Structured Query Language (SQL)</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Rigorous management processes are needed to govern data in order to _____.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;inform key business decisions with high-quality data</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A database must reflect the business processes of an organization. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A database management system (DBMS) serves as an interface between an application program and a database. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Two collections of attributes can have a common primary key. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Penelope decides to enroll in Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), which allows her to set up and operate her choice of a MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL database in the cloud. What kind of service is Amazon RDS? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">database as a service </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">It is possible to restrict access to data depending on the database user's privileges.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">To ensure reliability and integrity, SQL databases conform to four specific properties. Which of the following is NOT one of those four properties?</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;Currency</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">One of the primary advantages of a relational database is that it allows tables to be linked to reduce data redundancy and allow data to be organized more logically. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A database, a database management system, and the application programs that create and access the databases make up a database environment. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700">True.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;</span></li></ol><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#f4cccc;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Quiz Chapter 5</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><ol class="lst-kix_7j6t8qeammca-0 start" start="1" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Roberta's IS team processes data using an in-memory database with a multiple-core CPU. This means that _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">They can process large amounts of data rapidly</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Mollie has observed that her company's leadership lacks a strong commitment to data-driven decision making. As a result, when she learns that her company will be initiating a business intelligence and analytics program, she anticipates that _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Her company will miss out on the real value of their BI and analytics</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Jan is using her firm's data warehouse. If she is starting from monthly sales data, and wishes to get weekly sales data, she should use the ___ feature. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Drill down</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Suppose you are good at math and statistics. Adding programming to your skill-set will likely be necessary if you want to be a data scientist. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True. </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The graphical representation that summarizes the steps a consumer takes in making the decision to buy your product and become a customer is called _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A conversion funnel</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Data mining is used to explore large amounts of data, looking for hidden patterns that can be used to predict future trends and behaviors.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;True</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Suppose you have access to quantitative data on populations by ZIP code and crime rates. You wish to determine if there is a relationship between the two variables and display the results in a graph. Which BI tool will be most useful? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">data visualization tool</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Haley's employer has asked her to review a database containing thousands of social media posts about their company's products and extract the data the executive team needs to make decisions about these products and their marketing. In terms of the characteristics of big data, Haley is focusing on ________. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Value</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following is NOT considered a component of business intelligence?</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;data transaction processing</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A marketing manager who does not have deep knowledge of information systems or data science will NOT be able to use BI and analytics tools.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Users still need help from the IT function of the organization to create customer reports using modern reporting tools. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Marina is a data scientist at a large financial corporation, and therefore she _____.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;aims to uncover insights that will influence organizational decisions</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Data scientists do not need much business domain knowledge. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">To identify and make predictions about various alternative scenarios, a manager would use _______. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">simulation techniques</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">A hospital system that wants to utilize big data can use HIPAA regulations to help them _____.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;identify which data needs to be protected from unauthorized access</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Suppose your employer has four manufacturing units, each with its own data operations. They are considering using BI and analytics tools. Which of the following is a valid recommendation regarding the BI and analytics initiative?</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;Ensure that an effective company-wide data management program, including data governance, is in place.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">What determines the size of words in a word cloud?</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;frequency of occurrence of the word in source documents </span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">You are to advise XYZ Corporation so that their BI and analytics efforts are fruitful. Which among the following is the most crucial advice of all? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Management must have a strong commitment to data-driven decision making.</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which of the following is NOT a component required for effective BI and analytics? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">well-maintained NoSQL databases</span></li><li style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;margin-top:0;orphans:2;margin-bottom:0;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Creative data scientists--a key component of BI efforts in an organization--are people who are primarily focused on coming up with novel ways of analyzing data.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">&nbsp;False </span></li></ol><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.1500000000000001;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal">Ch 8 quiz</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A positive development for public, private, and hybrid cloud computing environments is the emerging ability of IT systems to manage themselves and adapt to changes in the computing environment, business policies, and operating objectives. This ability is known as _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">autonomic computing</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Clara has a device that responds to her voice commands by reviewing her calendar appointments, performing search queries, and playing streaming music. This is an example of a(n) _____. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">smart speaker</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">_____ refers to a computing environment where software and storage are provided as an Internet service and accessed with a Web browser</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">.Cloud computing</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">An estimated 84 percent of enterprises now use cloud computing solutions involving multiple clouds, whereas less than 10 percent of large organizations employ just a single public cloud.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which benefit of public cloud computing results when service providers operate multiple data centers distributed geographically and save multiple copies of data on different machines? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Increased redundancy</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Tesla and Google have been pioneers in developing IoT devices that analyze data from the cloud and from on-board cameras and sensors to determine when to speed up, slow down, change lanes, or turn while moving. What are these devices called</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Autonomous vehicles</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which type of cloud computing environment is most suitable for an organization that wants to run applications with stringent compliance requirements on-premises while running applications with fluctuating capacity needs on a service provider's cloud?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Hybrid</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Purple Pie Man's Bakery has entered an agreement with Amazon whereby the bakery's database system resides on Amazon's hardware and employees access it through the Internet. In this scenario, Purple Pie Man's Bakery is _____. A </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">tenant of amazon</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Mavis asks her mobile carrier's representative how the upcoming rollout of 5G technology will affect smartphones that can use it. The representative explains that smartphones that operate on 5G networks will _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">support enhanced augmented and virtual reality experiences</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">In which common approach to cloud computing does a service provider organization own and manage the infrastructure for client organizations that access slices of shared resources?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Public cloud</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Retailers can automatically monitor customers while they are shopping, analyze trends, and send them customized offers by using streaming data from sensors that detect the customers' behavior. What type of IoT application is this?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">control and react</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Security is a serious issue with IoT applications because _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">they can expose internal systems to hacking, viruses, and malware</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Marion is an IoT developer working for a large organization. Why does his supervisor want him to stay informed about the network upgrades that major mobile carriers are currently making?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">5G availability is expected to quickly increase as these upgrades proceed.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Sensors that can monitor and report data about traffic and parking conditions via the Internet are part of a network of physical objects known as the Internet of Technology.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following takes automation to a deep, broad level--one where interconnectivity between various devices exists in a way it never did before?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Internet of Things</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Rosie, an office manager, recommends that her company transition to the public cloud because the office building is located in a tornado-prone area and has experienced property damage several times in the past as a result. She reasons that this move will _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">guarantee continuity of operations even if the office is damaged by a tornado</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which type of IoT application relies on individual devices that each gather a small amount of data and enables manual monitoring using simple threshold-based exception alerting?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Connect and monitor</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Like many other firms, Zulily, an online retailer, experienced both improved performance and increased costs after migrating several core business processes to a public cloud service platform.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Smart cars _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">have sensors that monitor objects in the car's blind spots and at the front and rear of the car</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Ryan's power goes out while he is watching his favorite sport, but comes back on within 10 minutes. This is because his electrical utilities provider used sensor data to predict when a local power line was about to fail and took quick corrective action. This is an example of which benefit of the application of IoT to an organization?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">improved customer service and experience</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Ch 9</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Suppose a retailer who has no technology expertise wishes to set up an online presence for his business. Which option will likely be the fastest and least expensive route?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">outsourcing his Web development</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">An electronic exchange is an electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">In which of the following forms of e-commerce is the seller most likely to offer a customized product offering to a potential buyer?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Bartering is a technique used by advertisers to recapture shoppers who abandoned a Web site without making a purchase.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">What must Web site operators constantly monitor to provide a good experience to their Internet shoppers?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">traffic and response times experienced by visitors</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">An organization may use buy-side e-commerce to purchase goods and services from its suppliers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">In 1992, the Supreme Court ruled that online retailers must collect sales taxes even in states where they lack a physical presence.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Why was it necessary for companies to reengineer their e-commerce Web sites for m-commerce?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Mobile devices provide small user interfaces.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Smart card use is restricted to data associated with financial transactions.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following factors is NOT one of the main reasons Web developers must often rewrite existing Web applications for mobile devices?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">PIC security standard requirements</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The market for m-commerce in has matured much more quickly in North America than in Western Europe and Japan.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The sales process for a typical business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce transaction is shorter than that for a typical consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce transaction.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">_____ divides the pool of potential customers into subgroups that are usually defined in terms of demographic characteristics.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Market segmentation</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">_____ is a subset of e-commerce that involves electronic transactions between consumers using a third party to facilitate the process.</span></p><p style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Correct answer:</span></p><p style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.25;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal">Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Implicit personalization techniques capture user-provided information, such as information from warranties, surveys, user registrations, and contest-entry forms completed online.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">PayPal enables any person or business with an e-mail address to securely, easily, and quickly send and receive payments online.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Because of ____ e-commerce sites, anyone can become a merchant online.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">C2C</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Consortium-operated exchanges are open to any set of buyers and sellers within a given market.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The three basic components of the most successful e-commerce models are content, commerce, and community.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A mobile advertiser can find how many people clicked on his ad and how many people bought his product or service.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Ch 10</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">XYZ Inc. assigned a part-time mid-level manager to supervise the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. The project has a high risk of failure. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"><br>To successfully implement a supply chain management system, an organization must be able to integrate its systems with its suppliers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Peter Sam's product development team studies a dashboard that shows the top product requests from customers in parallel with the product roadmap for the year in an effort to identify any gaps in their product offerings. What type of tool are they using?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">data visualization and business intelligence</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The bill of materials (BOM) serves as a recipe of ingredients needed to make each item an organization manufactures.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A(n) _____ is central to individuals and organizations of all sizes and ensures that information can be shared across all business functions and all levels of management to support the running and managing of a business.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Enterprise system</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">_____ includes the planning, executing, and controlling of all activities involved in raw material sourcing and procurement, converting raw materials to finished products, and the warehousing and delivery of finished product to customers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Supply chain management</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Percy is attracted by the advantages of enterprise software but his small business cannot afford to make a major up-front investment in new applications at this time. Percy _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">could try hosted enterprise software, which offers a pay-as-you-go approach</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A business's accounting systems include a(n) _____ system, which tracks the amounts of money owed and paid by customers to the company and from the company to vendors and others.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">General ledger</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">If an organization is using several separate systems, they can be replaced with a single integrated set of applications for the entire enterprise.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">What does an organization require in order to use AI to identify patterns that are useful for decision making?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">an ERP and a centralized database</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">How might a start-up company that has been using a paper-based document control approach benefit from switching to a cloud-based PLM system?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">more efficient development processes</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Enterprise systems use multiple databases aimed at different business units. &nbsp;</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">Which type of tool combines data from multiple enterprise systems to create dashboard experiences?</span></p><p style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.25;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal">data visualization and business intelligence</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">How was Hershey impacted by a failed technology implementation by SAPs R/3 ERP software?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Hershey stock fell by 8 percent</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following allows users to analyze customer data to identify ways to increase revenue, ways to decrease costs, and the company's "best customers" and how to locate more of them?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">CRM system</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Using machine learning in conjunction with enterprise software _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">allows decision makers to find interesting insights quickly</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which data analysis tool benefits organizations through the identification unique patterns, correlations, and anomalies within a vast amount of diverse data?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Artificial intelligence</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of these is an advantage of the hosted software model?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">faster system start-up</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Because Google's standard practice is to monitor what customers are saying about its products and services, this organization identifies patterns in online consumer conversations about their products using</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">machine learning analytics techniques</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">A small business is currently using a paper-based system for billing, which is slow and error-prone. Which system upgrade will make their billing process faster and reduce the number of errors?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">source data automation</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ff00ff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Ch 12</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Strategic planning provides a clearly defined direction to guide decision making at all levels throughout the organization.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">In organizations with more advanced planning processes, strategic planning is focused inward only.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">If a company considers its IS organization to be a game changer, then its strategy would be to use IS to achieve a competitive advantage. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">True</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, and techniques to project activities so that the allotted budget can be spent.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Your iPhone app project team has determined that the marketing campaign for the project can be delayed a bit without delaying the entire project. So, technically, the marketing campaign is part of the critical path of the project.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">As a project manager, you would use the stakeholder analysis matrix to manage communications with external entities such as customers, vendors, and regulatory bodies.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">False</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following tasks is the first step in goals-based strategic planning?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Analyze situation</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Your new employer wishes to use strategic planning to grow the business. Which of the following would you advise is the most essential task? </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">create a vision/mission statement</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following is considered a core competency of an organization?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">its ability to do something that its competition cannot imitate</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">You are part of an information systems project team. Your job is to ensure that the technology and vendor suggested for use in the project are consistent with the IS strategy. Your role in the project steering team is _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">IS manager</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Activities related to the acquisition of goods and/or services for a project from sources outside the organization make up _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Procurement management</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">You have observed that some of your organization's projects end up having little or no value after they are completed. You are tasked with selecting potential future projects. Which type of projects would you recommend the organization consider?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">only projects that are tied to specific organizational goals</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Thomas is involved in the direction-setting phase of strategic planning at his company. What top-down approach will help him identify the proper strategies, initiatives, programs, and projects?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">strategic planning pyramid</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;">The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results is termed __</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">reengineering</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which of the following processes takes a quality approach that focuses on identifying and rectifying the root causes of problems or defects?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Six sigma</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">The technology acceptance model (TAM) _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the use of a new information system</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">Which change model was developed by E.M. Rogers to explain how a new idea or product gains acceptance and spreads through a specific population?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">diffusion of innovation theory</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;;font-style:normal">For members of what the diffusion of innovation theory calls the early majority, the recommended strategy for promoting a new technology is to _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal">provide them with evidence of the system’s effectiveness and success stories</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal">A simple way to illustrate what a company is doing well, where it can improve, what opportunities are available to it, and what environmental factors threaten its future is to _____.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal">Create a swot matrix</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Which of the following does NOT strongly influence an IS organization's strategic planning? </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Government regulations</span></p><div><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:10pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;orphans:2;widows:2;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;;font-style:normal"></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><script nonce="">window.setTimeout(function() { window.scrollTo(0, 1); }, 0)</script></body></html>