https://mastersinpublicadministration.org/accessory-dwelling-units/

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Link	Text
https://las.depaul.edu/academics/school-of-public-service/graduate/public-administration-mpa/Pages/default.aspx	Master’s in Public Administration – DePaul University
https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2R/bills/SB1415P.pdf	SB 1415
https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2R/summary/S.1415FICO.DOCX.htm	These rules
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/policy-and-research/ADUHandbookUpdate.pdf	amended in 2024.
https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024A/bills/2024a_1152_enr.pdf	HB 1152,
https://www.oregon.gov/lcd/UP/Documents/HB2001OverviewPublic.pdf	HB 2001,
https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1337.PL.pdf?q=20230423104058	HB 1337
https://leg.mt.gov/bills/2023/SB0599/SB0528_2.pdf	SB 528
https://www.sandiego.gov/planning/work/housing/toolkit/accessory-dwelling-units	City of San Diego, California
https://mrsc.org/getmedia/54c058a5-4d57-4192-a214-15f2fa5ac123/Accessory-Dwelling-Units.pdf?ext=.pdf	State of Washington.
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body{background-color:var(--base-3);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:var(--accent);}a{text-decoration:underline;}.entry-title a, .site-branding a, a.button, .wp-block-button__link, .main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--accent-2);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:210px;}:root{--contrast:#222222;--contrast-2:#575760;--contrast-3:#b2b2be;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#152a53;--accent-2:#c0281b;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Poppins, sans-serif;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{font-family:Poppins, sans-serif;font-weight:700;}h3{font-weight:600;}h4{font-weight:600;}h5{font-weight:600;}h6{font-weight:600;}.top-bar{background-color:var(--accent);color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:var(--accent-2);}.site-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.site-header a{color:var(--accent);}.site-header a:hover{color:var(--accent-2);}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast);}.site-description{color:var(--contrast-2);}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base-3);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--accent);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--accent-2);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--accent);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--accent-2);}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:var(--accent);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:var(--accent-2);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent-2);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast-2);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-2);}h1{color:var(--contrast);}h2{color:var(--contrast);}h3{color:var(--accent);}h4{color:var(--accent);}h5{color:var(--accent);}h6{color:var(--accent);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets{background-color:var(--base-3);}.site-info{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--accent);}.site-info a{color:var(--base-3);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--accent-2);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--accent-2);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--base);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent);}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--contrast);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--accent);}}.inside-header{padding:5px 40px 5px 40px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-40px;width:calc(100% + 80px);max-width:calc(100% + 80px);}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-header{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%;}.site-content .content-area{width:70%;}@media (max-width: 1200px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}}
.dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;}
</style>
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<script>
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		<style id="wp-custom-css">
			html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/*## Author Post Design ##*/
.author .site.container {
    padding: 30px !important;
}
.author-post-item {
  	display: flex;
  	justify-content: space-between;
  	padding: 20px 0;
  	border-bottom: 1px solid #333333;
}
.author-post-item:last-child {
    border: none;
}
.author-post-item .post-details {
  	flex-basis: 100%;
  	flex-shrink: 1;
}
.author-post-item .post-image {
  	padding-left: 20px;
  	flex-shrink: 0;
  	overflow: hidden;
  	width: 240px;
  	height: 135px;
}
.author-post-item .post-image a {
  	display: flex;
  	border-radius: 8px;
  	overflow: hidden;
}
.author-post-item .post-image a img {
  	object-fit: cover;
  	width: 240px;
  	height: 135px;
}
.author-post-item .post-meta ul {
  	color: #737373;
  	list-style: none;
  	margin: 0 0 8px;
  	font-size: 14px;
  	line-height: 20px;
}
.author-post-item .post-title a {
		display: block;
    font-size: 22px;
    line-height: 34px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
}
.author-post-item .post-title a:hover {
  	color: var(--contrast);
}
.author-post-item .post-excerpt p {
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 31px;
    margin: 0;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  	.author-post-item .post-image,
  	.author-post-item .post-image a img {
    		width: 160px;
    		height: 90px;
  	}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
  	.author-post-item {
    		flex-wrap: wrap;
    		flex-direction: column-reverse;
  	}
		.author-post-item:last-child {
				border-bottom: 1px solid #333333;
		}
  	.author-post-item .post-title a {
				font-size: 20px;
				line-height: 30px;
				margin-bottom: 5px;
		}
  	.author-post-item .post-image {
    		padding: 0;
    		margin: 0 0 16px;
  	}
  	.author-post-item .post-image,
  	.author-post-item .post-image a img {
    		width: 100%;
    		height: 194px;
  	}
		.author .widget-area .widget {
				padding: 20px 0 0;
		}
}
/*## End Author Post Design ##*/

/*## Privacy & Terms CSS ##*/
.privacy-policy .author-box,
.privacy-policy #ez-toc-container,
.page-id-2728 .author-box,
.page-id-2728 #ez-toc-container {
    display: none !important;
}
.privacy-policy .entry-content ul,
.page-id-2728 .entry-content ul {
    margin-left: 40px;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
  	.privacy-policy .entry-content ul,
		.page-id-2728 .entry-content ul {
				margin-left: 30px;
		}
}
/*## End Privacy & Terms CSS ##*/

/*#/ /#*/

/*### New Page Design ###*/
/*## Common CSS ##*/
/* Container */
.site.container,
.entry-content,
.inside-article {
		margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
		max-width: 100% !important;
}
.site-main {
		margin: 0 !important;
}
.site.container {
		border-top: 1px solid #2041821A;
}
.site-content {
    max-width: 1180px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding: 30px 20px 3px !important;
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
}

/*# Typography #*/
.entry-content a {
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration-line: underline;
}
.entry-content h2 {
    margin: 60px 0 28px;
}
.entry-content h3 {
    margin: 28px 0 16px;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.entry-content h2,
		.entry-content h3 {
				text-align: center;
		}
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.rank-math-breadcrumb {
    color: #565655;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.rank-math-breadcrumb a {
		text-decoration: none;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.rank-math-breadcrumb {
				font-size: 13px;
				line-height: 22px;
				text-align: center;
				margin-bottom: 48px;
		}
}

/* Author Box Design */
.author-box {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    border-radius: 10px;
    filter: drop-shadow(0px 7px 20px #152a5321);
    padding: 20px 32px;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
}
.author-box .written-by-author,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-info-section-inner {
    display: flex;
}
.author-box .written-by-author {
		align-items: center;
}
.author-box .author-image a,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-image {
    min-width: 110px;
    width: 110px;
    height: 110px;
    display: flex;
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.author-box .author-image img,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-image img {
    object-fit: cover;
	width: 100%;
}
.author-box .author-details,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-details {
    margin-left: 16px;
}
.author-box .author-details .author-name,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-details .author-name {
    color: #152a53;
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 25px;
    line-height: 35px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
}
.author-box .author-details .author-name:hover,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-details .author-name:hover {
    color: #c0281b;
}
.author-box .author-details .author-degi,
.author-info-section-wrap .author-details .author-degi {
    color: #565655;
}
.author-details p {
    color: #565655;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 26px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
}
.author-details a {
		text-decoration: none;
}
.author-degi p a {
    color: #152a53;
}
.author-degi p a:hover {
    color: #c0281b;
}
.author-checked-by {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 25px;
    font-weight: 400;
    gap: 5px;
}
.author-checked-by:before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Calendar-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
}
.author-checked-by .checked-daye {
    color: #152a53;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.author-info-section-wrap .author-bio p {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 24px;
}
.author-info-section-wrap {
	 background: #f4f4f4;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 4px;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.author-box {
				padding: 25px 25px 30px;
				margin-bottom: 35px;
		}
		.author-box .written-by-author {
				text-align: center;
				flex-direction: column;
				gap: 20px;
		}
		.author-box .author-details {
				margin: 0;
		}
		.author-box .author-details .author-name {
				font-size: 22px;
				line-height: 32px;
				margin: 0 0 15px;
		}
		.author-details p {
				font-size: 15px;
				line-height: 25px;
		}
		.author-checked-by {
				font-size: 14px;
				line-height: 24px;
		}
		.author-checked-by {
				margin-top: 14px;
		}
}

/* Icon List */
.custom_icon_list_design {
    margin: 0 0 30px;
}
.custom_icon_list_design,
.custom_icon_list_design ul,
.custom_icon_list_design ol {
    list-style: none;
}
.custom_icon_list_design li {
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 33px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.custom_icon_list_design li:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.custom_icon_list_design li {
    color: #343F4E;
}
.custom_icon_list_design li::before {
    content: "";
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Circle-Check-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-right: 10px;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.custom_icon_list_design ul li::before, .custom_icon_list_design ol li::before {
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/List-Check-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.custom_icon_list_design li {
				font-size: 15px;
				line-height: 20px;
				margin-bottom: 10px;
		}
		.custom_icon_list_design li a:before {
				width: 15px;
				height: 15px;
				margin-right: 7px;
		}
}

/* Subscribe Form */
.subscribe_form_design {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.subscribe_form_design #mc_embed_signup {
    width: 100%;
}
.subscribe_form_design #mc_embed_signup form {
		margin: 0;
}
.subscribe_form_design p,
.subscribe_form_design #mc-field-wrap {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    margin: 0;
}
.subscribe_form_design label,
.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group {
    width: 70% !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-form-control-wrap input,
.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group input {
    width: 100% !important;
    color: #343F4E;
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 30px;
    font-weight: 500;
    background: transparent;
    border: none !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    outline: none;
    padding: 14px 20px 14px 60px !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-form-control-wrap input::placeholder,
.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group input::placeholder {
    color: #343F4E;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-form-control-wrap:before,
.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group:before {
    content: "";
    width: 18px;
    height: 14.4px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Email-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
    position: absolute;
    left: 32px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent {
		width: 30%;
}
.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent .foot {
    grid-template-columns: unset !important;
    width: 100% !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent .button,
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-submit {
    width: 100% !important;
    height: 74px !important;
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 20px !important;
    line-height: 20px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    background: #152a53 !important;
    padding: 22px !important;
    margin: -2px !important;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-submit {
    width: 30% !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent .button:hover,
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-submit:hover {
    background: #222222 !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-spinner {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
}
.subscribe_form_design div.mce_inline_error,
.subscribe_form_design #mce-responses {
    width: 70% !important;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    top: unset !important;
    border: none !important;
    padding: 2px 10px !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 11px !important;
    line-height: 16px;
    text-align: right;
    grid-template-columns: unset !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design div.mce_inline_error {
    width: 100% !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design #mce-responses #mce-success-response,
.subscribe_form_design #mce-responses #mce-error-response {
    width: 200px;
		background: #ffffff;
    margin: 0 0 0 auto;
    font-weight: 400;
}
.subscribe_form_design #mce-responses #mce-error-response {
    width: 180px;
    padding-right: 0;
}
.subscribe_form_design .helper_text {
    display: none !important;
}
.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-response-output {
    width: 70%;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    border: none !important;
    padding: 2px 10px !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 13px;
    text-align: right;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.subscribe_form_design {
				overflow: unset;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design label,
		.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group,
		.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent {
				width: 100% !important;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-form-control-wrap input, .subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group input {
				height: 64px !important;
				border: 2px solid #343F4E !important;
				background: #ffffff !important;
				border-radius: 7px !important;
				margin-bottom: 12px !important;
				padding: 14px 20px 14px 53px !important;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-form-control-wrap:before {
				left: 25px;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-submit,
		.subscribe_form_design .optionalParent .button {
				width: 100% !important;
				height: 64px !important;
				padding: 16px !important;
				margin: 0 !important;
				border-radius: 7px !important;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design div.mce_inline_error, .subscribe_form_design #mce-responses {
				bottom: 15px;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design div#mce-responses {
				width: 100% !important;
				bottom: -53px !important;
				text-align: center !important;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design #mce-responses #mce-success-response, .subscribe_form_design #mce-responses #mce-error-response {
				width: 100%;
				margin: 0 auto;
				padding: 5px 20px;
				border-radius: 10px;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-response-output {
				width: 100%;
				bottom: -33px;
				text-align: center;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .wpcf7-spinner {
				bottom: 18px;
		}
		.subscribe_form_design .mc-field-group:before {
				transform: translateY(-13px);
		}
}

/* Table Design */
.custom_table_design {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    filter: drop-shadow(0px 7px 20px rgba(0, 128, 133, 0.12));
    border-radius: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.custom_table_design table {
		margin: 0;
}
.custom_table_design thead {
    color: #ffffff;
    background: #152a53;
}
.custom_table_design tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
    background: #152a5308 !important;
}
.custom_table_design th {
    border-color: #ffffff1a;
}
.custom_table_design td {
    border-color: #2141831a;
}
.custom_table_design th,
.custom_table_design td {
    padding: 10px 16px;
}

/*# Program Box Design #*/
.program_box_design .gb-grid-wrapper .gb-grid-wrapper {
		position: relative;
}
.program_box_design p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
.program_box_design a {
    font-weight: unset;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.program_box_design .sponsor-text {
	margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.program_box_design .adv-text {
	margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.program_box_design ul {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 0;
    list-style: none;
}
.program_box_design ul li:before {
    content: "-";
    display: inline-block;
    margin-right: 6px;
}
.program_box_design 
 .wp-block-separator {
    height: 0px;
    margin: 14px 0;
    border-top: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #333333;
}
.program_box_design .wp-block-buttons {
    margin-top: 16px;
}
/*.program_box_design .wp-element-button:before {
    content: "";
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
}*/
.program_box_design .gb-grid-column .gb-grid-column:last-child ul {
    text-align: left;
}
/*# End Program Box Design #*/
/*## End Common CSS ##*/

/*## Header CSS ##*/
.site-header {
    max-width: 1192px !important;
		margin: 0 auto;
}
.site-header .inside-header {
    padding: 22px 20px !important;
}
.site-header .header-image {
    width: 250px;
}
.site-header .main-navigation {
    margin-left: auto !important;
}
.site-header .main-nav a {
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px !important;
    line-height: 24px !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.site-header .main-nav .current-menu-parent>a,
.site-header .main-nav a:hover {
		color: #c0281b !important;
}
.site-header .main-nav .sub-menu {
		margin-left: 20px;
}
.site-header .main-nav .sub-menu a {
    padding: 10px 20px !important;
}
.main-navigation .gb-button {
		color: #ffffff !important;
    font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 26px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-left: 30px !important;
    border-radius: 7px;
    padding: 15px 20px;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
		.site-header .inside-header {
				padding: 15px 20px !important;
		}
		.site-header .header-image {
				width: 180px;
		}
		.mobile-header-navigation .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img {
				height: 48px;
    		padding: 0;
		}
		.main-navigation .gb-button {
				font-size: 14px;
				line-height: 24px;
				padding: 6px 14px;
		}
		.site-header .menu-toggle {
				background: transparent !important;
		}
		.site-header .menu-item a {
				padding: 10px 20px;
				border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05);
		}
		.site-header .main-nav .sub-menu {
				margin-left: 0;
				background: transparent;
				border: none !important;
		}
		.site-header .main-nav .sub-menu li {
				margin-bottom: 0;
		}
		.site-header .main-nav .sub-menu a {
				padding: 10px 30px !important;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.site-header .inside-header {
				padding: 8px 20px 8px 12px !important;
		}
		.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .site-logo.mobile-header-logo {
				margin-left: 0;
		}
		.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle {
				padding: 0 !important;
		}
		.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle .gp-icon svg {
				height: 24px;
				width: 24px;
		}
		.main-navigation .gb-button {
				display: none;
		}
}
/*## Header CSS ##*/

/*## State Page CSS ##*/
/*# Container #*/
.site-content .content-area {
    width: 73%;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
		.site-content .content-area {
				width: 65%;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
		.site-content .content-area {
				width: 100%;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.site.container {
				border-top: none;
		}
		.site-content {
				padding: 8px 20px 3px !important;
		}
}

/*# Table #*/
.dataTables_wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    margin: 30px 0 40px;
}
.dataTables_scroll {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    filter: drop-shadow(0px 7px 20px rgba(0, 128, 133, 0.12));
    border-radius: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
/*.tablepress-table-name {
		color: #204182;
    font-size: 30px;
    line-height: 1.33;
		font-weight: 600;
}*/
.dataTables_scrollHead {
    border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;
}
.dataTables_scrollHead .dataTables_scrollHeadInner {
    padding: 0 !important;
}
.dataTables_scrollHead th {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 25px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-align: center;
    background: #152a53;
    border-right: 1px solid #ffffff1a;
    vertical-align: top;
    padding: 10px 8px;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody {
    color: #565655;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody tr {
		transition: .3s;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody tr:hover {
    box-shadow: 0px 5px 25px 0px #152a5321;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody tr.even>* {
    background: #ffffff !important;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody tr.odd>* {
    background: #152a5308 !important;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody td {
    color: #565655;
    vertical-align: middle;
    padding: 16px 14px;
    border-color: #2141831a;
    border-right: 1px solid #2141831a;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody td:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody tr:hover td {
    color: #152a53;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody td:last-child a {
    color: transparent;
    display: block;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Button-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 0 auto;
    transition: .3s;
}
.dataTables_scrollBody td:last-child a:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
}
.dataTables_scrollFoot {
    background: #152a53;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;
}
.dataTables_scrollFoot a {
		color: #ffffff;
		text-decoration: none;
}
.dataTables_length {
    order: 2;
    color: #565555;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 27px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-right: 10px;
}
.dataTables_length select {
    color: #152a53;
    font-family: Poppins;
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 24px;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid #20418233;
    border-radius: 4.36px;
    margin: 0 5px !important;
    appearance: none;
    padding: 10px 38px 10px 18px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Arrow-Down.svg) no-repeat #ffffff;
    background-size: 12px;
    background-position: 50px center;
}
.dataTables_info {
    order: 3;
		color: #565555;
		font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 27px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-right: 10px;
}
.dataTables_paginate {
    order: 3;
    margin: 0 0 0 auto;
}
.dataTables_paginate a {
    color: #152a53 !important;
    min-width: 100px;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
		text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 11px 15px;
    border: 1px solid #152a53;
    border-radius: 4.36px;
		transition: .3s;
}
.dataTables_paginate .paginate_button.next,
.dataTables_paginate a:hover {
    color: #ffffff !important;
		background: #152a53 !important;
		text-decoration: none;
}
.dataTables_paginate .paginate_button.next:hover {
		color: #152a53 !important;
		background: #ffffff !important;
}
.dataTables_paginate a:before,
.dataTables_paginate a:after {
    display: none;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
		.dataTables_scroll {
				overflow-x: scroll;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.dataTables_length {
				margin: 0 auto;
		}
		.dataTables_info {
				margin: 12px auto;
		}
		.dataTables_paginate {
				margin: 0 auto;
		}
}

/*## States Icon Box Design ##*/
.states_icon_box_design .gb-grid-wrapper {
    row-gap: 15px;
    margin-left: -17px;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-grid-column {
    width: 33.33%;
    padding-left: 17px;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container {
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0px 7px 20px 0px #152a5321;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    transition: .2s;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container:hover {
    box-shadow: 2px 2px 8px -3px #152a5321;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container .gb-headline {
		font-weight: 400;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container .gb-headline a {
    color: #152a53;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container:hover .gb-headline a {
    color: #c0281b;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-container:hover .gb-headline a:after {
    content: "";
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
}
.states_icon_box_design .gb-block-image {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 70px;
    filter: hue-rotate(180deg);
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
		.states_icon_box_design .gb-grid-column {
				width: 50%;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.states_icon_box_design .gb-container {
				padding: 10px;
		}
		.states_icon_box_design .gb-container .gb-headline a {
				font-size: 15px;
				line-height: 25px;
		}
		.states_icon_box_design .gb-block-image {
				max-width: 40px;
				min-width: 40px;
		}
		.states_icon_box_design .gb-container .gb-headline {
				font-weight: 400;
				padding: 7px;
		}
}

/*# University Box #*/
.custom_university_box_design .details-box-content {
    height: 160px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.custom_university_box_design .details-box-content.content-expanded	{
		height: auto;
  	overflow: auto;
}
.custom_university_box_design h3,
.resources_box_design h3 {
		margin: 0 0 18px;
}
.custom_university_box_design h3 a {
		font-weight: 700;
		text-decoration: none;
}
.custom_university_box_design p,
.custom_university_box_design li {
    font-family: Poppins;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 22px;
}
.custom_university_box_design p {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.custom_university_box_design p strong,
.custom_university_box_design p b {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 27px;
}
.custom_university_box_design p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: wrap;
    margin: 0;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding-right: 10px;
    border-right: 1px solid #EDEDED;
    gap: 4px;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li:before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 17px;
    height: 14px;
    background-size: contain !important;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li.location:before {
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Icon-1-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li.time:before {
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Icon-2-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li.education:before {
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Icon-3-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
}
.custom_university_box_design .header-area li:last-child {
		border-right: none;
}
.custom_university_box_design .gb-button {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: #152a53 !important;
    font-family: Poppins;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 27px;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin-top: 24px;
}
.custom_university_box_design .gb-button:after {
    content: "";
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Arrow-Down-Icon-Blue.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
}
.custom_university_box_design .gb-button.less-details:after {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.resources_box_design ul {
		margin-bottom: 30px;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
			.custom_university_box_design ul {
				gap: 7px;
				margin-bottom: 20px;
		}
		.custom_university_box_design li {
				width: 100%;
				border: none;
		}
		.custom_university_box_design p {
				margin-bottom: 14px;
		}
		.resources_box_design ul {
				margin-bottom: 20px;
		}
}

/*# Sidebar #*/
.sidebar.is-right-sidebar {
    width: 27%;
}
.inside-right-sidebar {
		margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.sidebar .widget {
    padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.sidebar.is-right-sidebar #block-7 {
		position: sticky;
    top: 50px;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
		.sidebar.is-right-sidebar {
				width: 35%;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
		.sidebar.is-right-sidebar {
				width: 100%;
		}
		.inside-right-sidebar {
				margin-top: 20px !important;
		}
		.sidebar .widget {
				padding: 0;
				margin-bottom: 40px;
		}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		.sidebar.is-right-sidebar #block-7 {
				position: unset;
		}
}

/*# TOC #*/
#ez-toc-container {
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    background: var(--White, #FFF);
    box-shadow: 0px 7px 20px 0px #152a5321;
    padding: 25px 25px !important;
}
/*.ez-toc-title-container {
    display: none;
}
*/
.ez-toc-title-container {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
#ez-toc-container .ez-toc-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 26px;
}
.ez-toc-list {
		display: block !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
}
.ez-toc-list li {
    padding-bottom: 10px !important;
    margin: 0 0 10px !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #2141831a;
}
.ez-toc-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.ez-toc-title,
.ez-toc-list li a {
    color: #152a53 !important;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 0 !important;
}
.ez-toc-list li a:hover {
		color: #c0281b !important;
}
.ez-toc-list li ul {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 16px 0;
}
.ez-toc-list li ul li {
    display: flex;
    padding-left: 17px;
}
.ez-toc-list li ul li:before {
    content: "";
    width: 10px;
    height: 9px;
    background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/List-Check-Icon.svg) no-repeat center;
    background-size: contain;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 5px;
}
.ez-toc-list li ul li a {
    color: #565655 !important;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.ez-toc-widget-container .widget-title {
		display: none;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
		#ez-toc-container {
				width: 100%;
			  padding: 15px 15px !important;
		}
}

/*# Advertisement Box #*/
.advertisement_box_sidebar {
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(32, 65, 130, 0.10);
    background: var(--White, #FFF);
    box-shadow: 0px 7px 20px 0px #152a5321;
    padding: 20px 16px;
}
.advertisement_box_sidebar h4 {
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 22px;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.advertisement_box_sidebar input {
		border-radius: 7px;
}
.advertisement_box_sidebar button {
    border-radius: 7px;
}

.advertisement_box_sidebar .wp-block-table {
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 24px;
    margin: 0;
}
.advertisement_box_sidebar .wp-block-table thead {
    border-bottom: 1px solid;
}
/*## End State Page CSS ##*/

/*## Footer CSS ##*/
.site-footer h3 {
		color: #ffffff;
}
.site-footer a {
    text-decoration: none;
}
/* Form */
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			<nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" class="rank-math-breadcrumb"><p><a href="https://mastersinpublicadministration.org">Home</a><span class="separator"> / </span><span class="last">Building Knowledge: Accessory Dwelling Units</span></p></nav>

<h1 class="gb-headline gb-headline-d965ef1f gb-headline-text">Building Knowledge: Accessory Dwelling Units</h1>

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					<a href="/author/coleneder"><p class="author-name">Cole Neder</p></a>
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										<div class="author-checked-by">Updated &amp; Fact Checked: <span class="checked-daye">05.27.2024</span></div>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Introduction</h2>



<p>Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) have emerged as a popular solution to housing shortages and affordability challenges in many cities and states across the country. However, regulations governing ADUs vary widely from state to state and even within local jurisdictions. Understanding ADU regulations, both statewide and local, is crucial for homeowners looking to build an ADU on their property. Some states have embraced ADUs and have enacted laws that encourage their construction, while others have more restrictive regulations.</p>



<p>For homeowners, ADUs represent an opportunity to unlock the hidden potential of their property. Whether it’s providing a home for aging parents, creating a rental income stream, or simply adding versatility to their living space, ADUs are redefining the concept of home ownership.</p>



<p>But the impact of ADUs extends far beyond individual homeowners. For cities grappling with housing shortages and affordability challenges, ADUs offer a scalable, sustainable solution. By increasing housing supply without the need for large-scale development, ADUs can help cities accommodate growing populations while preserving the character of existing neighborhoods.</p>



<p>Of course, the path to ADU adoption is not without its challenges. Zoning laws, building codes, and financing hurdles can all present obstacles for homeowners looking to build an ADU. However, as cities like Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, British Columbia, have shown, thoughtful policy changes and community engagement can pave the way for ADU success.</p>



<p>As the conversation around housing continues to evolve, ADUs stand out as a shining example of innovation in action. By embracing the potential of ADUs, cities and homeowners alike can create a more sustainable, inclusive urban future. This guide explores what ADUs are, the regulations governing them, states that encourage ADU construction, and model ordinances that can serve as a blueprint for local governments looking to promote ADU development.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What are Accessory Dwelling Units?</h2>



<p>An Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) is a separate living space on the same property as a standalone single-family home. It can be called by various names like accessory apartments, secondary suites, or granny flats. ADUs can be part of the main house, added onto it, or a separate structure.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Historically, ADUs have been used for various purposes, including housing for extended family members, rental units to generate extra income, or as living spaces for caregivers or domestic staff. During the mid-20th century, many municipalities imposed zoning restrictions that effectively banned ADUs, but recent shifts in policy have renewed interest in this housing form. Today, ADUs are increasingly popular as cities seek sustainable solutions to housing shortages, offering benefits such as affordable housing, flexibility in living arrangements, and efficient land use.</p>



<p>Currently, ADUs are utilized for a variety of purposes. They serve as rental units providing affordable housing options, as living spaces for aging parents (sometimes referred to as “granny flats”), and as independent living spaces for young adults. Additionally, they can be used as home offices or guest houses. By accommodating diverse housing needs, ADUs help cities manage growth sustainably and inclusively, offering a versatile and practical solution to the ongoing demand for housing.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Accessory Dwelling Unit Regulations</h2>



<p>Several regulations facilitate the building of ADUs. For instance, states like California and Oregon have implemented laws that require cities to permit ADUs by right, streamlining the approval process and reducing the barriers to construction. These laws often include provisions that prevent homeowners’ associations from banning ADUs, mandate ministerial approval processes to avoid discretionary reviews, and sometimes reduce or eliminate parking requirements and impact fees.</p>



<p>The regulation of building ADUs typically falls under the jurisdiction of local governments, such as cities or counties. They set the rules and regulations regarding the construction, size, location, and other aspects of ADUs through zoning ordinances, building codes, and other regulations. These regulations can vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another, so it’s important to check with the local planning or building department to understand the specific requirements and process for building an ADU in a particular area.</p>



<p><strong>Research your Local Government:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Start by visiting the website of your local city or county planning department. They usually have sections dedicated to ADU regulations and requirements.</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Understand Zoning Requirements:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Look for the zoning code or municipal code related to ADUs. This document will outline the specific rules for ADUs, including size, location, and design standards.</li>



<li>Determine which zoning districts in your municipality allow ADUs. Not all residential zones may permit them.</li>



<li>Check the minimum lot size requirements and setback rules (distance from property lines) for ADUs.</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Review Local Design Standards:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>ADU size can be restricted based on the size of the primary dwelling or lot. Ensure your plans meet these size limitations.</li>



<li>Some municipalities have specific design standards to ensure ADUs blend with the neighborhood, including height restrictions and appearance guidelines.</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Building and Permitting:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Most ADUs require a building permit. Check the application process, required documents, and fees associated with obtaining a permit.</li>



<li>Understand whether your project will undergo a ministerial review (straightforward approval if it meets all criteria) or a discretionary review (more complex and may require public hearings).</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">States that Encourage Accessory Dwelling Units</h2>



<p>Several states in the U.S. have adopted comprehensive statewide ADU (Accessory Dwelling Unit) policies to promote the development of these units as a means to address housing shortages. These states have recognized the potential of ADUs to provide additional housing options and have implemented statewide policies to facilitate their development. Here are some of the states with such policies:</p>


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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-6eae1657 gb-headline-text">Arizona</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> <a href="https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2R/bills/SB1415P.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">SB 1415</a>, passed in 2024.</p>



<p><strong>Size Requirements:</strong><em> </em>The size of the ADU can be up to 75% of the main residence’s gross floor area or 1,000 square feet, whichever is smaller.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> None. ADUs can often be rented out on a long-term basis, but short-term rentals (less than 30 days) might be subject to different regulations or restrictions.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> If the ADU is situated within half a mile of public transportation accessibility, the state exempts it from the necessity to provide additional parking spaces.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> Mandates that all Arizona municipalities with populations of 75,000 or more must implement the state’s ADU (Accessory Dwelling Unit) regulations. <a href="https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2R/summary/S.1415FICO.DOCX.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">These rules</a> permit any single-family property to add at least one attached or detached ADU. Additionally, each restricted-affordable dwelling unit on the property is allowed at least one extra ADU.</p>

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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-6535a844 gb-headline-text">California</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> Assembly Bill 881, passed in 2020 and <a href="https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/policy-and-research/ADUHandbookUpdate.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">amended in 2024.</a></p>



<p><strong>Size Requirements:</strong><em> </em>ADUs can generally be up to 1,200 square feet. Local ordinances may not set minimum lot sizes for ADUs.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> No requirements for ADUs and DADUs. JADUs typically require owner occupancy. ADUs can be rented out, but short-term rentals (less than 30 days) are often restricted locally.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> No additional parking is required if the ADU is within half a mile of public transit, part of an existing structure, in a historic district, in a parking permit area, or if there is a car-share vehicle within one block.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> Local jurisdictions must approve ADUs through a ministerial (non-discretionary) process, meaning they can’t be subject to discretionary review. California allows the ADU (built as an addition to an existing home), DADU (separate from the primary residence), and JADU (converted as part of the existing home).</p>

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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-f6525e85 gb-headline-text">Colorado</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> <a href="https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024A/bills/2024a_1152_enr.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">HB 1152,</a> passed in 2024.</p>



<p><strong>Size Requirement:</strong><em> </em>The state prohibits localities from imposing limits on ADUs up to 800 sq. ft. in size, stating must be allowed in primary residential zones.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> Not required, unless at times when an application is submitted to construct an ADU.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> Off-street parking requirements are not allowed in cities and counties that are mandated by this legislation.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> Colorado legislation mandates that cities meeting specific size thresholds must permit ADUs. Essentially, this ADU law does not apply to small towns and rural communities with populations under 1,000 people. Additionally, the law overrides any HOA rules that prohibit ADUs, ensuring that homeowners’ associations in the affected areas cannot ban them.</p>

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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-3dce85d2 gb-headline-text">Oregon</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> <a href="https://www.oregon.gov/lcd/UP/Documents/HB2001OverviewPublic.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">HB 2001,</a> passed in 2019.</p>



<p><strong>Size Requirements:</strong><em> </em>The state does not impose specific size limits for ADUs, but local jurisdictions may set their own limits, often around 800 to 1,200 square feet.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> Oregon law does not require owner occupancy for ADUs, meaning neither the primary residence nor the ADU needs to be owner-occupied.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> Prohibits cities from requiring additional off-street parking for ADUs if the property is within a certain distance of public transit or if on-street parking is available.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> Requires cities with populations over 10,000 and counties with populations over 15,000 to allow ADUs on lots with single-family homes. Cities and counties must approve ADUs through a ministerial (non-discretionary) process, meaning they cannot be subject to conditional use permits.</p>

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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-e9b51638 gb-headline-text">Washington</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> <a href="https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1337.PL.pdf?q=20230423104058" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">HB 1337</a>, passed in 2023.</p>



<p><strong>Size Requirements:</strong><em> </em>The city or county may not establish a maximum gross floor area requirement for accessory dwelling units that is less than 1,000 sq. ft.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> The city or county may not require the owner of a lot on which there is an accessory dwelling unit to reside in or occupy the accessory dwelling unit or another housing unit on the same lot.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> Cities and counties may not require off-street parking for ADUs within a half-mile walking distance of transit stops.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> This legislation, one of the most ADU-friendly in the country, mandates that localities allow at least two ADUs in all urban growth areas with single-family zoning, as well as permitting detached ADUs and two-story ADUS. Impact fees are also limited to 50% of the primary residence.</p>

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<h3 class="gb-headline gb-headline-34be9d36 gb-headline-text">Montana</h3>



<p><strong>Law:</strong> <a href="https://leg.mt.gov/bills/2023/SB0599/SB0528_2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">SB 528</a>, passed in 2023</p>



<p><strong>Size Requirements:</strong><em> </em>The city or county may not establish a maximum gross floor area requirement for accessory dwelling units that is less than 1,000 sq. ft.</p>



<p><strong>Occupancy Requirement:</strong> The law does not require the single-family home or the ADU to be occupied by the owner or require a familial, marital, or employment relationship between the occupants of the single-family home and the occupants of the ADU.</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirement:</strong> Localities may not require additional parking to accommodate ADU construction or require fees in lieu of additional parking.</p>



<p><strong>Overview:</strong> The new law will update municipal zoning codes to permit at least one ADU on any lot with a single-family dwelling. This includes options for attached, detached, or internal ADUs. The law will also require municipalities to permit ADUs that do not match the exterior design, roof pitch, or finishing materials of the single-family dwelling.</p>

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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Additional Considerations</h2>



<p>When building- or considering to build- an ADU on your property, there are other factors to consider and research prior to going forward with the construction process. Conducting research minimizes mistakes and ensures limited unseen costs when gaining build approval.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Parking Requirements:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Many municipalities require additional off-street parking for ADUs. Review the parking requirements to ensure compliance.</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Utility Connections:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Determine if your ADU will need separate utility connections (water, sewer, electricity) and the associated costs.</li>



<li>Be aware of any impact fees that may apply to your ADU project, which can vary based on the size and type of ADU.</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Homeowner Associations (HOAs):</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>If your property is governed by an HOA, review their rules and regulations regarding ADUs. Some states, like California, have laws that override HOA restrictions, but this may not be the case everywhere.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">ADU Resources</h2>



<p>Tracking ADU legislation, building ADUs, and navigating the approval process can be complex but there are several helpful resources available:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Local Planning and State Agencies:</strong> These departments can provide information on local zoning laws, building codes, and the permit process for ADUs. State housing agencies often have resources on ADU regulations and incentives, as well as information on financing options. Examples include navigating through guidance from the <a href="https://www.sandiego.gov/planning/work/housing/toolkit/accessory-dwelling-units" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">City of San Diego, California</a>, and guidance from the <a href="https://mrsc.org/getmedia/54c058a5-4d57-4192-a214-15f2fa5ac123/Accessory-Dwelling-Units.pdf?ext=.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">State of Washington.</a>&nbsp;</li>



<li><strong>AARP Livable Communities:</strong> The <a href="https://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/housing/info-2021/adu-model-state-act-and-local-ordinance.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">AARP Public Policy Institute</a>, in collaboration with the American Planning Association (APA), has published “<a href="https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/resource/9123024/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Accessory Dwelling Units: Model State Act and Local Ordinance.</a>” This resource is designed to guide communities in creating ADU-friendly policies to expand housing options, particularly for older adults. The model ordinance includes provisions that address zoning, permitting, design standards, and occupancy, aimed at making it easier for municipalities to adopt ADU regulations that promote affordable and flexible housing solutions.</li>



<li><strong>ADU Advocacy Groups:</strong> Some cities have advocacy groups focused on ADUs that can provide support and resources for homeowners. The<a href="https://accessorydwellings.org/2023/04/24/adu-legislative-initiatives-history-in-the-making-part-iv-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"> Accessory Dwellings website </a>provides a wealth of information on ADUs, including regulations, design ideas, and case studies.</li>



<li><strong>Professional Planning Organizations:</strong> Professional membership-based organizations, including the <a href="https://www.planning.org/blog/9270835/five-key-adu-state-bills/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">American Planning Association</a>, produce publicly-accessible research documents and track legislation based on ADU construction. These groups also offer resources and guides for creating livable communities, which often includes information on ADUs and housing options for older adults.</li>
</ul>
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