- Scan ID:
- 62f42448-be1c-4d02-9ff7-754b85808e63Finished
- Submitted URL:
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240823153243/Redirected
- Report Finished:
Links · 115 found
The outgoing links identified from the page
| Link | Text |
|---|---|
| https://change.org/LetReadersRead | Ask the publishers |
| https://archive.org/ | Internet Archive logoA line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. |
| https://archive.org/details/texts | Texts iconAn illustration of an open book.Texts |
| https://archive.org/details/movies | Video iconAn illustration of two cells of a film strip.Video |
| https://archive.org/details/audio | Audio iconAn illustration of an audio speaker.Audio |
| https://archive.org/details/software | Software iconAn illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.Software |
| https://archive.org/details/image | Images iconAn illustration of two photographs.Images |
| https://archive.org/donate/ | Donate iconAn illustration of a heart shapeDonate |
| https://archive.org/about/ | Ellipses iconAn illustration of text ellipses.More |
| https://archive.org/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt | Donate iconAn illustration of a heart shape"Donate to the archive" |
JavaScript Variables · 131 found
Global JavaScript variables loaded on the window object of a page, are variables declared outside of functions and accessible from anywhere in the code within the current scope
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| onbeforetoggle | object |
| documentPictureInPicture | object |
| onscrollend | object |
| webComponentLoaderConfig | object |
| archive_analytics | object |
| reactiveElementPolyfillSupport | function |
| litHtmlPolyfillSupport | function |
| litElementPolyfillSupport | function |
| WebComponents | object |
| __CE_installPolyfill | function |
Console log messages · 4 found
Messages logged to the web console
| Type | Category | Log |
|---|---|---|
| warning | other |
|
| log | javascript |
|
| error | network |
|
| error | network |
|
HTML
The raw HTML body of the page
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; }
body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
</style>
<title>Wayback Machine</title>
<script>
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the JavaScript code in this page.
Copyright (C) 2020 Internet Archive
The JavaScript code in this page is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero
General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU AGPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU AGPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice for the JavaScript code in this page.
*/
</script> <script type="text/javascript">
window.webComponentLoaderConfig = {
baseUrl: 'https://archive.org',
version: '29e56e87'
}
</script>
<!-- is_embedded: False; context: -->
<script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js?v=ba6ee6d6" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/components/npm/lit/polyfill-support.js?v=ba6ee6d6" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/components/npm/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/webcomponents-bundle.js?v=ba6ee6d6" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/ia-topnav.min.js?v=ba6ee6d6" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/archive.min.js?v=ba6ee6d6" type="text/javascript"></script>
<link href="//archive.org/includes/build/css/archive.min.css?v=ba6ee6d6" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta property="mediatype" content="">
<meta property="primary_collection" content="">
<script type="text/javascript">if('archive_analytics' in window){var v=archive_analytics.values;v.path='';v.service='wb';v.server_name='wwwb-app210.us.archive.org';v.server_ms=51;archive_analytics.send_pageview_on_load()}</script>
<link href="/_static/images/archive.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/styles.css?v=NJKrxW82">
<script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ui.js?v=7LYlZ-C2" charset="utf-8"></script>
<base target="_top">
<link href="/_static/css/web.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- include component js and css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/waybackjs/main.64b6426b3f2544458fbc.css">
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/runtime.c1786cdf6d841e4d1a3a.js"></script>
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/vendors~main.dda26b164a7b7bf6096d.js"></script>
<script src="/_static/waybackjs/main.64b6426b3f2544458fbc.js"></script>
<style>
html, body { margin:0; padding:0 }
#faux-header {
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
margin:0;
background-color:black;
}
#react-wayback-search {
max-width: 1170px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/waybackjs/revolving-landing.6e378cc97f60c0e29f92.chunk.css"></head>
<body class="navia">
<div class="ia-banners">
<div class="ia-banner hidden post-appeal-20240905 visible" data-campaign="post-appeal-20240905">
<p><a href="https://change.org/LetReadersRead" rel="nofollow">Ask the publishers</a> to restore access to 500,000+ books.</p>
<form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close">
<fieldset>
<button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="topnav">
<input class="js_nav_tweaks" type="hidden" value="[]">
<!-- Shady DOM styles for icon-hamburger --><style scope="icon-hamburger-1">.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger {
display: block;
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger {
fill: #fff;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for login-button --><style scope="login-button-1">.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display: block;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #ccc;
cursor: pointer;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height: 100%;
width: 4rem;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #999;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display: none;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #999;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
outline: 0;
}
.login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus {
color: #fff !important;
outline: none !important;
outline-offset: inherit !important;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button {
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
background: transparent;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
display: block;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display: inline;
vertical-align: middle;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for nav-search --><style scope="nav-search-1">.nav-search-1 input.nav-search[type="text"] {
color: #222;
}
.nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
.nav-search-1 button.nav-search {
background: none;
color: inherit;
border: none;
font: inherit;
cursor: pointer;
}
.nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search {
padding-top: 0;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
position: relative;
fill:;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 4rem;
bottom: 0;
left: 4rem;
z-index: 3;
padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem;
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search {
display: none;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search {
background: #fff;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
width: 100%;
margin: 0 0.5rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search {
height: 100%;
padding: 0;
margin-right: 0;
-ms-flex-item-align: center;
-ms-grid-row-align: center;
align-self: center;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding-left: 1rem;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: none;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus {
outline: none;
}
@keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 {
0% {
opacity: 0;
}
100% {
opacity: 1;
}
}
.nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search {
animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 0.2s forwards;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
display: inline;
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
vertical-align: -14px;
}
.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search {
fill: #333;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search {
display: block;
position: static;
padding: 1.1rem 0.2rem;
background: transparent;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search {
width: 13rem;
height: 2.8rem;
-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;
-webkit-box-direction: reverse;
-ms-flex-direction: row-reverse;
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search {
width: calc(100% - 28px);
height: 100%;
padding-left: 0;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-align: left;
}
.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search {
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-button --><style scope="media-button-1">.media-button-1 a.media-button {
display: inline-block;
text-decoration: none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: left;
background: transparent;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
outline: none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0;
font-weight: 400;
color: #fff;
text-align: left;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button {
display: inline-flex;
vertical-align: middle;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button > svg.media-button {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background-color: #333;
border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #999;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #f00;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
width: auto;
height: 5rem;
color: #999;
display: inline-flex;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
color: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display: none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
padding-right: 1rem;
font-size: 1.3rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: inherit;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display: none;
content: "web";
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button {
display: none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button {
background: #474747;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after {
color: #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background: transparent;
}
.media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #ffcd27;
}
.media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #faab3c;
}
.media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #f1644b;
}
.media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #00adef;
}
.media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #9ecc4f;
}
.media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill: #aa99c9;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display: inline;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button {
display: none;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-menu --><style scope="media-menu-1">.media-menu-1 {
outline: none;
}
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
z-index: -1;
top: -40rem;
background-color: #222;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-property: top;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
position: relative;
line-height: normal;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
top: 0;
}
.media-menu-1 .overflow-clip.media-menu {
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
top: 4rem;
left: 0;
height: 0;
width: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-property: height;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .overflow-clip.media-menu {
height: 40rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
display: block;
position: static;
width: auto;
height: 5rem;
transition-property: none;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
font-size: 0;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for primary-nav --><style scope="primary-nav-1">.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus {
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
position: relative;
display: flex;
height: 4rem;
grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart search user';
-ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem 4rem;
grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem 4rem;
-ms-grid-rows: 100%;
grid-template-rows: 100%;
background: #222;
border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.hide-search.primary-nav {
grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart user';
-ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem;
grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display: flex;
margin-left: auto;
user-select: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav {
background: none;
color: inherit;
border: none;
font: inherit;
cursor: pointer;
}
.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
position: static;
float: left;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 5px 0 10px;
-webkit-transform: translate(0, 0);
-ms-transform: translate(0, 0);
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
display: flex;
justify-content: left;
align-items: center;
}
.primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav {
grid-column-start: hamburger-start;
grid-column-end: user-end;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 2.7rem;
display: inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 9.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right: 5px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
grid-area: hamburger;
padding: 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
fill: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill: rgb(255, 0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 .sr-only.primary-nav {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
-webkit-clip-path: inset(50%);
clip-path: inset(50%);
user-select: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav {
padding: 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 4rem;
width: 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display: none;
font-size: 1.3rem;
vertical-align: middle;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
color: #999;
padding: 0.5rem;
height: 100%;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:hover,.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:focus {
color: #fff;
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background: #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display: block;
width: 3rem;
height: 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav {
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-flex;
}
.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline-offset: 1px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 906px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo'] {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display: initial;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav .user-info.primary-nav {
float: right;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.primary-nav-1 {
;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
display: flex;
z-index: 4;
height: 5rem;
padding-right: 1.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo-mobile'] {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right: 10px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav {
display: block;
float: right;
vertical-align: middle;
height: 100%;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
background: transparent;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display: block;
padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
float: right;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-decoration: none;
color: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover {
color: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
vertical-align: middle;
fill: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav {
fill: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav {
float: right;
margin-left: 1rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
max-width: 165px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display: inline;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for user-menu --><!-- Shady DOM styles for search-menu --><style scope="search-menu-1">.search-menu-1 .menu-wrapper.search-menu {
position: relative;
}
.search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus {
outline-color: #428bca;
outline-width: 0.16rem;
outline-style: auto;
outline-offset: 2px !important;
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 4;
padding: 0 4.5rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
}
.search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu {
overflow: hidden;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
top: -1500px;
}
.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem;
display: block;
}
.search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu {
text-decoration: none;
color: #428bca;
line-height: normal;
padding: 0.5rem;
margin-top: 5px;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
overflow: visible;
right: 2rem;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
color: #333;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 .open.search-menu {
opacity: 1;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu {
padding: 0;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 0;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu {
padding-top: 7px;
}
.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem 0 0 0;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-wayback-search --><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-search --><style scope="wayback-search-1">.wayback-search-1 {
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
max-width: 600px;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-top: 0;
font-weight: 200;
}
.wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search {
font-weight: 500;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: 0.7rem 2rem;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-align: center;
border: none;
border-radius: 7px;
background-color: #fcf5e6;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97;
}
.wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
width: 100%;
max-width: 215px;
max-height: 60px;
margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 3rem;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem;
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color: #858585;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 2rem;
background: #eee;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus {
border-color: #66afe9;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);
outline: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
position: absolute;
top: 2px;
left: 3px;
width: 2.4rem;
height: 2.4rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #999;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus + svg.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 3rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
margin: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: inline-block;
width: 50%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
width: 2.8rem;
height: 2.8rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #333;
}
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: .5rem;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
padding-left: 3rem;
margin-top: .3rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-color: #bca38e;
background: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color: #8e8e8e;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
margin: 0 1.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for save-page-form --><style scope="save-page-form-1">.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
grid-column-gap: .8rem;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: none;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] {
width: 100%;
height: 3rem;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #999;
border-radius: .5rem;
color: #222;
font-size: inherit;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: none;
-moz-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
padding: .4rem .8rem;
font: normal 1.3rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #fff;
border: none;
border-radius: 16px;
background: #222;
cursor: pointer;
}
.save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form {
display: none;
margin-top: .5rem;
font-weight: bold;
color: #ffcd27;
}
.save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form {
display: block;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-slider --><style scope="wayback-slider-1">.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 0;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 {
display: block;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for more-slider --><style scope="more-slider-1">.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: -1rem 0 0 0;
list-style: none;
}
.more-slider-1 a.more-slider {
display: block;
padding: 1rem 0;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-subnav --><style scope="media-subnav-1">.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 0;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
.media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav {
display: block;
width: 90px;
height: 90px;
margin: 0 auto 1rem auto;
border-radius: 45px;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
margin-top: 0;
font-size: 1.8rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-pack: space-evenly;
-ms-flex-pack: space-evenly;
justify-content: space-evenly;
text-align: center;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: inline-block;
width: 12rem;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: center;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav {
margin-left: 2rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
}
.media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
-ms-grid-column-span: 3;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
padding-top: 3.5rem;
max-width: 16rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav {
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 2;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: block;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%;
grid-template-columns: 50% 50%;
-ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7];
grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto);
grid-column-gap: 3rem;
grid-auto-flow: column;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-slider --><style scope="media-slider-1">.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider {
position: relative;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 3rem;
right: 0;
left: 0;
height: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition: height 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 0;
height: 31.9rem;
overflow-x: hidden;
font-size: 1.4rem;
background: #333;
}
.media-slider-1 .open.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider {
display: none;
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
padding: 1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
display: block;
height: 35.8rem;
left: 4rem;
top: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
left: 0;
z-index: 3;
height: auto;
min-height: 21rem;
background: #474747;
transform: translate(0, -100%);
transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
height: 22rem;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider {
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
max-width: 100rem;
padding: 1.5rem 0;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for desktop-subnav --><style scope="desktop-subnav-1">.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
padding: .8rem 0;
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.2rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-align: center;
background: #333;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0 15px;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #aaa;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus {
color: #fff;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav {
width: 1.6rem;
height: 1.6rem;
vertical-align: top;
fill: #f00;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for signed-out-dropdown --><style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown {
position: relative;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
z-index: 4;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
top: -1500px;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
transition-duration: 0.5s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
max-width: 100vw;
overflow: auto;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.6rem 2rem;
margin: 0;
font-size: inherit;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px);
overflow: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
margin: 0.5rem 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
display: block;
color: #fff;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
font-size: 0.8em;
color: #999;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .callout.signed-out-dropdown {
position: absolute;
margin-left: 10px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fee257;
color: #2c2c2c;
font-size: 1.4rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display: flex;
justify-content: left;
align-items: center;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown svg.signed-out-dropdown {
fill: #fff;
margin-right: 1rem;
height: 1.4rem;
width: 1.4rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
display: flex;
overflow: visible;
top: 0;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
display: none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
border-bottom-color: #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
color: #333;
transition: background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
font-size: 0.8em;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus {
color: #fff;
background: #428bca;
outline: none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 1;
overflow: visible;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display: none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 33.5rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 18.5rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 40rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 26rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-topnav --><style scope="ia-topnav-1">.ia-topnav-1 {
;
color: #fff;
font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus {
outline: none !important;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav {
display: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 3;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav {
display: block;
}
.ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 4;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav {
display: none;
}
}</style><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; }
body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
</style>
<ia-topnav locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="866 billion" class="x-scope ia-topnav-1"><!---->
<div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav">
<primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1"><!---->
<nav class="style-scope primary-nav">
<button class="hamburger style-scope primary-nav" title="Open main menu" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHamburger">
<icon-hamburger class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope icon-hamburger-1"><!---->
<svg viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="hamburgerTitleID hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">
<title id="hamburgerTitleID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">Hamburger icon</title>
<desc id="hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon.</desc>
<path d="m30.5 26.5c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5z" fill="#999" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"></path>
</svg>
</icon-hamburger>
</button>
<div class="branding style-scope primary-nav">
<a title="Go home" class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome"><!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID">
<title id="logoTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Internet Archive logo</title>
<desc id="logoDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<mask id="mask-2" fill="white" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="M26.6666667,28.6046512 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0.000283687943,28.6046512 L26.6666667,28.6046512 Z M25.6140351,26.5116279 L25.6140351,28.255814 L1.05263158,28.255814 L1.05263158,26.5116279 L25.6140351,26.5116279 Z M3.62469203,7.6744186 L3.91746909,7.82153285 L4.0639977,10.1739544 L4.21052632,13.9963932 L4.21052632,17.6725617 L4.0639977,22.255044 L4.03962296,25.3421929 L3.62469203,25.4651163 L2.16024641,25.4651163 L1.72094074,25.3421929 L1.55031755,22.255044 L1.40350877,17.6970339 L1.40350877,14.0211467 L1.55031755,10.1739544 L1.68423854,7.80887484 L1.98962322,7.6744186 L3.62469203,7.6744186 Z M24.6774869,7.6744186 L24.9706026,7.82153285 L25.1168803,10.1739544 L25.2631579,13.9963932 L25.2631579,17.6725617 L25.1168803,22.255044 L25.0927809,25.3421929 L24.6774869,25.4651163 L23.2130291,25.4651163 L22.7736357,25.3421929 L22.602418,22.255044 L22.4561404,17.6970339 L22.4561404,14.0211467 L22.602418,10.1739544 L22.7369262,7.80887484 L23.0420916,7.6744186 L24.6774869,7.6744186 Z M9.94042303,7.6744186 L10.2332293,7.82153285 L10.3797725,10.1739544 L10.5263158,13.9963932 L10.5263158,17.6725617 L10.3797725,22.255044 L10.3556756,25.3421929 L9.94042303,25.4651163 L8.47583122,25.4651163 L8.0362015,25.3421929 L7.86556129,22.255044 L7.71929825,17.6970339 L7.71929825,14.0211467 L7.86556129,10.1739544 L8.00005604,7.80887484 L8.30491081,7.6744186 L9.94042303,7.6744186 Z M18.0105985,7.6744186 L18.3034047,7.82153285 L18.449948,10.1739544 L18.5964912,13.9963932 L18.5964912,17.6725617 L18.449948,22.255044 L18.425851,25.3421929 L18.0105985,25.4651163 L16.5460067,25.4651163 L16.1066571,25.3421929 L15.9357367,22.255044 L15.7894737,17.6970339 L15.7894737,14.0211467 L15.9357367,10.1739544 L16.0702315,7.80887484 L16.3753664,7.6744186 L18.0105985,7.6744186 Z M25.6140351,4.53488372 L25.6140351,6.97674419 L1.05263158,6.97674419 L1.05263158,4.53488372 L25.6140351,4.53488372 Z M13.0806755,0 L25.9649123,2.93331338 L25.4484139,3.8372093 L0.771925248,3.8372093 L0,3.1041615 L13.0806755,0 Z" id="path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</mask>
<use fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></use>
<g mask="url(#mask-2)" fill="#FFFFFF" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="M0,0 L26.6666667,0 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0,0 Z" id="swatch" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg class="ia-wordmark stacked style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 95 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<g transform="translate(0 17)" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="m3.07645967 2.60391777c.09263226-.31901841.26275495-.97477846.26275495-1.10630359 0-.74950669-.57227138-.76816274-1.19041353-.88009902v-.41183224h2.90678232l3.77209227 12.60682378h-1.60725868l-1.16012991-3.8963154h-3.94266032l-1.15968456 3.8963154h-.95794221zm-.69607795 5.4317081h3.41670507l-1.76223957-5.469953z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m13.2661876 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0316196-1.85487748-1.469201-2.13611739v-.41183224h3.8032666c1.1601299 0 4.3599508 0 4.3599508 3.35342446 0 2.13518459-1.143652 2.84737918-2.3652399 3.0903742l2.8448791 6.16302512h-1.7773814l-2.7366596-5.82581707h-.9588329v5.82581707h-1.7007817zm1.7007817 3.35295806h.8817878c1.0042583 0 2.411556-.33674165 2.411556-2.43508055 0-2.0237147-.9588329-2.58572812-2.2579112-2.58572812-1.0354326 0-1.0354326.33720805-1.0354326 1.68650665z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m30.9386422 12.2878054c-.5250645.2817063-1.3761234.7121946-2.9682403.7121946-3.3552471 0-4.5612478-2.4537366-4.5612478-6.66860403 0-3.4089262.86531-6.18214759 4.3136347-6.18214759 1.3761234 0 2.3812724.28077351 3.0920468.56201342l.0930776 3.12908549h-.4484648c-.0619033-.95612241-.9125167-2.79187744-2.5821241-2.79187744-2.2726076 0-2.6440273 2.94065941-2.6440273 5.28292612 0 2.95931547.8510588 5.61966783 2.9994146 5.61966783 1.4692009 0 2.2267368-.5620135 2.7059306-.9551897z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m35.4546446 2.67900836c0-1.48129014-.0926322-1.64966096-1.5466914-1.83622143v-.41276504l3.2470277-.43002189v5.80669465h4.2049699v-5.60101173h1.7007816v12.60682378h-1.7007816v-6.12571303h-4.2049699v6.12571303h-1.7003363z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m46.0300434 12.3447063c1.0973359 0 1.3137748-.2807735 1.3137748-1.7420083v-8.05568117c0-1.46123489-.2164389-1.741542-1.3137748-1.741542v-.46919958h4.3287765v.46919958c-1.0826395 0-1.3137748.28030711-1.3137748 1.741542v8.05568117c0 1.4612348.2311353 1.7420083 1.3137748 1.7420083v.4678004h-4.3287765z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m55.1990352 2.60391777c-.494781-1.7051627-.6341747-1.7051627-1.8709043-1.98640261v-.41183224h2.9994145l3.0301436 10.26548988h.0307289l2.9535438-10.26548988h1.0042584l-3.771647 12.60682378h-1.344949z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m67.7842867 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0463161-1.85487748-1.4687557-2.13611739v-.41183224h7.4061269l.0463161 2.77228859h-.433323c0-1.49854698-.6488711-1.89218957-1.6696073-1.89218957h-1.2060007c-.7726777 0-.9735293.07462419-.9735293.97431206v3.7279446h1.8709043c1.0657162 0 1.174381-.82366447 1.2674586-1.44164603h.4324323v3.93316112h-.4324323c0-1.01162415-.3402454-1.61141607-1.2674586-1.61141607h-1.8709043v4.17755538c0 1.0489362.2008516 1.0867147.9735293 1.0867147h1.7168141c.8804518 0 1.2977423-.3749865 1.3908199-1.835755h.433323l-.0472068 2.715854h-6.1685065z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
<path d="m1.55575146 9.89647882v-7.6678574c0-1.39053729-.25677019-1.65867172-1.55575146-1.65867172v-.44528687h5.12561364v.44528687c-1.28118091 0-1.55575146.26813443-1.55575146 1.65867172v7.6678574c0 1.39097468.27457055 1.65735948 1.55575146 1.65735948v.4461617h-5.12561364v-.4461617c1.29898127 0 1.55575146-.2663848 1.55575146-1.65735948z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m9.92299051 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.25588017-1.58649851-1.83032201-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8626781l5.7664266 9.70008019h.0364907v-9.70008019h1.1534634v12h-1.7577856l-6.0405521-10.14492965h-.0369358v10.14492965h-1.15346329z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m25.631543.83808413h-1.2633805c-1.4458343 0-1.8668128.44572428-1.977175 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0729815-2.5864256h9.3727795l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.37304075-.5860768-1.8012685-1.9954203-1.8012685h-1.2442452v11.16191587h-2.0141107z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m36.1050097 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0556262-1.7654006-1.7399852-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7685305-1.8012685-1.9762849-1.8012685h-1.4284789c-.9153835 0-1.1534633.0717358-1.1534633.92775388v3.54829773h2.2152547c1.2629356 0 1.3906532-.7851571 1.5010154-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010154-1.53313407h-2.2152547v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1534633 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5375061-.356492 1.6469783-1.74702926h.5135404l-.0551812 2.58511336h-7.3034876z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m48.1689385 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0364908-1.7654006-1.7382052-2.0326602v-.39235985h4.5026011c1.3732977 0 5.1621043 0 5.1621043 3.19180579 0 2.03309761-1.3537173 2.71065102-2.8004416 2.94248013l3.3682731 5.86571408h-2.1053376l-3.2396655-5.54552745h-1.1352179v5.54552745h-2.0141107zm2.0141107 3.19136837h1.0439911c1.189064 0 2.8556227-.32018663 2.8556227-2.31697893 0-1.92680615-1.1352179-2.46132536-2.673169-2.46132536-1.2264448 0-1.2264448.32062404-1.2264448 1.6057447z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m61.4610921 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.2567702-1.58649851-1.830767-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8622331l5.7659816 9.70008019h.0369357v-9.70008019h1.1534633v12h-1.7568955l-6.0414421-10.14492965h-.0364908v10.14492965h-1.1530183z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m75.1550889 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0547361-1.7654006-1.7390952-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7694205-1.8012685-1.9771749-1.8012685h-1.4280339c-.9149385 0-1.1530183.0717358-1.1530183.92775388v3.54829773h2.2148098c1.2633805 0 1.3906531-.7851571 1.5010153-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010153-1.53313407h-2.2148098v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1530183 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5379511-.356492 1.6478683-1.74702926h.5126504l-.0551811 2.58511336h-7.3039327z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m89.2335734.83808413h-1.2624905c-1.4462793 0-1.8672578.44572428-1.97762 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0734265-2.5864256h9.3718895l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5122054c0-1.37304075-.5856318-1.8012685-1.9958653-1.8012685h-1.2446902v11.16191587h-2.0136657z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
</div>
<media-menu class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope media-menu-1"><!---->
<div class="media-menu-container closed style-scope media-menu">
<div class="overflow-clip style-scope media-menu">
<nav class="media-menu-inner style-scope media-menu" aria-expanded="false">
<div class="menu-group style-scope media-menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="web"><!---->
<a class="menu-item web style-scope media-button" href="https://web.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuWeb" title="Expand web menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="webTitleID webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="webTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Web icon</title>
<desc id="webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a computer application window</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m8 28.7585405v-8.1608108-9.3577297h24v9.3577297 8.1608108zm14.2702703-15.8863783h-12.43243246v2.6114594h12.43243246zm7.7837838 14.0365946v-7.0727027-1.8497838h-20.21621626v1.8497838 7.0727027zm-3.7837838-14.0365946h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027zm4 0h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Wayback Machine</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="texts"><!---->
<a class="menu-item texts style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuTexts" title="Expand texts menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="textsTitleID textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="textsTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Texts icon</title>
<desc id="textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an open book.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.3323235 11.0007023h6.9060825c.8851083 0 1.5847122.3064258 2.0988114.9192774v14.4324451h-.6460032c-.1435563-.120323-.3528315-.2434552-.6278257-.3693964-.2749942-.1259413-.5201585-.2191097-.7354929-.2795053l-.3048241-.1081503h-5.7042647c-.3108832 0-.5621067-.0601615-.7536705-.1804846-.0717781-.0599274-.1256117-.1439663-.1615008-.2521166-.0358891-.1081502-.0598928-.2043619-.0720112-.2886348v-13.8741368zm19.1752505 0v13.603761c-.0717781.3361555-.2211606.5943584-.4481473.7746089-.0717781.0599274-.1733862.1079162-.304824.1439663-.1314379.0360501-.2451643.0601615-.3411793.0723343h-5.5965975c-.9568865.2640552-1.5068748.5164059-1.649965.757052h-.6634817v-14.4324451c.5140992-.6128516 1.2076439-.9192774 2.0806339-.9192774h6.92426zm1.3814961.6489017-.1796783 15.2976474c-.0955489 0-1.0342578.0119386-2.8161268.035816-1.7818691.0238773-3.3006293.0898911-4.5562806.1980414-1.2556514.1081503-1.9613144.2884008-2.1169891.5407514-.0955488.1924233-.5439291.273419-1.345141.2429871-.8012118-.0304319-1.3155441-.1776755-1.5429969-.4417308-.334654-.3843783-3.4558378-.5765674-9.36355164-.5765674v-15.3875385l-.96830576.3960828v16.2702977c6.4096947-.2041278 9.7760429-.0840388 10.0990445.3602669.2391051.276228.9864833.414342 2.2421347.414342.1915638 0 .4187835-.0210682.6816593-.0632047s.4810068-.0870821.6543929-.1348367c.1733862-.0477547.2719646-.0838048.2957353-.1081503.0838965-.1563732.9599161-.2675666 2.6280587-.3335805 1.6681426-.0660138 3.3213703-.0931684 4.9596831-.0814638l2.4392915.0182591v-16.2344816z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Texts</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="video"><!---->
<a class="menu-item video style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuVideo" title="Expand video menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="videoTitleID videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="videoTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Video icon</title>
<desc id="videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two cells of a film strip.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m31.0117647 12.0677966c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm-4.0941176-10.440678c0 .5423729-.4235295.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647058 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-.1411765 11.2542373c0 .5423729-.4235294.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647059 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-14.9647059-17.220339c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm20.0470588-20.4745763h-.8470588v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.27118644-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-16.5176471v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.27118644-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-1.12941176v24h1.12941176v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661v.6779661.2711864h16.6588235v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.282353-.6779661.7058824-.6779661h1.2705882c.4235294 0 .7058824.2711864.7058824.6779661v.6779661.2711864h.8470588v-24z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Video</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="audio"><!---->
<a class="menu-item audio style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuAudio" title="Expand audio menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40px" height="40px" viewBox="0 0 40 40" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="audioTitleID audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="audioTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Audio icon</title>
<desc id="audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an audio speaker.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope media-button">
<g transform="translate(10, 8)" class="fill-color style-scope media-button">
<path d="M19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,20.7200433 C19.4264564,22.3657576 18.8838179,23.2519114 16.8489237,23.2519114 C12.2364969,23.125318 7.75972977,23.125318 3.14730298,23.2519114 C1.24806842,23.2519114 0.569770368,22.492351 0.569770368,20.7200433 L0.569770368,2.74377955 C0.569770368,1.09806526 1.11240881,0.211911416 3.14730298,0.211911416 C7.75972977,0.338504822 12.2364969,0.338504822 16.8489237,0.211911416 C18.7481583,0.211911416 19.4264564,0.971471855 19.4264564,2.74377955 C19.2907967,5.78202131 19.4264564,8.82026306 19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,11.8585048 Z M10.0659432,2.74377955 C8.16670861,2.74377955 6.67445288,4.13630702 6.67445288,5.90861471 C6.67445288,7.6809224 8.16670861,9.07344988 10.0659432,9.07344988 C11.9651777,9.07344988 13.4574335,7.6809224 13.4574335,5.90861471 C13.4574335,4.13630702 11.8295181,2.74377955 10.0659432,2.74377955 L10.0659432,2.74377955 Z M10.0659432,11.4787246 C7.21709133,11.4787246 5.04653754,13.6308125 5.04653754,16.1626806 C5.04653754,18.8211422 7.35275094,20.8466367 10.0659432,20.8466367 C12.914795,20.8466367 15.0853488,18.6945488 15.0853488,16.1626806 C15.0853488,13.6308125 12.7791354,11.4787246 10.0659432,11.4787246 L10.0659432,11.4787246 Z" class="style-scope media-button"></path>
<ellipse cx="10.2016028" cy="16.5690777" rx="1.35659611" ry="1.34075134" class="style-scope media-button"></ellipse>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Audio</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="software"><!---->
<a class="menu-item software style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuSoftware" title="Expand software menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="softwareTitleID softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="softwareTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Software icon</title>
<desc id="softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m32 30.6900373v-21.44521088c0-.82988428-.4156786-1.24482642-1.2470357-1.24482642h-21.50592858c-.83135715 0-1.24703572.4221795-1.24703572 1.26653851v21.44521089c0 .8588337.41567857 1.2882506 1.24703572 1.2882506h21.48327168c.8458575 0 1.2687863-.4366542 1.2687863-1.3099627zm-5.9950155-20.4410268v6.114667c0 .6694561-.3428744 1.0041841-1.0286232 1.0041841h-10.1294464c-.2622159 0-.4773054-.0802141-.6452685-.2406423s-.2519447-.3642806-.2519447-.6115572v-6.1363791l.0217506-.1311772h12.0326259zm-4.9437353.8295827v5.0010178h3.0405558v-5.0010178zm-9.7134658 18.8035735v-7.753025c0-.5241057.1604108-.9025595.4812325-1.1353613.1897138-.1453504.4011782-.2180256.6343932-.2180256h14.7451099c.3208217 0 .5905898.1091636.8093044.3274907s.3280719.5023936.3280719.8521995v7.8181612l-.0217506.1094652h-16.9772676z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Software</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="images"><!---->
<a class="menu-item images style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuImages" title="Expand images menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="imagesTitleID imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="imagesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Images icon</title>
<desc id="imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two photographs.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m20.8219178 15.3769871c0 1.1136708-.8767123 1.8932404-1.8630137 1.8932404s-1.9726027-.8909367-1.9726027-1.8932404c0-1.0023038.8767123-1.8932404 1.9726027-1.8932404.9863014 0 1.8630137.8909366 1.8630137 1.8932404zm-5.9178082-3.7864808h15.4520548v6.0138225l-1.9726028-3.3410125-2.6301369 6.3479237-2.1917809-2.67281-6.1369863 5.1228859h-2.5205479zm-1.7534247-1.6705063v14.9231892h18.8493151v-14.9231892zm-2.9589041 7.2388604c.2191781 0 1.9726028-.3341012 1.9726028-.3341012v-2.0046075l-4.1643836.5568354c.43835616 4.7887846.87671233 9.9116704 1.31506849 14.700455 6.02739731-.5568354 13.26027401-1.5591391 19.39726031-2.1159746-.1095891-.5568354-.1095891-2.0046075-.2191781-2.67281-.4383562.1113671-1.4246575 0-1.8630137.1113671v.8909367c-5.1506849.4454683-10.3013699 1.1136708-15.4520548 1.6705062.109589-.111367-.5479452-7.0161262-.9863014-10.8026071z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Images</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="donate"><!---->
<a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/donate/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" title="Expand donate menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Donate</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="more"><!---->
<a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" href="https://archive.org/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" title="Expand more menu">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="ellipsesTitleID ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="ellipsesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Ellipses icon</title>
<desc id="ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of text ellipses.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.5 17.5c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5c-1.38071187 0-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5s1.11928813-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$41953201$-->More</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!---->
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</media-menu>
<div class="right-side-section style-scope primary-nav">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<a class="mobile-donate-link style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.6,8.12c-1.57,-1.51 -3.46,-2.21 -5.65,-2.11c-1,0.03 -2.14,0.51 -3.42,1.44c-1.28,0.92 -2.28,2.09 -3.03,3.51c-0.71,-1.41 -1.72,-2.59 -3,-3.51c-1.29,-0.93 -2.43,-1.41 -3.41,-1.44c-1.46,-0.07 -2.8,0.23 -4.02,0.88c-1.23,0.65 -2.21,1.6 -2.94,2.83c-0.74,1.24 -1.11,2.63 -1.12,4.17c-0.05,2.56 0.85,5.01 2.68,7.37c1.46,1.88 3.52,4.21 6.19,7.04c2.66,2.81 4.53,4.71 5.62,5.69c1,-0.88 2.85,-2.75 5.55,-5.6s4.81,-5.23 6.31,-7.13c1.81,-2.36 2.71,-4.81 2.66,-7.37c-0.04,-2.35 -0.83,-4.28 -2.4,-5.77z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="sr-only style-scope primary-nav">"Donate to the archive"</span>
</a>
<!--?lit$41953201$--><div class="user-info style-scope primary-nav">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1"><!---->
<div class="logged-out-toolbar style-scope login-button">
<a class="dropdown-toggle style-scope login-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavLoginIcon">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">
<title id="userTitleID" class="style-scope login-button">User icon</title>
<desc id="userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">An illustration of a person's head and chest.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope login-button" d="m20.7130435 18.0434783c-3.5658385 0-6.4565218-2.9198821-6.4565218-6.5217392 0-3.60185703 2.8906833-6.5217391 6.4565218-6.5217391s6.4565217 2.91988207 6.4565217 6.5217391c0 3.6018571-2.8906832 6.5217392-6.4565217 6.5217392zm-12.9130435 16.9565217c0-7.9240855 5.7813665-14.3478261 12.9130435-14.3478261s12.9130435 6.4237406 12.9130435 14.3478261z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<span class="style-scope login-button">
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="https://archive.org/account/signup">Sign up</a>
|
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="https://archive.org/account/login">Log in</a>
</span>
</div>
</login-button>
</div>
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="https://archive.org/create">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="uploadTitleID uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="uploadTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload icon</title>
<desc id="uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
<span class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload</span>
</a>
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<button class="search-trigger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchOpen">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<nav-search class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope nav-search-1"><!---->
<div class="search-activated fade-in search-inactive style-scope nav-search">
<form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="https://archive.org/search" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit">
<input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value="">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope nav-search">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope nav-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</form>
</div>
</nav-search>
</div>
</nav>
</primary-nav>
<media-slider class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope media-slider-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="media-slider-container style-scope media-slider">
<div class="overflow-clip closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="information-menu closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="info-box style-scope media-slider">
<media-subnav menu="audio" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Internet Archive Audio</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/etree" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LiveMusicArchiveAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/etree"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Live Music Archive</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/librivoxaudio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LibrivoxFreeAudioAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/librivoxaudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Librivox Free Audio</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllAudioAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->All Audio</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/GratefulDead" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GratefulDeadAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Grateful Dead</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/netlabels" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NetlabelsAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Netlabels</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/oldtimeradio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldTimeRadioAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Old Time Radio</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/78rpm" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|78RPMsAndCylinderRecordingsAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_bookspoetry" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AudioBooks&PoetryAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Audio Books & Poetry</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_tech" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers,TechnologyAndScienceAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Computers, Technology and Science</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_music" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Music,Arts&CultureAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Music, Arts & Culture</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_news" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->News & Public Affairs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/audio_religion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Spirituality & Religion</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/podcasts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PodcastsAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Podcasts</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/radio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|RadioNewsArchiveAudio"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Radio News Archive</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="images" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Images</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MetropolitanMuseumImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Metropolitan Museum</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/clevelandart" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClevelandMuseumOfArtImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/clevelandart"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Cleveland Museum of Art</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllImagesImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->All Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/flickrcommons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FlickrCommonsImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Flickr Commons</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetFlickrImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Occupy Wall Street Flickr</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CoverArtImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Cover Art</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|USGSMapsImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->USGS Maps</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/nasa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NASAImagesImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->NASA Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/solarsystemcollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SolarSystemCollectionImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Solar System Collection</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/amesresearchcenterimagelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmesResearchCenterImages"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Ames Research Center</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="software" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Software</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/internetarcade" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|InternetArcadeSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/internetarcade"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Internet Arcade</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/consolelivingroom" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ConsoleLivingRoomSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/consolelivingroom"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Console Living Room</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->All Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tosec" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldSchoolEmulationSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Old School Emulation</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->MS-DOS Games</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|HistoricalSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Historical Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/classicpcgames" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClassicPCGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Classic PC Games</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Software Library</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/kodi_archive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|KodiArchiveAndSupportFileSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Kodi Archive and Support File</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/vintagesoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VintageSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Vintage Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/apkarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|APKSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->APK</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_msdos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->MS-DOS</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cd-roms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->CD-ROM Software</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdromsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->CD-ROM Software Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwaresites" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareSitesSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Software Sites</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tucows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TucowsSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Tucows Software Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SharewareCD-ROMsSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Shareware CD-ROMs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarecapsules" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareCapsulesCompilationSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Software Capsules Compilation</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/cdromimages" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMImagesSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->CD-ROM Images</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_zx_spectrum" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ZXSpectrumSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->ZX Spectrum</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/doom-cds" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DOOMLevelCDSoftware"><!--?lit$41953201$-->DOOM Level CD</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="texts" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Texts</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://openlibrary.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OpenLibraryTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/images/widgetOL.png"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Open Library</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/americana"><!--?lit$41953201$-->American Libraries</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllTextsTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->All Texts</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/smithsonian" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SmithsonianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Smithsonian Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/fedlink" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FEDLINK(US)Texts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->FEDLINK (US)</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/genealogy" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GenealogyTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Genealogy</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/lincolncollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LincolnCollectionTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Lincoln Collection</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->American Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/toronto" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CanadianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Canadian Libraries</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/universallibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|UniversalLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Universal Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/gutenberg" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ProjectGutenbergTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Project Gutenberg</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/iacl" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Children'sLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Children's Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/biodiversity" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BiodiversityHeritageLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/booksbylanguage" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BooksByLanguageTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Books by Language</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/additional_collections" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AdditionalCollectionsTexts"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Additional Collections</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="video" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Video</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/tv" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNewsVideo"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/tv"><!--?lit$41953201$-->TV News</a>
<!----><!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/911" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Understanding9/11Video"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="https://archive.org/services/img/911"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Understanding 9/11</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllVideoVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->All Video</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/prelinger" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PrelingerArchivesVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Prelinger Archives</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/democracy_now_vid" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DemocracyNow!Video"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Democracy Now!</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/occupywallstreet" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Occupy Wall Street</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/nsa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNSAClipLibraryVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->TV NSA Clip Library</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/animationandcartoons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Animation&CartoonsVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Animation & Cartoons</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/artsandmusicvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Arts&MusicVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Arts & Music</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/computersandtechvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers&TechnologyVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Computers & Technology</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/culturalandacademicfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Cultural&AcademicFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Cultural & Academic Films</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/ephemera" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|EphemeralFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Ephemeral Films</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/moviesandfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MoviesVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Movies</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/newsandpublicaffairs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->News & Public Affairs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritualityandreligion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Spirituality & Religion</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/sports" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SportsVideosVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Sports Videos</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/television" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TelevisionVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Television</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/gamevideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VideogameVideosVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Videogame Videos</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/vlogs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VlogsVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Vlogs</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://archive.org/details/youth_media" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|YouthMediaVideo"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Youth Media</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</div>
</media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="web" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<wayback-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope wayback-slider-1"><!---->
<div class="grid style-scope wayback-slider">
<wayback-search class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope wayback-search-1" waybackpagesarchived="866 billion"><!---->
<form action="" method="post" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<p class="style-scope wayback-search">
Search the history of over <!--?lit$41953201$-->866 billion
<a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/" class="style-scope wayback-search">web pages</a>
on the Internet.
</p>
<fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search">
<a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org" class="style-scope wayback-search"><!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="55" viewBox="0 0 205 55" width="205" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="style-scope wayback-search"><g fill="none" class="style-scope wayback-search"><path d="m41.5442526 5.47625158v36.05869762s-.0825635.8039669.6808836.8039669c.7634442 0 .5779563-.8039669.5779563-.8039669v-36.05869762h5.4674088l.0001982 44.76728562c.0070059.1547261.1602174 4.7191467-6.1484876 4.7191467-6.1999371 0-6.1018528-4.697561-6.0880787-5.0160398l.0008628-1.7899844h5.5092566l.0006247 1.8215446c.0064131.111431.0698016.5292973.6598981.5292973.6808836 0 .5564693-.5981684.5564693-.5981684v-4.3726361s-.9489378 1.6294184-3.4044061 1.2370455c-2.4554712-.39237-2.8060919-1.8148639-2.9712219-2.4967105-.1651328-.6795829-.2680542-1.174855-.2680542-2.0625 0-.8599178-.0383122-34.61864321-.0406109-36.64339281l-.0001077-.09488771zm30.6351382 1.09344342c6.9117365 0 6.7805382 5.4445918 6.7805382 5.4445918v39.5210721h-5.7365952v-1.1522413s-2.086754 2.4978424-5.1507198.8955592c-3.0650979-1.6011513-2.5436924-5.1879097-2.5436924-5.1879097l.0000351-8.8028589c.0025794-.2398669.0684122-2.0251881 1.4352444-3.3674745 1.4669498-1.4405832 3.4553051-1.2178245 3.4553051-1.2178245h2.5425603v-20.4327721s-.0656021-.8966882-.7170766-.8966882c-.6526037 0-.6854033.9566179-.6854033.9566179v16.080489h-6.030665l-.0005626-16.2852138c-.0087587-.3366877-.0366527-5.555347 6.6510318-5.555347zm28.5031432-6.569695v31.41468l.711418.0192211c.593792 0 .593792-.4941403.593792-.4941403v-24.86759869h5.897202v21.90049339s.079171 1.404399-.791723 2.512539c-.870895 1.1081429-1.820962 1.1477197-1.820962 1.1477197s.989654.3946337 1.860548 1.4439758c.870894 1.0482132.791724 2.4921889.791724 2.4921889v14.4024477h-5.936789l-.000309-13.3243353c-.002165-.043998-.019484-.2297601-.158037-.3860879-.158343-.1775284-.277102-.1775284-.277102-.1775284h-.890123v13.8879516h-5.8180296v-49.9715266zm-14.2340414 8.02384579c5.9675612 0 6.2060902 4.59291681 6.2148001 5.06804611l.0002664 15.2041578h-5.556805v-15.4269123s-.0531603-.5009227-.6062332-.5009227c-.5519582 0-.5790885.42064-.5790885.42064v32.2254321s.079173.4477782.6582614.4477782c.4900102 0 .5467595-.3205986.552623-.4192443l.00045-8.2163433h5.4775891l.000339 7.8754281c.0126595.1654646.3391417 5.1294029-6.0570166 5.1294029-6.504565 0-6.1358477-5.1867779-6.1358477-5.1867779l-.0006428-31.5032204c-.0096883-.3249184-.0495263-5.11746431 6.0313048-5.11746431zm-73.7580006-5.70016816v42.49270187h.5575988s.2081099.2374581.5010473-.0554082.1956685-.3901121.1956685-.3901121v-42.04605262l5.7004019.00115789.0007682 41.01721663c.015678.1470376.248026 2.5994908-1.4903372 4.3374305-1.792686 1.7922473-4.4053704 1.6101973-4.4053704 1.6101973h-7.83579091s-2.61381542.18205-4.40650134-1.6101973c-1.79268592-1.7922503-1.48843833-4.344369-1.48843833-4.344369v-41.01027813l5.69927118-.00115789v42.04605262s-.09726862.0972458.19566849.3901121c.29293741.2928663.50217829.0554082.50217829.0554082h.55646783v-42.49270187zm44.8442957-.59701342s2.8128759.11081342 4.2515488 1.54913579 1.3572386 4.52302632 1.3572386 4.52302632v20.17269738s.1085791 1.6825658-.8324397 2.4967105c-.9410187.8141447-1.5743967.9950658-1.5743967.9950658s1.0495978.5789474 1.6105898 1.3026316c.5609919.7236842.7419571 1.3930921.7419571 2.3881579l.0007115 7.6426204c.0126941.1435677.1783816 2.2493941-.8874408 3.6468533-1.1038873 1.4473684-2.4430294 2.1348684-5.2298927 2.1348684h-6.4604558v-46.85176739zm14.5337626 35.74095399s-.1673942-.0203558-.3777654.1843136c-.2092421.2069274-.1459043.3301795-.1459043.3301795v8.4524058s.1673942.4523026.7329089.4523026c.5643854 0 .648084-.4523026.648084-.4523026v-8.9465489zm-44.3104484-34.72101373c5.9643432 0 6.16707 4.5349604 6.1720848 5.00409423l-.0000412 36.6461958h-5.2231058v-1.0674342s-1.8990049 2.3135258-4.6881295.8299731c-2.7891246-1.4824208-2.3140925-4.8057147-2.3140925-4.8057147l.0000416-8.1558683c.0025667-.229176.064831-1.8776574 1.3051717-3.1166422 1.3357486-1.3354261 3.1454001-1.1273669 3.1454001-1.1273669h2.3140896v-18.92660288s-.0588122-.831105-.6526037-.831105-.6232005.88538132-.6232005.88538132v14.89545606h-5.4888988l-.0005553-15.08585244c-.0080458-.3266358-.0237133-5.14451389 6.0538395-5.14451389zm28.932117 33.13115253-.4776089-.0000064v8.3947599h.705764c.5067025 0 .560992-.7236842.560992-.7236842v-6.712171c0-.9769737-.7962466-.9589047-.7962466-.9589047zm-29.0339092-4.5105709s-.1526883-.0203529-.3438338.1707431c-.1900134.191099-.1323304.305305-.1323304.305305v7.8282282s.1515591.419511.6661776.419511c.5146186 0 .5915302-.419511.5915302-.419511v-8.2861842zm29.0087131-25.54039926c-.6808813 0-.5443092.01385177-.4995274.01731471l.0109215.0007774v25.52796055s1.3391421.1085526 1.3391421-1.3569079v-23.35690792s.1085791-.83223684-.8505362-.83223684z" fill="#ab2e33" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path><path d="m164.347608 2.25946661v7.4442539c.21729-.35229187 1.198489-1.67028746 3.735798-1.67028746 3.534354 0 3.281982 3.91684325 3.281982 3.91684325v39.9180342h-3.988173l-.000094-38.4191634c-.002249-.1296195-.058484-1.7498629-1.464346-1.7498629-1.087582 0-1.450864.5267465-1.565167 1.1683005v39.1020256h-4.190748v-49.71014369zm23.367699 5.4959617c3.58528 0 3.32838 3.94160559 3.32838 3.94160559v40.1712766h-4.045888l-.000761-38.6884533c-.008742-.2394578-.118025-1.7360686-1.484053-1.7360686-1.103423 0-1.471231.5301234-1.587799 1.1750516v39.3496435h-4.250729v-43.92154285h4.250729v1.38890288c.220685-.35566881 1.216596-1.68041542 3.790121-1.68041542zm11.392998-.52112204c6.124855 0 5.736674 5.39691513 5.736674 5.39691513v24.2844279h-7.17056l.000077 9.2728055c.001997 1.1852594.055922 2.3291557 1.511897 2.3291557 1.511974 0 1.588933-1.3483852 1.588933-1.3483852v-6.1679026h4.108134l-.00035 5.6892637c-.01289 1.7887967-.410235 4.8333128-5.736327 4.8333128-5.22451 0-5.490421-3.8596058-5.502952-4.1455025l-.000589-34.6706379s-.65866-5.47345253 5.465063-5.47345253zm-72.839588-6.23430627c4.55044 0 4.748706 4.49835393 4.756437 5.01739476l.000233 44.68489444h-4.246265l-.000015-45.39546442c-.001065-.11122824-.038841-1.27912478-1.155468-1.27912478-.689016 0-1.239407-.0003988-1.575847-.00072723l-.366181-.00042531v46.67574174h-4.288077v-46.69262361h-1.942025c-1.0608 0-1.147931 1.05402663-1.154906 1.2547936l-.00058 45.43783001h-4.296023l.000269-45.03840883c.008379-.46638804.223774-4.66388037 5.263374-4.66388037zm12.746531 4.73059864c5.939252 0 5.529572 4.80151166 5.529572 4.80151166v39.1864407h-3.791254v-1.7040541s-.748065 1.776088-2.920962 1.8481219-4.418224-.1913422-4.418224-3.9371049l.000537-10.0356421c.009666-.3007246.1911-3.4583326 3.548528-3.4583326h3.5253l-.000596-22.2422593c-.009853-.1121552-.157986-1.45801702-1.592862-1.45801702-1.497271 0-1.484813 1.94491522-1.484813 1.94491522v17.4051907h-3.99949l-.000952-17.7112484c-.014831-.304231-.125641-4.63952176 5.605216-4.63952176zm12.457944.74622797c5.704988 0 5.452616 4.56852529 5.452616 4.56852529v16.2188817h-3.836522v-16.7703934s-.202578-1.40578478-1.51537-1.40578478c-1.193447 0-1.427274 1.16180558-1.459925 1.37304298l-.004518.0327418v32.5368129c0 .9038006.353096 1.9584201 1.565167 1.9584201 1.212068 0 1.363719-1.3551363 1.363719-1.3551363v-9.239474h3.786725l.000848 7.3579585c.013087 2.5821014.10472 5.9480539-5.301813 5.9480539-5.604264 0-5.201371-4.7699955-5.201371-4.7699955l-.000475-31.3866454c-.017056-.171763-.453979-5.06700779 5.150919-5.06700779zm26.215101 3.66584829v37.0051649h-3.533221v-37.0051649zm-37.199548 25.1702202h-1.714552s-.530775.0720339-.917823.4558391c-.385924.3838082-.409681.9848389-.409681.9848389v8.5236357s.096195 1.56111 1.568559 1.56111c1.473497 0 1.473497-1.6095052 1.473497-1.6095052zm58.697648-25.2264959c-1.433886 0-1.511974 1.7344408-1.511974 1.7344408v21.9725922h3.100907v-22.1256642s-.155047-1.5813688-1.588933-1.5813688zm-23.264712-5.31700073c1.129455 0 2.045015.68657238 2.045015 1.53184407 0 .84639831-.91556 1.53184695-2.045015 1.53184695s-2.045012-.68544864-2.045012-1.53184695c0-.84527169.915557-1.53184407 2.045012-1.53184407z" fill="#211e1e" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path></g></svg>
</a>
<label for="url" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search the Wayback Machine</label>
<div class="search-field style-scope wayback-search">
<input type="text" name="url" id="url" placeholder="enter URL or keywords" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope wayback-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</wayback-search>
<div class="link-lists style-scope wayback-slider">
<div class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Mobile Apps</h4>
<ul class="mobile-apps style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(iOS)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Wayback Machine (iOS)</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.archive.waybackmachine&hl=en_US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(Android)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Wayback Machine (Android)</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Browser Extensions</h4>
<ul class="browser-extensions style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackChrome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Chrome</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackFirefox" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Firefox</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422?mt=12" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackSafari" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Safari</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackEdge" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Edge</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Archive-It Subscription</h4>
<ul class="archive-it style-scope wayback-slider">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/explore" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItExploreTheCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Explore the Collections</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/blog/learn-more/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItLearnMore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Learn More</a>
</li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider">
<a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/contact-us" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItBuildCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Build Collections</a>
</li><!---->
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<save-page-form class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope save-page-form-1"><!---->
<form action="//web.archive.org/save" method="post" class="style-scope save-page-form" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|SavePageSubmit">
<h3 class="style-scope save-page-form">Save Page Now</h3>
<p class="style-scope save-page-form">Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</p>
<div class="style-scope save-page-form">
<input type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" class="style-scope save-page-form">
<input type="submit" value="Save" class="style-scope save-page-form">
</div>
<p class="error style-scope save-page-form">Please enter a valid web address</p>
</form>
</save-page-form>
</div>
</wayback-slider></media-subnav>
<media-subnav menu="more" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!---->
<more-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope more-slider-1"><!---->
<ul class="style-scope more-slider">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreAbout"><!--?lit$41953201$-->About</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://blog.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreBlog"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Blog</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/projects/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreProjects"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Projects</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/faqs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreHelp"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Help</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreDonate"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Donate</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/contact.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreContact"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Contact</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreJobs"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Jobs</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/volunteerpositions.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreVolunteer"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Volunteer</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://archive.org/about/bios.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMorePeople"><!--?lit$41953201$-->People</a></li><!---->
</ul>
</more-slider></media-subnav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</media-slider>
</div>
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<signed-out-dropdown class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope signed-out-dropdown-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="nav-container style-scope signed-out-dropdown">
<nav class="initial style-scope signed-out-dropdown" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">
<ul class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$41953201$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="https://archive.org/account/signup" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Signup">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<!--?lit$41953201$-->Sign up for free
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
</a></li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$41953201$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="https://archive.org/account/login" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Login">
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<!--?lit$41953201$-->Log in
<!--?lit$41953201$-->
</a></li>
<!---->
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</signed-out-dropdown>
<search-menu class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope search-menu-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="menu-wrapper style-scope search-menu">
<div class="search-menu-inner tx-slide closed style-scope search-menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="" checked="">
Search <!--?lit$41953201$-->metadata
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TXT">
Search <!--?lit$41953201$-->text contents
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TV">
Search <!--?lit$41953201$-->TV news captions
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="RADIO">
Search <!--?lit$41953201$-->radio transcripts
</label>
<!----><!---->
<label class="style-scope search-menu">
<input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="WEB">
Search <!--?lit$41953201$-->archived web sites
</label>
<!---->
<a class="advanced-search style-scope search-menu" href="https://archive.org/advancedsearch.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a>
</div>
</div>
</search-menu>
<desktop-subnav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope desktop-subnav-1"><!---->
<ul class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<!--?lit$41953201$--><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="about style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/"><!--?lit$41953201$-->About<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="blog style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://blog.archive.org"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Blog<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="projects style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/projects/"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Projects<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="help style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/faqs.php"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Help<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="donate style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Donate<!--?lit$41953201$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope desktop-subnav" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="contact style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/contact.php"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Contact<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="jobs style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Jobs<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="volunteer style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/volunteerpositions.php"><!--?lit$41953201$-->Volunteer<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!----><!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="people style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://archive.org/about/bios.php"><!--?lit$41953201$-->People<!--?lit$41953201$--><!--?--></a>
</li>
<!---->
</ul>
</desktop-subnav>
<div id="close-layer" class="style-scope ia-topnav"></div>
</ia-topnav>
</div>
<input class="js-tvsearch" type="hidden" value="{"ands":[],"minday":"06/04/2009","maxday":"10/24/2024"}">
<script>update_aoheader();</script>
<div style="display: block; float: right; width: 28px; margin-top: 4px;">
<a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href), '', 'height=400,width=600'); return false;" class="social_button" title="Share on Facebook"><span class="iconochive-facebook" style="color:#3b5998;font-size:160%;"></span></a>
<a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&via=internetarchive', '', 'height=400,width=600'); return false;" class="social_button" title="Share on Twitter"><span class="iconochive-twitter" style="color:#1dcaff;font-size:160%;"></span></a>
</div>
<script>
var config = {"api_url_anchor": "/__wb/search/anchor?q={{query}}", "api_url_calendar_captures": "/__wb/calendarcaptures?url={{url}}\u0026selected_year={{year}}", "api_url_host": "/__wb/search/host?q={{query}}", "api_url_metadata": "/__wb/search/metadata?q={{query}}", "api_url_sitemap": "/web/timemap/json?url={{url}}/\u0026fl=timestamp:4,original,urlkey\u0026matchType=prefix\u0026filter=statuscode:200\u0026filter=mimetype:text/html\u0026collapse=urlkey\u0026collapse=timestamp:4\u0026limit=100000", "api_url_sparkline": "/__wb/sparkline?output=json\u0026url={{url}}\u0026collection=web", "bundling": {"public_path": "/_static/waybackjs"}, "diff": {"calendarURL": "/__wb/calendarcaptures/2", "cdxServer": "/web/timemap", "diffgraphPrefix": "/web/diffgraph/", "limit": 3000, "maxSunburstLevelLength": "70", "snapshotsPrefix": "/web/", "sparklineURL": "/__wb/sparkline", "urlPrefix": "/web/diff/", "waybackDiscoverDiff": "https://gext-api.archive.org/services/simhash", "webMonitoringProcessingURL": "https://gext-api.archive.org/services/diff"}, "features": {"beta_promo": false, "changes_calendar": true, "landing": "carousel", "landing_layout_with_trend": false, "search": "v1"}, "num_of_explored_web_pages": "916 billion", "search_v2": {"search_collections": {"defaultIntro": "Welcome to the Wayback Machine collection search service. This service is based on indexes of specific data from selected Collections.\n", "options": {"EndOfTerm2008WebCrawls": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "EndOfTerm2012WebCrawls": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "EndOfTerm2016WebCrawls": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "EndOfTerm2020WebCrawls": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "EndOfTerm2024PreElectionCrawls": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "FOIAonline.gov": {"search_types": {"default": "pdf", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "pdf", "items": ["application/pdf"], "title": "PDFs", "type": "application/pdf"}]}}, "HongKong": {}, "badoo.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "cmt.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "congress.gov": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "covid": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "dcist.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "exiledonline.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "gawker.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "gov": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "gov-pdf": {"search_types": {"default": "pdf", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "pdf", "items": ["application/pdf"], "title": "PDFs", "type": "application/pdf"}]}}, "hk.appledaily.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "hkcnews.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "independent-media-afghanistan": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages"}]}, "showSeedsOption": 1}, "independent-media-belarus": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages"}]}, "showSeedsOption": 1}, "independent-media-central-america": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages"}]}, "showSeedsOption": 1}, "mediacloud": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "mtv.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "northkorea": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "nrc.gov": {"search_types": {"default": "pdf", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "pdf", "items": ["application/pdf"], "title": "PDFs", "type": "application/pdf"}]}}, "pastebin.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "pdf": {"search_types": {"default": "pdf", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "pdf", "items": ["application/pdf"], "title": "PDFs", "type": "application/pdf"}]}}, "poetry.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "presentations": {"search_types": {"default": "application", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "application", "title": "Presentations", "type": "application"}]}}, "realdonaldtrump": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "russian-independent-media": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages"}]}, "showSeedsOption": 1}, "scmp.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "telegram": {}, "themessenger.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "thestandnews.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "time.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "towcenter-pink-slime-news-sites": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}, "showSeedsOption": 1}, "vice.com": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}, "zaman.com.tr": {"search_types": {"default": "text", "horizontal_line_room": 1, "options": [{"icon": "iconochive-texts", "id": "text", "title": "Webpages", "type": "text"}]}}}}}, "spn": {"disabled": true}, "url_playback": "/web/{{date}}/{{url}}", "url_playback_screenshot": "/web/", "url_save_page_now": "/save/{{query}}", "url_search_page": "/web/*/{{url}}*", "url_thumb": "https://web.archive.org/thumb/{{item}}?generate=1"};
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
var e = document.getElementById('react-wayback-search'),
c = e.getAttribute('component');
ReactDOM.render(React.createElement(window[c], { config: config }), e);
});
</script>
<div id="react-wayback-search" component="WaybackSearchComponent"><div class="search-toolbar"><div id="donation-link"><a href="//archive.org/donate/?origin=wbwww-HomeDonateButton" class="donation-button" data-event-click-tracking="Wayback|DonateButton"><span class="beta_button">DONATE</span></a></div><div class="search-toolbar-logo-container"><a href="/"><div class="search-toolbar-logo" alt="logo: Internet Archive's Wayback Machine"></div></a></div><div class="search-text-container"><div class="global-saved-web-pages-count">Explore more than 916 billion <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/">web pages</a> saved over time</div><form><div class="rbt" tabindex="-1" style="outline: none; position: relative;"><div style="display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 100%; position: relative;"><input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter a URL or words related to a site’s home page" type="text" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" role="combobox" class="rbt-input-main form-control rbt-input" value=""><input aria-hidden="true" class="rbt-input-hint" readonly="" tabindex="-1" value="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); left: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 100%;"></div></div><input type="submit" class="hidden-submit-btn" tabindex="-1"></form></div></div><div class="revolving-landing"><div class="caroufredsel_wrapper" style="text-align: start; float: none; position: relative; inset: auto; z-index: auto; width: 730.5px; height: 180px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="web_carousel" style="text-align: left; float: none; position: absolute; inset: 0px auto auto -59.424px; margin: 0px; width: 10121.5px; height: 180px;"><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131015212820/https://www.deviantart.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_deviantart.com_20131015212820.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">deviantart.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 15, 2013 21:28:20</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20000229183439/http:/www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/coffee.html"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_cl.cam.ac.uk_20130109210545.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">cl.cam.ac.uk</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 29, 2000 18:34:39</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131020224056/https://www.foodnetwork.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_foodnetwork.com_20131020224056.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">foodnetwork.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 20, 2013 22:40:56</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961220154510/https://www.yahoo.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_yahoo.com_20110331050410.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">yahoo.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 20, 1996 15:45:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001152630/https://www.spiegel.de/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_spiegel.de_20131001152630.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">spiegel.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 15:26:30</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 4.61367px;"><a href="/web/20131021165347/https://www.imdb.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_imdb.com_20131021165347.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">imdb.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 16:53:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0.4636px;"><a href="/web/20131014212210/https://stackoverflow.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_stackoverflow.com_20131014212210.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">stackoverflow.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 14, 2013 21:22:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961227203847/https://ubl.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_ubl.com_19961227203847.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">ubl.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 27, 1996 20:38:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001231045/https://www.bloomberg.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_bloomberg.com_20131001231045.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">bloomberg.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 23:10:45</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131018071258/https://www.reference.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjsscreenshots/wm_reference.com_20131018071258.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">reference.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 18, 2013 07:12:58</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961223105317/https://www.feedmag.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_feedmag.com_19961223105317.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">feedmag.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 23, 1996 10:53:17</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021205646/https://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_wikihow.com_20131021205646.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">wikihow.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 20:56:46</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 5px;"><a href="/web/20131021172452/https://www.nbcnews.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nbcnews.com_20131021172452.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nbcnews.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:24:52</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021004242/https://www.goodreads.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_goodreads.com_20131021004242.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">goodreads.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 00:42:42</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20041109042806/https://www2.obamaforillinois.com/splash.php"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_obamaforillinois.com_20041109042806.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">obamaforillinois.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Nov 09, 2004 04:28:06</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19970222174751/https://www1.geocities.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_geocities.com_19970222174751.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">geocities.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 22, 1997 17:47:51</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20050204004733/https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/subst/home/home.html"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_amazon.com_20050204004733.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">amazon.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Feb 04, 2005 00:47:33</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001014236/https://www.nytimes.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nytimes.com_20131001014236.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nytimes.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 01:42:36</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001001332/https://www.bbc.co.uk/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_bbc.co.uk_20131001001332.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">bbc.co.uk</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 00:13:32</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021171112/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_huffingtonpost.com_20131021171112.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">huffingtonpost.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:11:12</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001031539/https://www.reddit.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_reddit.com_20131001031539.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">reddit.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 03:15:39</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021020703/https://www.cnet.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_cnet.com_20131021020703.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">cnet.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 02:07:03</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961227062541/https://www3.whitehouse.gov/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_whitehouse.gov_19961227062541.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">whitehouse.gov</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 27, 1996 06:25:41</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001050131/https://www.aol.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_aol.com_20131001050131.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">aol.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 05:01:31</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131019024453/https://www.yelp.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_yelp.com_20131019024453.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">yelp.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 19, 2013 02:44:53</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20130601013852/https://www.etsy.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_etsy.com_20130601013852.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">etsy.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Jun 01, 2013 01:38:52</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131001010827/https://www.foxnews.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_foxnews.com_20131001010827.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">foxnews.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 01, 2013 01:08:27</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19970108065337/https://www.well.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_well.com_19970108065337.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">well.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Jan 08, 1997 06:53:37</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131019005510/https://www.w3schools.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_w3schools.com_20131019005510.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">w3schools.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 19, 2013 00:55:10</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021173221/https://www.buzzfeed.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_buzzfeed.com_20131021173221.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">buzzfeed.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 17:32:21</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/19961231235847/https://www.nasa.gov/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nasa.gov_19961231235847.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nasa.gov</div><div class="web_capture_date">Dec 31, 1996 23:58:47</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021021614/https://mashable.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_mashable.com_20131021021614.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">mashable.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 02:16:14</div></div></a></div><div class="web_capture" style="margin-right: 0px;"><a href="/web/20131021073925/https://www.nfl.com/"><img class="web_capture_img" src="/_static/waybackjs/screenshots/wm_nfl.com_20131021073925.png" width="145"><div class="web_capture_text"><div class="web_capture_url">nfl.com</div><div class="web_capture_date">Oct 21, 2013 07:39:25</div></div></a></div><div class="clearfix" style="margin-right: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="features-columns"><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="48" height="48">Tools</div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://archive.org/help/wayback_api.php">Wayback Machine Availability API</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak?hl=en-US">Chrome Extension</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/">Firefox Add-on</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422">Safari Extension</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US">MS Edge Add-on</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313">iOS app</a></div></div><div class="web_box_item"><div><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.internetarchive.waybackmachine">Android app</a></div></div></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="48" height="48">Subscription Service</div>Archive-It enables you to capture, manage and search collections of digital content without any technical expertise or hosting facilities.<a href="https://www.archive-it.org/">Visit Archive-It to build and browse the collections.</a></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><span class="iconochive-search homepage-collection-search-icon"></span><span class="homepage-collection-search-title">Collection Search</span></div><div><form method="POST"><input type="text" placeholder="Enter any keyword" class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text"><select class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text"></select><br><button class="web-save-button web_button web_text">SEARCH</button></form></div><div>This service is based on indexes of specific data from <a href="/collection-search">selected Collections</a>.</div></div><div class="feature-column"><div class="web_heading"><img class="web_img" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADcAAAA3CAYAAACo29JGAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAU9JREFUeNrs2tENgjAQBmBrOgAj8GyicQSYRFZwAtxEN6FuQGKir47ABvUgPEErtbRSmv+Sxmgs9LPtHUSYlHITa2w3EQdwwAEHnLPgNp0O91dKL6nDcdSPbNfYdtaVM255vIJa6RK3F898DjDkZXmkVhEwiXXPOQeGllCcArnLfUOtscAkGuDsPegSd6bBiF86EKCD+AIuuixp4O1s55oZn71EF99zPoFBJBRfwGCypQ9gUKXAAHhd9YXzBDBZNW4AjPOWpwfifg444IADDjjggANuPcEDH58YvK+jwdHFcx7tzNGdd6YAi1iWZaX4jCGhAIdS0MVJlQBM0n2bJPq+k/3pexdFuRC+ccXMetbCTP7QLA3qIfYccLEllJtunVvE+8sxVUU81/QfV3ubp/YYY3/55SkzSsXl1+jkOgP2HHABBsOTssABB5yr+AgwAB4Hd1bxoK4+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" width="48" height="48"><span id="web_save_date_div">Save Page Now</span></div><div id="web_save_div" class="feature-content"><div class="feature-disabled">Temporarily Unavailable</div><form class="web-save-form" name="wwmform_save" method="POST" action="/save"><input class="web-save-url-input web_input web_text" type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" disabled=""><button class="web-save-button web_button web_text" disabled="">SAVE PAGE</button></form><div>Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wbs__web_footer"><a class="footer-item" href="https://help.archive.org/help/category/the-wayback-machine/">FAQ</a> | <a class="footer-item" href="https://archive.org/about/contact.php">Contact Us</a> | <a class="footer-item" href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service (Dec 31, 2014)</a></div></div>
<noscript>
<div class="no-script-message">
The Wayback Machine requires your browser to support JavaScript, please email <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br/>if you have any questions about this.
</div>
</noscript>
<footer>
<div id="footerHome">
<p>
The Wayback Machine is an initiative of the
<a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>,
a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of
Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.
<br>Other <a href="//archive.org/projects/">projects</a> include
<a href="https://openlibrary.org/">Open Library</a> &
<a href="https://archive-it.org">archive-it.org</a>.
</p>
<p>
Your use of the Wayback Machine is subject to the Internet Archive's
<a href="//archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Use</a>.
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</body></html>