- Scan ID:
- b0e33c13-9219-47e0-864b-1234a5b42de1Finished
- Submitted URL:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXT_record
- Report Finished:
Links · 63 found
The outgoing links identified from the page
| Link | Text |
|---|---|
| https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXT_Resource_Record | Deutsch |
| https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registro_TXT | Español |
| https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXT_%EB%A0%88%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C | 한국어 |
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2386111#sitelinks-wikipedia | Edit links |
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2386111 | Wikidata item |
| https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1464 | Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String Attributes |
| https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1464 | 10.17487/RFC1464 |
| https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1035 | DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION |
| https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1035 | 10.17487/RFC1035 |
| https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc882 | 882 |
JavaScript Variables · 33 found
Global JavaScript variables loaded on the window object of a page, are variables declared outside of functions and accessible from anywhere in the code within the current scope
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| onbeforetoggle | object |
| documentPictureInPicture | object |
| onscrollend | object |
| RLCONF | object |
| RLSTATE | object |
| RLPAGEMODULES | object |
| RLQ | object |
| isCompatible | function |
| mediaWiki | object |
| mw | object |
Console log messages · 7 found
Messages logged to the web console
| Type | Category | Log |
|---|---|---|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
| warning | other |
|
HTML
The raw HTML body of the page
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#mw-teleport-target{position:absolute;z-index:450} #mw-teleport-target{font-size:0.875rem}
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">TXT record</span></h1>
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<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXT_Resource_Record" title="TXT Resource Record – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="TXT Resource Record" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registro_TXT" title="Registro TXT – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Registro TXT" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXT_%EB%A0%88%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="TXT 레코드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="TXT 레코드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li>
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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a> (<a href="/wiki/DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">v6</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> (<a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" title="Media Gateway Control Protocol">MGCP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">OSPF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">PTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call">ONC/RPC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol" title="Routing Information Protocol">RIP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">Transport layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Reservation_Protocol" title="Resource Reservation Protocol">RSVP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_layer_protocols" title="Category:Transport layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">Internet layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">v4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">v6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">v6</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">ECN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_layer_protocols" title="Category:Internet layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">Link layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">Tunnels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">MAC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td>
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<p>A <b>TXT record</b> (short for <b>text record</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System#Resource_records" title="Domain Name System">resource record</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) used to provide the ability to associate arbitrary text with a host or other name, such as human readable information about a server, network, data center, or other accounting information.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1464_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1464-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>It is also often used in a more structured fashion to record small amounts of machine-readable data into the DNS.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TXT_record&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>A domain may have multiple TXT records associated with it, provided the DNS server implementation supports this.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1464_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1464-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each record can in turn have one or more character strings.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1035_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1035-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally these text fields were used for a variety of non-standardised uses, such as a full company or organisation name, or the address of a host.
</p><p>Some examples of TXT usage:
</p>
<ul><li>Verification of domain ownership<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Implementation of <a href="/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework" title="Sender Policy Framework">Sender Policy Framework</a> (SPF)<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7208_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7208-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail" title="DomainKeys Identified Mail">DomainKeys Identified Mail</a> (DKIM) records for verifying the sender of <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> messages<sup id="cite_ref-google-help_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-help-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zero-configuration_networking#DNS-based_service_discovery" title="Zero-configuration networking">Zero-configuration networking DNS-based service discovery</a><sup id="cite_ref-rfc6762_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6762-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfc6763_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6763-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Domain-based_Message_Authentication,_Reporting_and_Conformance" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance">Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance</a> (DMARC) policies</li></ul>
<p>Using TXT records to store data for different purposes is not without problems. The DNS protocol specifies that when a client queries for a specific record type (e.g., TXT) for a certain domain name (e.g., example.com), <i>all</i> records of that type must be returned in the same DNS message. That may lead to large transactions with lots of "unnecessary" information being transferred and/or uncertainty about which TXT record to use. There are two ways around this: to specify a domain name prefix to be used when using TXT records for a specific purpose (e.g., _domainkey.example.com – in the DKIM case) or to create a new record type entirely. The former is "easy" because it doesn't require any changes to the DNS. The latter is sometimes considered "cleaner" as it matches the design of the DNS database model better. In the past, creating new record types was often avoided since it was a complicated procedure in the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. The reluctance lingers with some people despite the process having been replaced by a much lighter and quicker one.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TXT_record&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The structure of the TXT record is specified in RFC 1035<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1035_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1035-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as follows. Note that the specification is silent on the subject of character encoding of the text string. It explicitly states that the interpretation of the string is context dependent, and that the data is treated as binary inside the DNS. Later specifications (e.g., RFC 6763<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6763_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6763-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – DNS used for service discovery) may require the use of specific encodings for specific purposes.
</p><p>The RDATA section may contain multiple consecutive occurrences of (TXT Length + TXT). Data Length is the length of them all combined.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Record Structure
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Field
</th>
<th>Type
</th>
<th>Description
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Name
</td>
<td>Label Sequence
</td>
<td>The domain name, encoded as a sequence of labels.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Type
</td>
<td>2-byte Integer
</td>
<td>The record type. In this case will be <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">0x0010</span> as the Type is TXT.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Class
</td>
<td>2-byte Integer
</td>
<td>The class.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TTL
</td>
<td>4-byte Integer
</td>
<td>Time-To-Live, i.e. how long a record can be cached before it should be requeried.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Data Length
</td>
<td>2-byte Integer
</td>
<td>Length of the record type-specific data.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TXT Length
</td>
<td>1-byte Integer
</td>
<td>Length of TXT string.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TXT
</td>
<td>String
</td>
<td>The character-string.
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style>
<div style="margin-left:0">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;">
<tbody><tr>
<th class="cot-header-mainspace" style="; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><button type="button" class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"><span class="mw-collapsible-text">show</span></button><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">TXT response example from example.com</div>
</th></tr>
<tr style="display: none;">
<td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);">This is the hex returned as part of the DNS response from example.com when queried for TXT records.
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-hexdump mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nl">0000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">34</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">48</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">81</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">a0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">07</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">65</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">78</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">61</span>
<span class="nl">0010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">65</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">63</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">c0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span>
<span class="nl">0020</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">54</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">5f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">76</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">3d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">73</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">66</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">31</span>
<span class="nl">0030</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">2d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">61</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">c0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">54</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">5f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span>
<span class="nl">0040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">38</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">66</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">71</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">7a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">63</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">79</span>
<span class="nl">0050</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">72</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">38</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">78</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">77</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">79</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">63</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">66</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">71</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">39</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">72</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">38</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">68</span>
<span class="nl">0060</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">67</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span>
</pre></div>
<p><br>
As part of this response, there are two text records, the first of which is shown below (beginning at byte 54).
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-hexdump mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nl">0000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">c0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">54</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">5f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">0b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">76</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">3d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">73</span>
<span class="nl">0010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">66</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">2d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">61</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">6c</span>
</pre></div>
<p>This decodes as follows:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Record Structure
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Field
</th>
<th>Hex
</th>
<th>Value
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Name
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xc00c</span>
</td>
<td>example.com (This is a jump directive to an earlier label)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Type
</td>
<td>0x0010
</td>
<td>TXT
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Class
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x0001</span>
</td>
<td>IN
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TTL
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x0000545f</span>
</td>
<td>21599 (5 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Data Length</span>
</td>
<td>0x000c
</td>
<td>12
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TXT Length
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x0b</span>
</td>
<td>11
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>TXT
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x 76 3d 73 70 66 31 20 2d 61 6c 6c</span>
</td>
<td>v=spf1 -all
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>As unstructured text, organisations can use the TXT string in any way they define, for example:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-zone mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">example.com.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"This domain name is reserved for use in documentation"</span>
</pre></div>
<p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1464">1464</a> defines a structured format that can be used to define attributes and their values in a single record,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1464_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1464-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as in these examples:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-zone mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">host.widgets.com.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"printer=lpr5"</span>
<span class="n">sam.widgets.com.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"favorite drink=orange juice"</span>
</pre></div>
<p>In practice, services using TXT records often do not follow this RFC, but instead have their own specific format.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_usage">Example usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TXT_record&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Example usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The character string from a TXT record used for <a href="/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework" title="Sender Policy Framework">SPF</a>:
</p>
<pre>"v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.0/24 ip4:198.51.100.123 ip6:2620:0:860::/46 a -all"
</pre>
<p>An example of use for DMARC:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>"v=DMARC1;p=none;sp=quarantine;pct=100;rua=mailto:[email protected];"
</pre></div>
<p>Use for site verification:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>"google-site-verification=6P08Ow5E-8Q0m6vQ7FMAqAYIDprkVV8fUf_7hZ4Qvc8"
</pre></div>
<p>Use for custom email service:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-zone mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">_amazonses.example.com.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"pmBGN/7MjnfhTKUZ06Enqq1PeGUaOkw8lGhcfwefcHU="</span>
</pre></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Brand_Indicators_for_Message_Identification" title="Brand Indicators for Message Identification">Brand Indicators for Message Identification</a> (BIMI):
</p>
<pre>default._bimi TXT "v=BIMI1; l=https://example.com/image.svg; a=https://example.com/image/certificate.pem"</pre>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TXT_record&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types" title="List of DNS record types">List of DNS record types</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DMARC" title="DMARC">DMARC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail" title="DomainKeys Identified Mail">DKIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/E-mail_authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail authentication">E-mail authentication</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TXT_record&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-rfc1464-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1464_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1464_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1464_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Rosenbaum1993" class="citation cs1">R. Rosenbaum (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1464"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String Attributes</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1464">10.17487/RFC1464</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1464">1464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Using+the+Domain+Name+System+To+Store+Arbitrary+String+Attributes&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1464&rft.au=R.+Rosenbaum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Experimental.</i>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rfc1035-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1035_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1035_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._Mockapetris1987" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mockapetris" title="Paul Mockapetris">P. Mockapetris</a> (November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1035"><i>DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1035">10.17487/RFC1035</a></span>. STD 13. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1035">1035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DOMAIN+NAMES+-+IMPLEMENTATION+AND+SPECIFICATION&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1987-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1035&rft.au=P.+Mockapetris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 13.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc882">882</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc883">883</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc973">973</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1101">1101</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1183">1183</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1348">1348</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1876">1876</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1982">1982</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1995">1995</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1996">1996</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2065">2065</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2136">2136</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2137">2137</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2181">2181</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2308">2308</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2535">2535</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2673">2673</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2845">2845</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3425">3425</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3658">3658</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4033">4033</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4034">4034</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4035">4035</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4343">4343</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5936">5936</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5966">5966</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6604">6604</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7766">7766</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8482">8482</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8490">8490</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8767">8767</a>.
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35179?hl=en">"Verify your site ownership"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verify+your+site+ownership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fwebmasters%2Fanswer%2F35179%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/domain-verification/#implementation">"Domain Verification"</a>. Facebook<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domain+Verification&rft.pub=Facebook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.facebook.com%2Fdocs%2Fsharing%2Fdomain-verification%2F%23implementation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rfc7208-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc7208_5-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kitterman2014" class="citation cs1">S. Kitterman (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7208"><i>Sender Policy Framework (SPF) for Authorizing Use of Domains in Email, Version 1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7208">10.17487/RFC7208</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7208">7208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sender+Policy+Framework+%28SPF%29+for+Authorizing+Use+of+Domains+in+Email%2C+Version+1&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7208&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=S.+Kitterman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4408">4408</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7372">7372</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8553">8553</a>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8616">8616</a>.
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-google-help-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google-help_6-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/a/answer/2716800">"About TXT records"</a>. <i>Google Apps Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Apps+Administration&rft.atitle=About+TXT+records&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fa%2Fanswer%2F2716800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rfc6762-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6762_7-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._CheshireM._Krochmal2013" class="citation cs1">S. Cheshire; M. Krochmal (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6762"><i>Multicast DNS</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6762">10.17487/RFC6762</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6762">6762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicast+DNS&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6762&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=S.+Cheshire&rft.au=M.+Krochmal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rfc6763-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc6763_8-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc6763_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._CheshireM._Krochmal2013" class="citation cs1">S. Cheshire; M. Krochmal (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6763"><i>DNS-Based Service Discovery</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6763">10.17487/RFC6763</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6763">6763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DNS-Based+Service+Discovery&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6763&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=S.+Cheshire&rft.au=M.+Krochmal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8553">8553</a>.
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webnots.com/add-and-verify-your-site-in-yandex-webmaster-tools/">"DNS Record Verification"</a>. WebNots. 2 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNS+Record+Verification&rft.pub=WebNots&rft.date=2013-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webnots.com%2Fadd-and-verify-your-site-in-yandex-webmaster-tools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/DeveloperGuide/dns-txt-records.html">"Amazon SES Domain Verification TXT Records"</a>. Amazon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+SES+Domain+Verification+TXT+Records&rft.pub=Amazon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.aws.amazon.com%2Fses%2Flatest%2FDeveloperGuide%2Fdns-txt-records.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATXT+record" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
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