https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow?variant=zh-tw

Scan ID:: fb6d5738-f6d2-44d0-969c-59a0eb2103ceFinished
Submitted URL:: https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/en:Gravity's_RainbowRedirected
Report Finished:: Oct 1, 2024, 01:19:49
Links · 91 found

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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9	العربية
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0	Български
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Enden_der_Parabel	Deutsch
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_arco_iris_de_gravedad	Español
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%87	فارسی
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Arc-en-ciel_de_la_gravit%C3%A9	Français
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%9C	한국어
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27arcobaleno_della_gravit%C3%A0	Italiano
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAlysziv%C3%A1rv%C3%A1ny	Magyar
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AE%E8%99%B9	日本語
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.mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text{color:var(--color-progressive,#36c);border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:visited{color:var(--color-visited,#6a60b0)}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:visited:hover{color:var(--color-visited,#6a60b0)}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:hover{color:var(--color-progressive--hover,#4b77d6);text-decoration:underline}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:active{color:var(--color-progressive--active,#233566);text-decoration:underline}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:focus-visible{outline:solid 2px var(--outline-color-progressive--focus,#4b77d6)}@supports not selector(:focus-visible){.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text:focus{outline:solid 2px var(--outline-color-progressive--focus,#4b77d6)}}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text .cdx-icon:not(.cdx-thumbnail__placeholder__icon--vue):last-child{min-width:12px;min-height:12px;width:1rem;height:1rem;padding-left:4px;vertical-align:middle}.mw-underline-always .mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text{text-decoration:underline}.mw-underline-never .mw-collapsible-toggle-default .mw-collapsible-text{text-decoration:none}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default::before{content:'['}.mw-collapsible-toggle-default::after{content:']'}.mw-customtoggle,.mw-collapsible-toggle{cursor:pointer} caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-rtl .mw-content-ltr caption .mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-content-ltr .mw-content-rtl caption .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none}
@media screen {
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@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{animation-duration:1s;animation-fill-mode:both;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
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#vector-appearance form{font-size:0.875rem;padding:6px 0}#vector-appearance a.skin-theme-beta-notice-success{color:var(--color-success,#177860);pointer-events:none}#vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{ min-width:16px;min-height:16px;width:1rem;height:1rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){#vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1rem,16px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){#vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));mask-size:calc(max(1rem,16px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){#vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M14.75 1A5.24 5.24 0 0010 4 5.24 5.24 0 000 6.25C0 11.75 10 19 10 19s10-7.25 10-12.75A5.25 5.25 0 0014.75 1\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled #vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive #vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive #vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){#vector-appearance .vector-icon.vector-icon--heart{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M14.75 1A5.24 5.24 0 0010 4 5.24 5.24 0 000 6.25C0 11.75 10 19 10 19s10-7.25 10-12.75A5.25 5.25 0 0014.75 1\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M14.75 1A5.24 5.24 0 0010 4 5.24 5.24 0 000 6.25C0 11.75 10 19 10 19s10-7.25 10-12.75A5.25 5.25 0 0014.75 1\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-success,#177860)}}#skin-theme-beta-notice{display:none}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #skin-theme-beta-notice{display:block}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #skin-theme-beta-notice{display:block}
.uls-menu{border-radius:2px; font-size:medium}.uls-search,.uls-language-settings-close-block{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-top-left-radius:2px}.uls-language-list{border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.uls-menu.callout::before,.uls-menu.callout::after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right::before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right::after{ border-left:10px solid #fff; right:-10px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left::before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left::after{ border-right:10px solid #fff; left:-10px}.uls-ui-languages button{margin:5px 15px 5px 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}.uls-search-wrapper-wrapper{position:relative;padding-left:40px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px}.uls-icon-back{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.svg?c9c25) no-repeat scroll center center;background-size:28px;height:32px;width:40px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;border-right:1px solid #c8ccd1;opacity:0.87}.uls-icon-back:hover{opacity:1;cursor:pointer}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view .uls-no-found-more{background-color:#fff}.uls-menu .uls-no-results-view h3{padding:0 28px;margin:0;color:#54595d;font-size:1em;font-weight:normal}   .skin-vector .uls-menu{border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2);font-size:0.875em;z-index:50}.skin-vector .uls-search{border-bottom-color:#c8ccd1}.skin-vector .uls-search-label{opacity:0.51;transition:opacity 250ms}.skin-vector .uls-search-wrapper:hover .uls-search-label{opacity:0.87}.skin-vector .uls-languagefilter,.skin-vector .uls-lcd-region-title{color:#54595d}.skin-vector .uls-filtersuggestion{color:#72777d}
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}.cn-closeButton{display:inline-block;background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUBAMAAAB/pwA+AAAAElBMVEUAAAAQEBDPz88AAABAQEDv7+9oe1vvAAAABnRSTlMA3rLe3rJS22KzAAAARElEQVQI12PAAUIUQCSTK5BwFgIxFU1AhKECUFAYKAAioXwwBeZChMGCEGGQIFQYJohgIhQgtCEMQ7ECYTHCOciOxA4AADgJTXIb9s8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=) no-repeat;width:20px;height:20px;text-indent:20px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}
#uls-settings-block{background-color:#fcfcfc}#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:8px 12px}#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022.row::before,#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022.row::after{content:none}#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022.uls-settings-block--with-add-languages{background-color:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1}#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022 > button.uls-add-languages-button{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/add.svg?3165e) no-repeat left center;margin-right:32px;padding-left:32px}#uls-settings-block.uls-settings-block--vector-2022 > button.uls-language-settings-button{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/cog.svg?ce0b4) no-repeat center;margin-left:auto;border:0;min-height:20px;min-width:20px}#uls-settings-block:not(.uls-settings-block--vector-2022){background-color:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px}#uls-settings-block:not(.uls-settings-block--vector-2022) > button{background:left top transparent no-repeat;background-size:20px auto;color:#54595d;display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;border:0;padding:0 0 0 26px;font-size:medium;cursor:pointer}#uls-settings-block:not(.uls-settings-block--vector-2022) > button:hover{color:#202122}#uls-settings-block:not(.uls-settings-block--vector-2022) > button.display-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/display.svg?9fd85)}#uls-settings-block:not(.uls-settings-block--vector-2022) > button.input-settings-block{background-image:url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/input.svg?60384)}.uls-tipsy.uls-tipsy{z-index:1000}.uls-empty-state{padding:28px}.uls-empty-state .uls-empty-state__header,.uls-empty-state .uls-empty-state__desc{color:#54595d}.uls-empty-state .uls-language-action-items{list-style:none;margin:1em 0}.empty-language-selector__language-settings-button{margin:12px}.uls-menu.uls-language-actions-dialog{min-width:248px}.uls-menu.uls-language-actions-dialog .uls-language-actions-title{border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;display:flex;align-items:center;height:32px;padding:5px 0}.uls-menu.uls-language-actions-dialog .uls-language-actions-title .uls-language-actions-close{min-width:unset;width:44px;background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/arrow-previous-ltr.svg?279af) no-repeat center}.uls-menu.uls-language-actions-dialog .uls-language-action-items .uls-language-action.oo-ui-widget{margin:0;padding:12px 8px;display:block}.uls-menu.uls-language-actions-dialog .uls-language-action-items .uls-language-action.oo-ui-widget .oo-ui-buttonElement-button{padding-left:36px}.mw-interlanguage-selector-disabled #p-lang-btn-sticky-header{display:none}
@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;transform:translate(0,20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;transform:translate(0,-20px)}}.mwe-popups-fade-in-up{animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-in-down{animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-down{animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-up{animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards}.popups-icon--settings{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--settings{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--settings{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--settings{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><g transform=\"translate(10 10)\"><path id=\"cdx-icon-settings-a\" d=\"M1.5-10h-3l-1 6.5h5m0 7h-5l1 6.5h3\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(45)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(90)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--settings,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--settings,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--settings{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--settings{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><g transform=\"translate(10 10)\"><path id=\"cdx-icon-settings-a\" d=\"M1.5-10h-3l-1 6.5h5m0 7h-5l1 6.5h3\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(45)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(90)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><g transform=\"translate(10 10)\"><path id=\"cdx-icon-settings-a\" d=\"M1.5-10h-3l-1 6.5h5m0 7h-5l1 6.5h3\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(45)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(90)\"/><use xlink:href=\"%23cdx-icon-settings-a\" transform=\"rotate(135)\"/></g><path d=\"M10 2.5a7.5 7.5 0 000 15 7.5 7.5 0 000-15v4a3.5 3.5 0 010 7 3.5 3.5 0 010-7\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}.popups-icon--infoFilled{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--infoFilled{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--infoFilled,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--infoFilled,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--infoFilled{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--infoFilled{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0M9 5h2v2H9zm0 4h2v6H9z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar){background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M8 19a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-1H8zm9-12a7 7 0 10-12 4.9S7 14 7 15v1a1 1 0 001 1h4a1 1 0 001-1v-1c0-1 2-3.1 2-3.1A7 7 0 0017 7\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar),.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar),.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar){filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--infoFilled:lang(ar){ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M8 19a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-1H8zm9-12a7 7 0 10-12 4.9S7 14 7 15v1a1 1 0 001 1h4a1 1 0 001-1v-1c0-1 2-3.1 2-3.1A7 7 0 0017 7\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"M8 19a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-1H8zm9-12a7 7 0 10-12 4.9S7 14 7 15v1a1 1 0 001 1h4a1 1 0 001-1v-1c0-1 2-3.1 2-3.1A7 7 0 0017 7\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}.popups-icon--close{ min-width:20px;min-height:20px;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--close{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--close{ -webkit-mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));mask-size:calc(max(1.25rem,20px));-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center; }}@supports not ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)){.popups-icon--close{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>");filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-icon,0));opacity:var(--opacity-icon-base,0.87)}.cdx-button:not(.cdx-button--weight-quiet):disabled .popups-icon--close,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-progressive .popups-icon--close,.cdx-button--weight-primary.cdx-button--action-destructive .popups-icon--close{filter:invert(var(--filter-invert-primary-button-icon,1))}}@supports (-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none){.popups-icon--close{ -webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>"); mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"%23000000\"><path d=\"m4.34 2.93 12.73 12.73-1.41 1.41L2.93 4.35z\"/><path d=\"M17.07 4.34 4.34 17.07l-1.41-1.41L15.66 2.93z\"/></svg>");background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}.popups-icon--footer{background-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/src/ui/icons/footer-ltr.svg?9d590)}.popups-icon--preview-generic{mask-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/src/ui/icons/sad-face-ltr.svg?d9aab);background-color:var(--color-base,#202122)}#mwe-popups-settings{z-index:1000;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);width:420px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2);border-radius:2px;font-size:14px}#mwe-popups-settings header{box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);position:relative;display:table;width:100%;padding:5px 7px}#mwe-popups-settings header > div{display:table-cell;width:3.25rem;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}#mwe-popups-settings header h1{margin-bottom:0.6em;padding-top:0.5em;border:0;width:100%;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form{display:block;width:350px;padding:32px 0 24px;margin:0 auto}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form p{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d);font-size:14px;margin:16px 0 0}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form p:first-child{margin-top:0}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form img{margin-right:60px}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label{font-size:13px;line-height:16px;width:300px;margin-left:10px;flex-direction:column}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label > span{color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418);font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:5px}#mwe-popups-settings main#mwe-popups-settings-form form label::before{top:0.78125em !important}.mwe-popups-settings-help{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin:40px;position:relative}.mwe-popups-settings-help .popups-icon{background-size:contain;width:180px;max-width:none;height:140px;margin:0;padding:0}.mwe-popups-settings-help p{left:180px;bottom:20px;position:absolute}.mwe-popups{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);position:absolute;z-index:110;box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 0 1px var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:0;display:none;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;min-width:300px;border-radius:2px; }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container{color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer{padding:0 16px 16px;margin:0;position:absolute;bottom:0;pointer-events:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer a{pointer-events:auto}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-settings-button{float:right;pointer-events:auto;min-width:32px !important; min-height:32px !important; }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract{margin:16px;display:block;color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-decoration:none;position:relative;padding-bottom:4px}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:hover{text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract::after,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract blockquote::after{content:' ';position:absolute;bottom:0;width:25%;height:20px;background-color:transparent;pointer-events:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='ltr']::after{ right:0; background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='rtl']::after{ left:0; background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract blockquote::after{width:100%;height:25px; bottom:0; background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 75%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract p{margin:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ul,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ol,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract li,.mwe-popups 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					<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>
					<span>Contemporary reception</span>
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					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i></h1>
							
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				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوس قزح الجاذبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوس قزح الجاذبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Гравитационна дъга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гравитационна дъга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Enden_der_Parabel" title="Die Enden der Parabel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die Enden der Parabel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_arco_iris_de_gravedad" title="El arco iris de gravedad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El arco iris de gravedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%87" title="رنگین‌کمان جاذبه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنگین‌کمان جاذبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Arc-en-ciel_de_la_gravit%C3%A9" title="L'Arc-en-ciel de la gravité – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Arc-en-ciel de la gravité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%9C" title="중력의 무지개 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중력의 무지개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27arcobaleno_della_gravit%C3%A0" title="L'arcobaleno della gravità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'arcobaleno della gravità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAlysziv%C3%A1rv%C3%A1ny" title="Súlyszivárvány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Súlyszivárvány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AE%E8%99%B9" title="重力の虹 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="重力の虹" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%99cza_grawitacji" title="Tęcza grawitacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tęcza grawitacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gravity's Rainbow" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Радуга тяготения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радуга тяготения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painovoiman_sateenkaari" title="Painovoiman sateenkaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Painovoiman sateenkaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationens_regnb%C3%A5ge" title="Gravitationens regnbåge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gravitationens regnbåge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer%C3%A7ekiminin_G%C3%B6kku%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Yerçekiminin Gökkuşağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yerçekiminin Gökkuşağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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						<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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					<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
					
					
					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1973 novel by Thomas Pynchon</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gravity's Rainbow (disambiguation)">Gravity's Rainbow (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Gravity's Rainbow <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gravity%27s+Rainbow&amp;rft.author=%5B%5BThomas+Pynchon%5D%5D&amp;rft.place=United+States&amp;rft.pages=760"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravity%27s_Rainbow_(1973_1st_ed_cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg/220px-Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg/330px-Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg/440px-Gravity%27s_Rainbow_%281973_1st_ed_cover%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="2890"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition cover design</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedic_novel" title="Encyclopedic novel">encyclopedic novel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paranoid_fiction" title="Paranoid fiction">paranoid fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">March&nbsp;14,&nbsp;1973<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1973-03-14</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">760</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">813.54</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Gravity's Rainbow</b></i> is a 1973 novel by the American writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a>. The narrative is set primarily in Europe at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and centers on the design, production and dispatch of <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rockets</a> by the German military. In particular, it features the quest undertaken by several characters to uncover the secret of a mysterious device, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schwarzgerät</i></span> ("black device"), which is slated to be installed in a rocket with the serial number "00000".
</p><p>Traversing a wide range of knowledge, <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> crosses boundaries between high and low culture, between literary propriety and profanity, and between science and speculative <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>. It shared the 1974 US <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nba1974_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba1974-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although selected by the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> jury on fiction for the 1974 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a>, the Pulitzer Advisory Board was offended by its content, some of which was described as <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'unreadable', 'turgid', 'overwritten', and in parts 'obscene'<span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1974_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1974-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No Pulitzer Prize was awarded for fiction that year.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1974_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1974-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel was nominated for the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a> for Best Novel.<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-1973_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> named <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> one of its "All-Time 100 Greatest Novels", a list of the best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is considered by many critics to be one of the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">greatest American novels</a> ever written.<sup id="cite_ref-Almansi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almansi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_chronology">Structure and chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Structure and chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">
<p>[A] million bureaucrats are diligently plotting death and some of them even know it [...]
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">–Thomas Pynchon</cite></p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dedication">Dedication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Dedication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> carries the dedication "For <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Richard Fariña">Richard Fariña</a>".  Pynchon had been a good friend of Fariña, a folk singer and novelist, since they had attended Cornell University together.  Fariña had died in a motorcycle accident in 1966.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_title">The title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: The title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> is composed of four parts, each segmented into a number of episodes.  In the original editions of the book, the episodes were separated by a row of seven small squares.  Many readers, reviewers, and scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Poirier" title="Richard Poirier">Richard Poirier</a>, have suggested that the squares resemble the <a href="/wiki/Film_perforations" title="Film perforations">film perforations</a> known as "sprocket holes" that engage with the teeth in a film camera or projector to advance the strip of film.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squares, however, were inserted by Edwin Kennebeck, an editor at the book's original publisher, Viking Press.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  Kennebeck denied that the layout was intentional, and later editions of the novel separate the segments with only one square.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1:_Beyond_the_Zero_(21_episodes)"><span id="Part_1:_Beyond_the_Zero_.2821_episodes.29"></span>Part 1: <i>Beyond the Zero</i> (21 episodes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Part 1: Beyond the Zero (21 episodes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The name "Beyond the Zero" refers to lack of total extinction of a <a href="/wiki/Conditioned_stimulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditioned stimulus">conditioned stimulus</a>. The events of this part occur primarily during the Christmas <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> season of 1944 from December 18–26, coinciding in part with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Epigraph_(literature)" title="Epigraph (literature)">epigraph</a> is a quotation from a pamphlet written by the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket scientist">rocket scientist</a> <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> and first published in 1962: "Nature does not know extinction; all it knows is transformation. Everything science has taught me, and continues to teach me, strengthens my belief in the continuity of our spiritual existence after death."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epigraph reflects themes of anticipated redemption and blurring of the sacred and secular, both of which pervade Part 1.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  The epigraph is also potentially ironic, given von Braun's central role in the development of Nazi Germany's V-2 rocket.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2:_Une_Perm_au_Casino_Hermann_Goering_(8_episodes)"><span id="Part_2:_Une_Perm_au_Casino_Hermann_Goering_.288_episodes.29"></span>Part 2: <i>Une Perm au Casino Hermann Goering</i> (8 episodes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Part 2: Une Perm au Casino Hermann Goering (8 episodes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>"<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Une Perm au Casino Hermann Goering</i></span>" is French for "A <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">Furlough</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> Casino". The events of this section span the five months from Christmas 1944 through to <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Whitsunday</a> the following year, May 20, 1945. The misrepresentation or reinterpretation of identity is reflected in Slothrop's journey as well as the epigraph, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a>, speaking to <a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a> prior to her starring role in <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a></i>, as recounted by Wray in the September 21, 1969, issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>: "You will have the tallest, darkest leading man in Hollywood."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_3:_In_the_Zone_(32_episodes)"><span id="Part_3:_In_the_Zone_.2832_episodes.29"></span>Part 3: <i>In the Zone</i> (32 episodes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Part 3: In the Zone (32 episodes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Part 3 is set during the summer of 1945 with <a href="/wiki/Analepsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Analepsis">analepses</a> (literary flashbacks) to the time period of Part 2 with most events taking place between May 18 and August 6; the day of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bomb</a> attack on <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> and also the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Feast of the Transfiguration</a>. The epigraph is taken from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i>, spoken by <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy</a> as she arrives in <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Oz</a> and shows her disorientation with the new environment: "<a href="/wiki/Toto_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toto (dog)">Toto</a>, I have a feeling we're not in <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> any more...".
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_4:_The_Counterforce_(12_episodes)"><span id="Part_4:_The_Counterforce_.2812_episodes.29"></span>Part 4: <i>The Counterforce</i> (12 episodes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Part 4: The Counterforce (12 episodes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Part 4 begins shortly after August 6, 1945, and covers the period up to September 14 of that same year; the day of the <a href="/wiki/Exaltation_of_the_Holy_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaltation of the Holy Cross">Exaltation of the Holy Cross</a>, with extended analepses to Easter/<a href="/wiki/April_Fool%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="April Fool's">April Fool's</a> weekend of 1945 and culminating in a prolepsis to 1970. The simple epigraphical quotation, "What?" is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a>, and was added after the <a href="/wiki/Galley_proof" title="Galley proof">galleys</a> of the novel had been printed to insinuate the President's involvement in the unfolding <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original quotation for this section (in the advance reading copies of the book) was an excerpt from the lyrics to the <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> song "Cactus Tree" ("She has brought them to her senses/They have laughed inside her laughter/Now she rallies her defenses/For she fears that one will ask her/For eternity/And she's so busy being free"), so the change in quotation jumped a large cultural divide.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/220px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/330px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/440px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2310"></a><figcaption>Launch of a V-2 rocket</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Part One: "Beyond the Zero"</b>: The opening pages of the novel follow Pirate Prentice, an employee of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> (S.O.E.), first in his dreams, and later around the house in wartime London that he shares with several others in the S.O.E. He soon is driven to the site of a V-2 rocket strike.  Pirate's associate Teddy Bloat photographs a map depicting the sexual encounters of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> Lt. Tyrone Slothrop, an employee of a fictional technical intelligence unit, ACHTUNG. Slothrop and his background are detailed through discussions by some of his co-workers and through references to his family's history, reaching back to early colonial times, in the <a href="/wiki/Berkshires" title="Berkshires">Berkshire Mountains</a> of western Massachusetts. (There are loose parallels to Pynchon's own family history.)  Slothrop's (fictional) home town of Mingeborough is mentioned for the first time (although the town and a young boy named Hogan Slothrop had previously been featured in Pynchon's short story, "<a href="/wiki/Slow_Learner#&quot;The_Secret_Integration&quot;" title="Slow Learner">The Secret Integration</a>"). That family setting will be mentioned several times much later in the novel, following the family's decline over time within a Puritan legacy of sterility and death.
</p><p>Employees of a fictional top secret psychological warfare agency called PISCES, headquartered at a former insane asylum known as "The White Visitation", investigate Slothrop's map of his presumed sexual encounters in London, finding that each location appears to precede a V-2 rocket strike in the same place by several days. This coincidence intrigues Pavlovian behavioral psychologist Edward W. Pointsman, who thinks there may be a direct causal relationship between Slothrop's erections and the missile strikes, and his associate, statistician Roger Mexico, who suggests that the relationship is only a random coincidence of probabilities, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Poisson_distribution" title="Poisson distribution">Poisson distributions</a>, leading to further reflections in this section and later on topics as broad as the occult, Determinism, the reverse flow of time, and the sexuality of the rocket itself. Pointsman is all the more intrigued to find that as a baby, Slothrop had been subjected to behavioral experiments conducted by a Dr. Laszlo Jamf that involved the stimulation of his penis to erections.
</p><p>Many characters not significant until later are introduced in "Beyond the Zero", including one of Dr. Jamf's former students, Franz Pökler, a German engineer who has worked on <a href="/wiki/Verein_f%C3%BCr_Raumschiffahrt" title="Verein für Raumschiffahrt">early German experiments in rocketry</a> and later on the V-2 rocket, and Pökler's wife Leni, a former student radical. Others who appear significant in Part One, such as Pointsman's associate Thomas Gwenhidwy and Roger Mexico's girlfriend Jessica Swanlake, vanish from the narrative and don't re-appear until much later. Indeed, most of the 400 named characters make only single appearances, serving merely to demonstrate the sheer scope of Pynchon's universe.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Character names sometimes consist of outrageous puns (such as "Joaquin Stick") but may also relate to particular traits of that character or to themes within the novel. Some names of historical characters also have thematic relevance. Under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Amobarbital" title="Amobarbital">sodium amytal</a> administered through Pointsman's maneuvers, Slothrop has a hallucinatory flashback to a scene in Boston's <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> district. References here include "Red, the Negro shoeshine boy", who will much later be known as the Black Power leader <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>, and jazz saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie "Yardbird" Parker</a>, both of whom represent a threat to white racism. Another fictional character, Katje Borgesius, is contacted in this section by Pirate in order to bring her to safety from the Continent to England. Katje had been a Dutch double agent who infiltrated a V-2 rocket-launching battery commanded by a sadistic <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> officer named Captain Blicero. Blicero had kept Katje and a young soldier named Gottfried as sex slaves in a perverse enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel" title="Hansel and Gretel">Hansel and Gretel</a> story. However, Blicero (a Teutonic name connoting Death) is also revealed to be the code name of a former Lieutenant Weissman ("White Man")  who earlier appeared in Pynchon's first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/V." title="V.">V.</a></i> He has had an ongoing but now-severed relationship with Enzian, a <a href="/wiki/Herero_people#German_South_West_Africa" title="Herero people">Herero</a> he had brought to Germany from <a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">German South West Africa</a> (now Namibia), and who is the leader of a group of Herero rocket technicians known as the Schwarzkommando, who had been helping Blicero in his own project to create and fire a rocket. Katje, on the other hand, will come under Pointsman's control in England, while, as the Christmas season ends, Roger Mexico worries about losing Jessica Swanlake to her other, bureaucratic and sedate, boyfriend, Jeremy (also referred to as "Beaver" because of his beard).
</p><p><b>Part Two: "Une Perm au Casino Hermann Goering"</b>: Slothrop is sent away by his superiors under mysterious circumstances to a casino on the recently liberated <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>, in which almost the entirety of Part Two takes place. He is in fact being monitored by associates of Pointsman, including Katje and a linguist named Sir Stephen Dodson-Truck. One of the more bizarre Pavlovian episodes involves the conditioning of trained octopus Grigori to attack Katje. Early in part two, the octopus attacks Katje on the beach in France, and Slothrop is "conveniently" at hand to rescue her. Katje and Slothrop eventually have sex. At the Casino, he learns of a rocket with the irregular serial number 00000 (Slothrop comments that the numbering system doesn't allow for four zeroes in one serial, let alone five), which features a mysterious component called the S-Gerät (short for Schwarzgerät, 'black device'), made out of the hitherto unknown plastic Imipolex G. It is hinted that Slothrop's prescience of rocket hits is due to being conditioned as an infant by the creator of Imipolex G, Laszlo Jamf. Later, the reality of this story is called into question, as is the very existence of Slothrop's original sexual exploits.
</p><p>Meanwhile, at The White Visitation, Pointsman brings the unit and its mission under his control. The unit's nominal commander, Brigadier General Ernest Pudding, who is haunted by his traumatic memories of World War I, is brought to (literal) submission through sado-masochistic rituals with Katje, engineered by Pointsman.
</p><p>Slothrop becomes increasingly <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoid</a> as old associates disappear. He begins to suspect he is being monitored and adopts the persona (one of many) of "Ian Scuffling", a British war correspondent. He escapes from the casino into "The Zone", the coalescing post-war wasteland of Europe, first to <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> in France and then to Switzerland, searching for the 00000 and S-Gerät. In the closing of Part Two, Katje is revealed to be safe in England, enjoying a day at the beach with Roger Mexico and Jessica, as well as Pointsman, who is in charge of Slothrop's furtive supervision. While unable to contact Slothrop (or prohibited from contacting him), Katje continues to follow his actions through Pointsman, who is showing greater signs of mental instability.
</p><p><b>Part Three, "In The Zone"</b>: Slothrop's quest continues for some time as he meets or is chased by other characters, compared at various times to such characters as <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a>. He learns more about his own past, Dr. Jamf's experiments on him, and his father's apparent complicity. In this section, Slothrop comes to doubt that his search for the S-Gerat is a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Grail</a> quest and finds his paranoia ("the fear that everything is connected") succumbing to "anti-paranoia" ("the fear that nothing is connected"). On the way he meets Geli Tripping, a self-described witch in love with a Russian colonel, Vaslav Tchitcherine, who had previously worked for the Soviet state bringing the <a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">New Turkic Alphabet</a> to central Asia, especially <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet Kazakhstan</a>, where he had sought a mystical experience referred to as the "Kirghiz Light". Slothrop and Geli have a <a href="/wiki/Brocken_spectre" title="Brocken spectre">near-mystical experience</a> at the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Brocken" title="Brocken">Brocken</a>, the German mountain that was the setting for <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgisnacht</a> in <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust">Faust</a></i>. Slothrop's travels bring him to <a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a>, in Germany, and the <a href="/wiki/Mittelwerk" title="Mittelwerk">Mittelwerk</a>, where V-2 rockets were assembled using slave labor from the <a href="/wiki/Mittelbau-Dora_concentration_camp" title="Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp">Dora concentration camp</a>. Confronted by the racist American Major Duane Marvy, he escapes in a slapstick chase.
</p><p>Slothrop meets members of the Schwarzkommando, a fictional cadre of African rocket technicians, descended from survivors of the <a href="/wiki/Herero_people" title="Herero people">Herero</a> <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero and Namaqua Genocide">genocide</a> of 1904 who were brought to Europe by German colonials. An extensive subplot details a schism within the Schwarzkommando; one faction is bent on a program of racial suicide, while the other finds mystical, semi-religious meaning in the V-2 rocket. Another long subplot details Tchitcherine's past and his quest to hunt and kill Enzian, leader of the latter group of Schwarzkommando and, it turns out, Tchitcherine's half-brother.
</p><p>With papers identifying him as former German film star Max Schlepzig in Berlin, Slothrop adopts an operatic Viking costume with the horns removed from the helmet, making it look like a rocket nose-cone and is given the name "Rocketman". One of the people he meets is the American sailor <a href="/wiki/Pig_Bodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig Bodine">Pig Bodine</a> (who or whose ancestors appear in most of Pynchon's other works). Bodine commissions Slothrop to retrieve a large stash of <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a> from the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a>. In the nearby abandoned movie studio that was once the center of the German film industry, Slothrop meets Margherita (Greta) Erdmann, a former silent film actress from the era of <a href="/wiki/German_Expressionist_film" class="mw-redirect" title="German Expressionist film">German Expressionist film</a>, now in physical and mental decline. Slothrop also comes to meet Gerhardt von Göll, a megalomaniac German director who had previously been seen in Britain, directing a fake propaganda film featuring Black soldiers in Germany. Von Göll is now involved in <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a> activities. In the longest episode of the book, we learn more of the history of Franz Pökler, who fathered a child, Ilse, with his wife Leni after being aroused by Greta's image in an erotic scene in <i>Alpdrücken</i>, von Göll's "masterpiece". Greta had also become pregnant in the filming of that scene, producing a daughter of her own, Bianca. While working on the V-2 project, Pökler had been coerced into working on the S-Gerät by Blicero, who was holding Ilse in a concentration camp, allowing her to visit Pökler only once a year. As Ilse ages over several years, however, Pökler becomes increasingly paranoid that she is really a series of impostors sent each year to mollify him. Pökler's work for Blicero is tied to the history of <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>, with its own outcomes in the production of dyes and plastics and the international <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartels</a> that would come to control them, such as <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">I.G. Farben</a>, and a culture of death-in-life.
</p><p>Slothrop is led by Margherita to northern Germany and onto the <i><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></i>, a private yacht (named for the Egyptian god of the dead) filled with uninhibited European aristocrats. Here, Slothrop has sex with Margherita's teenage daughter, Bianca. Margherita, along with her partner, Thanatz, are revealed to know more about the 00000, S-Gerät, and Imipolex G than they let on. Ensign Morituri, a Japanese liaison officer, tells Slothrop about how Margherita and Thanatz had brought their traveling sado-masochistic act to Captain Blicero's rocket battery, from which Rocket 00000 had apparently been fired in the spring of 1945, towards the end of the war. Margherita spent many days in a mysterious and ambiguously described factory, where she was clothed in an outfit made from the "erotic" plastic Imipolex G. Slothrop falls overboard and is rescued by black marketeers heading towards <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a>, the test site for the V-2 rocket, now occupied by Soviet forces.
</p><p>Slothrop later returns to the <i>Anubis</i> to find Bianca dead, possibly hastening his already hinted-at decline. He continues his pilgrimage through northern Germany, having changed clothing with Tchitcherine, arriving at <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_Heath" title="Lüneburg Heath">Lüneberg Heath</a> and the town of <a href="/wiki/Cuxhaven" title="Cuxhaven">Cuxhaven</a>, also sites of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Backfire (World War II)">tests and launches by Allied forces of captured V-2 rockets</a>. On the way, he again meets Major Marvy, who fails to recognize him. At a village festival, he is invited by children to don the costume of a pre-Christian Pig Hero, "Plechazunga".  Meeting Franz Pökler at the abandoned amusement park where Ilse used to meet her father, Slothrop finds out more about his childhood and the 00000. It becomes steadily apparent that Slothrop is connected to Laszlo Jamf through Lyle Bland, a Slothrop family friend who apparently played a role in funding Jamf's experiments on the infant Slothrop. Bland, in turn, is connected to many threads, including pinball machines and the Masons, that implicate him as part of an international conspiracy of industrial cartels.
</p><p>Slothrop is introduced to and sleeps with Solange, a prostitute who is actually Leni Pökler, recently freed from a concentration camp herself. In the same building, Major Marvy has found Slothrop's pig costume and dons it, only to be caught, sedated, and castrated by agents working for Pointsman, who believe that Slothrop is still in the suit. Major political and social realignments have been taking place throughout The Zone. Towards the end of this section, several characters not seen since early in the novel make a return, including Pointsman, who is now in official disgrace, as bureaucratic operatives consider how to deal with him. Other characters, including Pirate Prentice and Katje Borgesius, begin to coalesce as a group styling itself as the "Counterforce" in resistance to the emerging post-war <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military-industrial complex</a>.
</p><p><b>Part Four: The Counterforce:</b> Elements in this section become increasingly fantastic and sometimes self-referential, the narrator at one point saying, "You will want cause and effect. All right" (page 663 in the Viking edition) before explaining how certain events in Part 3 tie in. Despite the efforts of some to save him, Slothrop is repeatedly sidetracked until his persona fragments totally, more than one hundred pages before the novel's end. A flashback reveals how Roger Mexico, now in Germany, has come to join the Counterforce despite its inherent contradictions as a group organizing against international organizations. A long digression gives the story of "Byron the Bulb", a sentient, seemingly immortal lightbulb whose existence links with Dr. Jamf and his experiments and to the integration of power companies and their Grid to the network of cartels. The Schwarzkommando become reunited and finish construction of their own version of the 00000 rocket.
</p><p>There are several brief, hallucinatory stories of comic, fallible superheroes; silly <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">Kamikaze</a> pilots; and an "Incident in the Transvestites' Toilet" where Slothrop has been hiding in drag. Such incidents may be products of Slothrop's finally collapsed mind; or of the increasingly chaotic state of affairs outside the realm of a rising technological class and society that comes to be labeled the "Raketen-Stadt" (Rocket-State) of the future. For Slothrop, these scenes more or less culminate with his finding, and failing to understand, a headline announcing the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
</p><p>Tchitcherine is told by his superior officer that he is to head back to the U.S.S.R. with some German rocket scientists, despite his own misgivings about <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_materialism" title="Dialectical materialism">Marxist dialectics</a>. A conference is held by members of the Counterforce, which now includes some with questionable pasts, personalities, or motives, such as von Göll. Jessica tells Roger that she is going to marry Jeremy/Beaver. Invited to a dinner at the home of a German industrialist, Roger and Pig Bodine manage to escape with the help of some disgusting culinary repartee, but it becomes increasingly clear that the Counterforce does not have the capacity to counter the emerging Rocket State, in part because "the Man has a branch office in each of our brains".
</p><p>Some individuals, however, provide some hope. Earlier, Slothrop had encountered the young boy Ludwig on what seems to be a futile quest to find his lost pet lemming. Meeting once again, it turns out that the lemming has been found. Geli Tripping's complete love for Tchitcherine and her connection with the natural organic world contrasts with a flashback in which Blicero explains to Gottfried his obsessive desire to transcend nature and "its cycle of infection and death".  Geli does cast a spell on Tchitcherine that (perhaps) keeps him from recognizing Enzian when they finally meet, averting a potentially fatal encounter.
</p><p>The final identification of Slothrop of any certainty is his picture on the cover of an album by obscure English band "The Fool" (another allusion to <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot</a>, which becomes increasingly significant), where he is credited as playing the harmonica and <a href="/wiki/Kazoo" title="Kazoo">kazoo</a>. The hundred pages or so of the novel include titled vignettes that summarize events in Slothrop's home town of Mingeborough; offer a (self-referential) reading of the Tarot cards for Weismann/Blicero, who also prepares for a final launch of the 00000 rocket with Gottfried in the nosecone; describe failed last-minute non-rescues by popular culture heroes; and allude to the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Sacrifice of Isaac</a> and the mythical figures of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>.
</p><p>As the novel draws to an ambiguous close, the launch of the rocket with Gottfried is intercut with scenes contemporary to the novel's publication, at the (fictional) Orpheus (movie) Theater in Los Angeles, managed by a character named "Richard M. Zhlubb", a thinly-veiled parody of President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. Zhlubb is running a "<a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ekerot" title="Bengt Ekerot">Bengt Ekerot</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Casares" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Casares">Maria Casares</a> Film Festival".  Both actors played personifications of Death, in <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Seal" title="The Seventh Seal">The Seventh Seal</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(film)" title="Orpheus (film)">Orpheus</a></i>, respectively, overt examples of several possible references in the novel to European modernist cinema. The novel concludes as a rocket (perhaps Weissman's) is frozen in its last moment of descent above the theater, where the film being projected has broken, and a hymn composed by Slothrop's heretical colonial ancestor, <a href="/wiki/William_Pynchon" title="William Pynchon">William Slothrop</a>, is offered.
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg/170px-Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg/255px-Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg/340px-Dornberger-Axter-von_Braun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072"></a><figcaption>This image of <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> is referred to in the narrative, giving a quite exact timeframe for some events in the book.</figcaption></figure>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Poet <a href="/wiki/L._E._Sissman" title="L. E. Sissman">L. E. Sissman</a>, in his <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> review for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, said of Pynchon: "He is almost a mathematician of prose, who calculates the least and the greatest stress each word and line, each pun and ambiguity, can bear, and applies his knowledge accordingly and virtually without lapses, though he takes many scary, bracing linguistic risks. Thus his remarkably supple diction can first treat a painful and delicate love scene and then roar, without pause, into the sounds and echoes of a drudged and drunken orgy."<sup id="cite_ref-sissman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sissman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The plot of the novel is complex, containing over 400 characters and involving many different threads of narrative which intersect and weave around one another.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recurring themes throughout the plot are the <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a>, interplay between free will and <a href="/wiki/Predestination_(Calvinism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Predestination (Calvinism)">Calvinistic predestination</a>, breaking the cycle of nature, behavioral psychology, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a>, paranoia and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Phoebus_cartel" title="Phoebus cartel">Phoebus cartel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a>. <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> also draws heavily on themes that Pynchon had probably encountered at his work as a technical writer for <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, where he edited a support newsletter for the <a href="/wiki/Bomarc_Missile_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomarc Missile Program">Bomarc Missile Program</a> support unit. The Boeing archives are known to house a vast library of historical V-2 rocket documents, which were probably accessible to Pynchon. The novel is narrated by many distinct voices, a technique further developed in Pynchon's much later novel <i><a href="/wiki/Against_the_Day" title="Against the Day">Against the Day</a></i>. The style and tone of the voices vary widely:  Some narrate the plot in a highly informal tone, some are more self-referential, and some might even break the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a>. Some voices narrate in drastically different formats, ranging from movie-script format to <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(narrative_mode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)">stream of consciousness</a> prose.
</p><p>The narrative contains numerous descriptions of illicit sexual encounters and drug use by the main characters and supporting cast, sandwiched between dense dialogues or reveries on historic, artistic, scientific, or philosophical subjects, interspersed with whimsical nonsense-poems and allusions to obscure facets of 1940s <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a>. Many of the recurring themes will be familiar to experienced Pynchon readers, including the singing of silly songs, recurring appearances of kazoos, and extensive discussion of <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a>. According to Richard Locke, <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" title="Narcissistic personality disorder">megalomaniac paranoia</a> is the "operative emotion" behind the novel,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTLocke73_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTLocke73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an increasingly central motivator for the many main characters. In many cases, this paranoia proves to be vindicated, as the many plots of the novel become increasingly interconnected, revolving around the identity and purpose of the elusive 00000 Rocket and <i>Schwarzgerät</i>. The novel becomes increasingly preoccupied with themes of Tarot, Paranoia, and Sacrifice. All three themes culminate in the novel's ending, and the epilogue of the many characters. The novel also features the character <a href="/wiki/Pig_Bodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig Bodine">Pig Bodine</a>, of Pynchon's novel <i><a href="/wiki/V." title="V.">V.</a></i> Bodine would later become a recurring avatar of Pynchon's complex and interconnected fictional universe, making an appearance in nearly all of Pynchon's novels thereafter.
</p><p>Several characters and situations from Pynchon's earlier works make at least brief appearances in the novel. Slothrop's (fictional) home town of Mingeborough, Massachusetts was the setting for his short story "The Secret Integration", which featured a young character named Hogan Slothrop, who in retrospect would seem to be Tyrone's nephew. Weismann (aka Blicero) and the story of the <a href="/wiki/Herero_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero genocide">Herero genocide</a> appeared in the chapter "Mondaugen's Story" in <i><a href="/wiki/V." title="V.">V.</a></i>  The eponymous character Kurt Mondaugen also reappears in <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>. Some early reviewers even suggested that <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> was a sequel to Pynchon's first novel, playing on the term "V-2".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  In <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>, Clayton "Bloody" Chiclitz is a toy manufacturer accompanying Major Marvy, but he appeared later as a defense contract magnate in <i>The Crying of Lot 49</i>, and his company, <a href="/wiki/Yoyodyne" title="Yoyodyne">Yoyodyne</a>, was introduced in <i>V.</i> <a href="/wiki/Pig_Bodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig Bodine">Pig Bodine</a> also appeared in <i>V.</i> but had his origin in Pynchon's early short story "Low-Lands".  Bodine or variants on his name and character also appear in later Pynchon novels. A very minor character in <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>, Ronald Cherrycoke,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would seem to be a descendant of the Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke, who narrates Pynchon's later novel <i><a href="/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon" title="Mason &amp; Dixon">Mason &amp; Dixon</a></i>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_and_critical_reception">Publication and critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Publication and critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a> published <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> on March 14, 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the book's length, the hard-cover edition was priced expensively at $15 (equivalent to $103 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viking's president, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Guinzburg" title="Thomas Guinzburg">Thomas Guinzburg</a>, worried that the novel's high price was potentially "inhibiting", leading the publisher to take the uncommon move of simultaneously publishing a soft-cover edition at $4.95 (equivalent to $34 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_reception">Contemporary reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>On the novel's publication, it was reviewed in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> by Richard Locke under the headline "One of the Longest, Most Difficult, Most Ambitious Novels in Years". Locke compared Pynchon's writing to that of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, and wrote that "its technical and verbal resources bring to mind <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melville</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a>. Immersing himself in 'the destructive element' and exploring paranoia, entropy and the love of death as primary forces in the history of our time, Pynchon establishes his imaginative continuity with the great modernist writers of the early years of this century." Locke noted  that "Pynchon is obviously capable of the most intricate literary structures—plots and counterplots and symbols that twist and tangle in time and space", but was less impressed by the novel's form: "the structure is strained beyond the breaking point. Reading it is often profoundly exasperating; the book is too long and dense; despite the cornucopia of brilliant details and grand themes, one's dominant feelings in the last one to two hundred pages are a mounting restlessness, fatigue and frustration."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Reviewing the novel in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(U.S._magazine)" title="Saturday Review (U.S. magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i> in March 1973, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Poirier" title="Richard Poirier">Richard Poirier</a> stated that "At thirty-six, Pynchon has established himself as a novelist of major importance." In the highly positive review, Poirier compared <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> to <i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby Dick">Moby Dick</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i>, and that it  "marks an advance beyond either book in its treatment of cultural inheritance". Poirier noted the wide range of Pynchon's writing and said that "Pynchon is willing and able, that is, to work from a range of perspectives infinitely wider, more difficult to manage, more learned than any to be found elsewhere in contemporary literature. His genius resides in his capacity to see, to see feelingly, how these various perspectives, apparently so diverse and chaotic, are begotten of the same technology, the same supportive structures that have foundations in the theology of the seventeenth century and the science of the nineteenth." (...) "Pynchon is almost unbearably vulnerable to every aspect of contemporary experience, open to every form of sight and sound, democratically receptive to the most common and the most recondite signatures of things."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Reviewing the novel in a Swedish publication, author and critic <a href="/wiki/Artur_Lundkvist" title="Artur Lundkvist">Artur Lundkvist</a> noted Pynchon's rare talent but was critical about the wide range of the novel: "Pynchon's weakness appears to be criticlessness, a lack of values, indiscriminate inclusion. Nothing is too high or too low to put into his all consuming machinery. But that makes the meaning of his work ambivalent or undetermined, despite the enormous power of expression and energy in his writing." Lundkvist criticized the influences from popular culture in the novel and concluded "How obvious the frequent transitions between shameless entertainment and ambitious novel art is he runs the risk of repelling two opposite types of readers. Where some find it irresistibly funny others will find it wearisome and boring... Pynchon's uncommon flexible and at the same time consumedly schizoid talent runs the risk of drowning in the rampant excess."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_retrospective">In retrospective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: In retrospective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> included <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Ninety-Nine_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninety-Nine Novels">Ninety-Nine Novels: The Best in English Since 1939</a></i> (1984), writing "this work, not yet as widely understood [as V. or The Crying of Lot 49], has a gravity more compelling than the rainbow technique (high colour, symbolism, prose tricks) would seem to imply".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> lost its <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a> nomination to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a></i>. In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Lethem" title="Jonathan Lethem">Jonathan Lethem</a> suggested that the novel's failure to win the award stands as "a hidden tombstone marking the death of the hope that [science fiction] was about to merge with the mainstream."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On the 50th anniversary of the publication in February 2023, John Semley positively reviewed <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>, noting that: "It is at once a busy almanac of its era and a sort of field guide for our own. It echoes eerily in the new-ish millennium. In a way, our own age's greasy stew of absurdity and apocalypticism, creeping death tinged with clown-shoe idiocy, suggests a world that has finally, fatefully, caught up with Pynchon. We are still living under Gravity's Rainbow."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> has read the character name "Tyrone Slothrop" as an <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> of "Sloth or <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">Entropy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Cultural influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravitys-Rainbow-722917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Gravitys-Rainbow-722917.jpg/170px-Gravitys-Rainbow-722917.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Gravitys-Rainbow-722917.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="300"></a><figcaption>Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition, with cover art by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a>, released October 31, 2006</figcaption></figure>
<p>Italian scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Almansi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Almansi (page does not exist)">Guido Almansi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&nbsp;[<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Almansi" class="extiw" title="it:Guido Almansi">it</a>]</span> described it as the greatest American novel published after the end of the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-Almansi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almansi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sascha Pöhlmann writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Literary_Encyclopedia" title="The Literary Encyclopedia">The Literary Encyclopedia</a></i> stated that it is "often considered as <i>the</i> <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_literature" title="Postmodern literature">postmodern novel</a>, redefining both <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a> and the novel in general".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary scholar <a href="/wiki/Tony_Tanner_(scholar)" title="Tony Tanner (scholar)">Tony Tanner</a> has hailed it as "both one of the great historical novels of our time and arguably the most important literary text since <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Weisenburger_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisenburger-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Though the book won the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> for 1974,<sup id="cite_ref-nba1974_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba1974-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pynchon chose neither to accept nor acknowledge this award. Thomas Guinzberg of the Viking Press suggested that the comedian "Professor" <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Corey" title="Irwin Corey">Irwin Corey</a> accept the award on his behalf, to which Pynchon agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corey's comical address at the ceremony was also noteworthy for being interrupted by a <a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">streaker</a> crossing the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> has been translated to many languages, including French (as <i>Rainbow</i>, 1975),  Spanish (as <i>El arco iris de gravedad</i>, 1978), German (as <i>Die Enden der Parabel</i>, 1981) and Serbian (as <i>Duga gravitacije</i>, 2019). Episodes of the novel have been translated to Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisenburger_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisenburger-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> was translated into German by Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a>, and some critics think that it has had a large influence on Jelinek's own writing.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>According to Robert Bramkamp's <a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">docudrama</a> about the V2 and <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCfstand_VII" title="Prüfstand VII">Prüfstand VII</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> initiated a project to produce a film adaptation of <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> between 1994 and 1997. Some unfinished footage is included in Bramkamp's film.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bramkamp movie includes other dramatized sequences from the novel as well, while the main focus is on Peenemünde and the V2. The 2011 film <i><a href="/wiki/Impolex" title="Impolex">Impolex</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross_Perry" title="Alex Ross Perry">Alex Ross Perry</a> is loosely inspired by <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>, the title referring to the fictional polymer Imipolex G used to condition Slothrop in the novel. To commemorate 75 years since the end of World War II, in 2019, German public radio broadcasters SWR 2 and Deutschlandfunk produced a 14-hour radio play in German language which was aired in April 2020.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The lyrics of <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Whip_It_(Devo_song)" title="Whip It (Devo song)">Whip It</a>" were inspired by <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> parodies of <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">limericks</a> and poems; <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Casale" title="Gerald Casale">Gerald Casale</a> specified:
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<blockquote><p>The lyrics were written by me as an imitation of Thomas Pynchon's parodies in his book <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>. He had parodied limericks and poems of kind of all-American, obsessive, cult of personality ideas like <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Alger" title="Horatio Alger">Horatio Alger</a> and "You're #1, there's nobody else like you" kind of poems that were very funny and very clever. I thought, "I'd like to do one like Thomas Pynchon," so I wrote down "Whip It" one night.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>The novel inspired the 1984 song "Gravity's Angel" by <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a>. In her 2004 autobiographical performance <i>The End of the Moon</i>, Anderson said she once contacted Pynchon asking permission to adapt <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> as an opera. Pynchon replied that he would allow her to do so only if the opera was written for a single instrument: the <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a>. Anderson said she took that as a polite "no".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>German <a href="/wiki/Avant-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant-rock">avant-rock</a> group <a href="/wiki/Cassiber" title="Cassiber">Cassiber</a> incorporated text from the novel in their 1990 album <i>A Face We All Know</i>. The use of the text was cleared with Pynchon's agent.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Pat_Benatar" title="Pat Benatar">Pat Benatar</a> released a 1993 album called <i><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_(album)" title="Gravity's Rainbow (album)">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i> after reading Thomas Pynchon's novel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 
</p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow_(song)" title="Gravity's Rainbow (song)">Gravity's Rainbow</a>" is a song by the British band <a href="/wiki/Klaxons_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaxons (band)">Klaxons</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Myths_of_the_Near_Future_(album)" title="Myths of the Near Future (album)">Myths of the Near Future</a></i> (2007).
</p><p>American <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> group <a href="/wiki/Coheed_and_Cambria" title="Coheed and Cambria">Coheed and Cambria</a>'s song "Gravity's Union", from their science fiction concept album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Afterman:_Descension" title="The Afterman: Descension">The Afterman: Descension</a></i> (2013), is named in honor of the novel.
</p><p>Canadian <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a> group Rei dos Leitoes's song "Silent on the Island" (2010) incorporates themes from <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> in its second and fourth Verse passages.
</p><p>David Lowery of the American <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> group <a href="/wiki/Camper_Van_Beethoven" title="Camper Van Beethoven">Camper Van Beethoven</a> cites <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> as an inspiration for the song "All Her Favorite Fruit" (1989).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group <a href="/wiki/TV_Girl" title="TV Girl">TV Girl</a>'s song "Taking What's Not Yours", from <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Really_Cares_(TV_Girl_album)" title="Who Really Cares (TV Girl album)">Who Really Cares</a></i> references having left <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> at an ex-girlfriend's apartment.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>British punk/new wave band The Paranoids released 'Theme From Gravity's Rainbow' as the 'B' side to 'The Love Job' (Hurricane Records (2) – FIRE 14 1980) with a lyric inspired by the novel. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Wood" title="Roy Wood">Roy Wood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>American Rock Band <a href="/wiki/The_Used" title="The Used">The Used</a> released a song sharing the same title as part of their 2020 Album <a href="/wiki/Heartwork_(The_Used_album)" title="Heartwork (The Used album)">Heartwork</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bert_McCracken" title="Bert McCracken">Bert McCracken</a>, the band's lead singer, said that <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> is one of his favorite books of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>New York artist <a href="/wiki/Zak_Smith" title="Zak Smith">Zak Smith</a> created a series of 760 drawings entitled, <i>One Picture for Every Page of Thomas Pynchon's Novel "Gravity's Rainbow"</i>, also known by the title <i>Pictures of What Happens on Each Page of Thomas Pynchon's Novel "Gravity's Rainbow"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupying eleven rows and over eleven meters of wall space, the drawings attempt to illustrate, as literally as possible, every page of the book. The piece includes palm trees, shoes, stuffed toys, a lemon meringue pie, Richard Nixon, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, an iron toad wired to an electric battery, a <a href="/wiki/Dominatrix" title="Dominatrix">dominatrix</a>, and other images from the novel. The series had a successful reception at New York's 2004 Whitney Biennial event, and was described "as a tour de force of sketching and concept" (Abbe 2004). In November 2006, <a href="/wiki/Tin_House_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin House Books">Tin House Books</a> published, <i>Pictures Showing What Happens on Each Page of Thomas Pynchon's Novel "Gravity's Rainbow"</i>, the book of Smith's <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> drawings .<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1999 a painting by the American artist <a href="/wiki/Fred_Tomaselli" title="Fred Tomaselli">Fred Tomaselli</a>, inspired by the novel and titled <i>Gravity's Rainbow (Large)</i>, was added to the permanent collection at the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of Art">Whitney Museum of Art</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li>Benoit Blanc, a character in the 2019 American film <i><a href="/wiki/Knives_Out" title="Knives Out">Knives Out</a></i>, refers to <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> before admitting that he had not read it.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the standalone sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/Glass_Onion:_A_Knives_Out_Mystery" title="Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery">Glass Onion</a></i>, the novel physically appears, being read by <a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>An early scene in the 1988 American film <i><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mile_(film)" title="Miracle Mile (film)">Miracle Mile</a></i> features a character played by <a href="/wiki/Denise_Crosby" title="Denise Crosby">Denise Crosby</a> taking what appears to be a copy of a (fictional) study guide, <i><a href="/wiki/CliffsNotes" title="CliffsNotes">Cliff's Notes</a>: Gravity's Rainbow</i>, out of a briefcase and studies it for a short time. The film deals with the reaction of characters to an impending nuclear missile attack.</li>
<li>The novel appears in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Speaking about his video game <a href="/wiki/The_Witness_(2016_video_game)" title="The Witness (2016 video game)"><i>The Witness</i></a>, director <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Blow" title="Jonathan Blow">Jonathan Blow</a> said "I want to make games for people who like to read <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later elaborated:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<blockquote><p><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> is a very free book in a certain way. It doesn't care if you're following along exactly. It has a certain freedom and joy to it while also being pretty dark a lot of the time. I can't think of a game that has managed this emotional pan-spectrality of being very joyful and playful while simultaneously being bleak.</p></blockquote>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMendelson1976" class="citation book cs1">Mendelson, Edward (1976). "Gravity's Encyclopedia". In Levine, George; David Leverenz (eds.). <i>Mindful Pleasures: Essays on Thomas Pynchon</i>. Little, Brown. pp.&nbsp;161–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Gravity%27s+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=Mindful+Pleasures%3A+Essays+on+Thomas+Pynchon&amp;rft.pages=161-95&amp;rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.aulast=Mendelson&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span>
<ul><li>Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelson1986" class="citation book cs1">Mendelson, Edward (1986). "Gravity's Encyclopedia". In Bloom, Harold (ed.). <i>Thomas Pynchon's </i>Gravity's Rainbow<i>: Modern Critical Interpretations</i>. New Haven: Chelsea House. pp.&nbsp;29–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Gravity%27s+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.btitle=Thomas+Pynchon%27s+Gravity%27s+Rainbow%3A+Modern+Critical+Interpretations&amp;rft.place=New+Haven&amp;rft.pages=29-52&amp;rft.pub=Chelsea+House&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.aulast=Mendelson&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-nba1974-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nba1974_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nba1974_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1974">"National Book Awards 1974"</a>. <i>National Book Foundation</i>. (With essays by Casey Hicks and Chad Post from the Awards' 60-year anniversary blog. The acceptance speech by Irwin Corey is not reprinted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Book+Foundation&amp;rft.atitle=National+Book+Awards+1974&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalbook.org%2Fawards-prizes%2Fnational-book-awards-1974&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYT1974-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT1974_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT1974_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKihss1974" class="citation news cs1">Kihss, Peter (May 8, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/08/archives/pulitzer-jurors-his-third-novel.html">"Pulitzer Jurors Dismayed on Pynchon"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Pulitzer+Jurors+Dismayed+on+Pynchon&amp;rft.date=1974-05-08&amp;rft.aulast=Kihss&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F05%2F08%2Farchives%2Fpulitzer-jurors-his-third-novel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell1984" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Edwin (May 11, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/11/books/publishing-pulitzer-controversies.html">"Publishing: Pulitzer Controversies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p.&nbsp;C26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Publishing%3A+Pulitzer+Controversies&amp;rft.pages=C26&amp;rft.date=1984-05-11&amp;rft.aulast=McDowell&amp;rft.aufirst=Edwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F05%2F11%2Fbooks%2Fpublishing-pulitzer-controversies.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WWE-1973-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWE-1973_4-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1973">"1973 Award Winners &amp; Nominees"</a>. <i>Worlds Without End</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&amp;rft.atitle=1973+Award+Winners+%26+Nominees&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fbooks_year_index.asp%3Fyear%3D1973&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.time.com/2005/10/16/all-time-100-novels/">"ALL-Time 100 Novels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. October 16, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Time&amp;rft.atitle=ALL-Time+100+Novels&amp;rft.date=2005-10-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2005%2F10%2F16%2Fall-time-100-novels%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Almansi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Almansi_6-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Almansi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Almansi, p. 226: "<i>piu importante romanzo americano del secondo dopoguerra</i>, <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> <i>di Thomas Pynchon (romanzo mai pubblicato in Italia, con grande vergogna dell'editoria nazionale).</i>" English translation:  "most important American novel of the second post-war, <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> by Thomas Pynchon (a novel never published in Italy, to the great shame of the national publishing industry)". Almansi's comment is from 1994. <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> was translated and published in Italy in 1999.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thomaspynchon.com/rocket-power-gravitys-rainbow-reviewed-by-richard-poirier-1973/">"Review of Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow – Richard Poirier 1973"</a>. <i>thomaspynchon.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thomaspynchon.com&amp;rft.atitle=Review+of+Thomas+Pynchon%27s+Gravity%27s+Rainbow+%E2%80%93+Richard+Poirier+1973&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthomaspynchon.com%2Frocket-power-gravitys-rainbow-reviewed-by-richard-poirier-1973%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Howard, Gerald (Summer 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookforum.com/archive/sum_05/pynchon.htm">"Pynchon from A to V: Gerald Howard on Gravity's Rainbow"</a>. <i>Bookforum</i>. Summer | 2005: 6–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bookforum&amp;rft.atitle=Pynchon+from+A+to+V%3A+Gerald+Howard+on+Gravity%27s+Rainbow.&amp;rft.ssn=summer&amp;rft.volume=Summer+%7C+2005&amp;rft.pages=6-7&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.aulast=Howard&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerald&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookforum.com%2Farchive%2Fsum_05%2Fpynchon.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&nbsp;Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Von Braun, Wernher, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410213946/https://thomaspynchon.com/rocket-power-gravitys-rainbow-reviewed-by-richard-poirier-1973/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Why I Believe in Immortality"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomaspynchon.com/gravitys-rainbow/extra/von-braun.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Why+I+Believe+in+Immortality%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomaspynchon.com%2Fgravitys-rainbow%2Fextra%2Fvon-braun.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span>, in William Nichols (ed.), <i>The Third Book of Words to Live By</i>, Simon and Schuster, 1962, pp. 119–120.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisenburger1988" class="citation book cs1">Weisenburger, Steven (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/WeisenburgerAGravitysRainbowCompanion/Weisenburger%20-%20A%20Gravity%27s%20Rainbow%20Companion#page/n1/mode/2up"><i>A Gravity's Rainbow Companion: Sources and Contexts for Pynchon's Novel</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-1026-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-1026-3"><bdi>0-8203-1026-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Gravity%27s+Rainbow+Companion%3A+Sources+and+Contexts+for+Pynchon%27s+Novel&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=0-8203-1026-3&amp;rft.aulast=Weisenburger&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FWeisenburgerAGravitysRainbowCompanion%2FWeisenburger%2520-%2520A%2520Gravity%2527s%2520Rainbow%2520Companion%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisenburger, "Part 2: Un Perm au Casino Hermann Goering", p. 105: "The epigraph derives from a <i>New York Times</i> feature of September 21, 1969, entitled 'How Fay Met Kong...'"</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ham.muohio.edu/~krafftjm/pn/pn011.pdf"><i>Pynchon Notes</i> 11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909225324/http://www.ham.muohio.edu/~krafftjm/pn/pn011.pdf">Archived</a> September 9, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, February 1983, p. 64.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare" class="citation web cs1">Ware, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thomaspynchon.com/wp-content/uploads/GravitysRainbowCharacters.pdf">"Gravity's Rainbow Characters – diagram"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ThomasPynchon.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ThomasPynchon.com&amp;rft.atitle=Gravity%27s+Rainbow+Characters+%E2%80%93+diagram&amp;rft.aulast=Ware&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthomaspynchon.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FGravitysRainbowCharacters.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sissman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sissman_14-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/L._E._Sissman" title="L. E. Sissman">Sissman, L. E.</a> (1973) <i>Hieronymus and Robert Bosch: The Art of Thomas Pynchon.</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> 49, May 19, 1973, pp.&nbsp;138–40.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tanner, p. 74: "There are over 400 characters ... there are many discernible ... plots ... these plots touch and intersect, or diverge and separate."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYTLocke73-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTLocke73_16-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Locke_(critic)" title="Richard Locke (critic)">Richard Locke</a>, book <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomaspynchon.com/gravitys-rainbow/reviews.html">review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113125756/http://www.thomaspynchon.com/gravitys-rainbow/reviews.html">Archived</a> January 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i>, March 11, 1973</span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelson1978" class="citation book cs1">Mendelson, Edward (1978). <i>Pynchon: A Collection of Critical Essays</i>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780137447060" title="Special:BookSources/9780137447060"><bdi>9780137447060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pynchon%3A+A+Collection+of+Critical+Essays&amp;rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=9780137447060&amp;rft.aulast=Mendelson&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On page 652 of the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a> <a href="/wiki/Deluxe_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluxe Edition">Deluxe Edition</a>: "It is a situation not without its chances for a good practical joke now and then—poor Nora will be suckered into séances that wouldn't fool your great-aunt, visits from the likes of Ronald Cherrycoke in a Jesus Christ getup, whistling down the wires into a hidden ultraviolet baby spot where he will start fluorescing in most questionable taste, blithering odd bits of Gospel together, reaching from his crucified altitudes to actually cop feels of Nora's girdled behind..."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYTimes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_19-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon.1973" class="citation news cs1">Anon. (February 15, 1973). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/15/archives/briefs-on-the-arts-new-magazine-out-on-architecture-save-zoom-fight.html">"Briefs on the Arts"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p.&nbsp;53 – via <a href="/wiki/TimesMachine" class="mw-redirect" title="TimesMachine">TimesMachine</a>. <q>Viking Press plans to bring out Thomas Pynchon's new 760‐page novel, "Gravity's Rainbow," on March 14 simultaneously in hard‐cover and soft‐cover editions priced at $15 and $4.95, respectively.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Briefs+on+the+Arts&amp;rft.pages=53&amp;rft.date=1973-02-15&amp;rft.au=Anon.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F02%2F15%2Farchives%2Fbriefs-on-the-arts-new-magazine-out-on-architecture-save-zoom-fight.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-inflation-US-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_20-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&amp;rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=McCusker&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.aulast=McCusker&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&amp;rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke,_Richard1973" class="citation web cs1">Locke, Richard (March 11, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/18/reviews/pynchon-rainbow.html?_r=2">"One of the Longest, Most Difficult, Most Ambitious Novels in Years"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=One+of+the+Longest%2C+Most+Difficult%2C+Most+Ambitious+Novels+in+Years&amp;rft.date=1973-03-11&amp;rft.au=Locke%2C+Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F97%2F05%2F18%2Freviews%2Fpynchon-rainbow.html%3F_r%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoirier,_Richard1973" class="citation web cs1">Poirier, Richard (March 3, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thomaspynchon.com/rocket-power-gravitys-rainbow-reviewed-by-richard-poirier-1973/">"Rocket Power – Gravity's Rainbow Reviewed by Richard Poirier – 1973"</a>. thomaspynchon.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rocket+Power+%E2%80%93+Gravity%27s+Rainbow+Reviewed+by+Richard+Poirier+%E2%80%93+1973&amp;rft.pub=thomaspynchon.com&amp;rft.date=1973-03-03&amp;rft.au=Poirier%2C+Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthomaspynchon.com%2Frocket-power-gravitys-rainbow-reviewed-by-richard-poirier-1973%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Artur Lundkvist <i>Fantasi med realism</i>, Liber förlag 1979 p.174-180</span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anthonyburgess.org/blog-posts/burgess-and-american-literature-part-three-thomas-pynchon/">"Burgess and American Literature Part Three: Thomas Pynchon"</a>. anthonyburgess.com. July 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burgess+and+American+Literature+Part+Three%3A+Thomas+Pynchon&amp;rft.pub=anthonyburgess.com&amp;rft.date=2013-07-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anthonyburgess.org%2Fblog-posts%2Fburgess-and-american-literature-part-three-thomas-pynchon%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLethem1998" class="citation news cs1">Lethem, Jonathan (June 1998). "Close Encounters: The Squandered Promise of Science Fiction". <i>The Village Voice</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&amp;rft.atitle=Close+Encounters%3A+The+Squandered+Promise+of+Science+Fiction&amp;rft.date=1998-06&amp;rft.aulast=Lethem&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemley,_John2023" class="citation web cs1">Semley, John (February 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/living-under-gravitys-rainbow-thomas-pynchon/">"We're All Living Under Gravity's Rainbow"</a>. Wired.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=We%27re+All+Living+Under+Gravity%27s+Rainbow&amp;rft.pub=Wired&amp;rft.date=2023-02-18&amp;rft.au=Semley%2C+John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fliving-under-gravitys-rainbow-thomas-pynchon%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/18/reviews/pynchon-vineland.html">"The New York Times: Book Review Search Article"</a>. <i>archive.nytimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times%3A+Book+Review+Search+Article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F97%2F05%2F18%2Freviews%2Fpynchon-vineland.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pöhlmann, Sascha. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&amp;UID=4900">Gravity's Rainbow</a>". <i>The Literary Encyclopedia</i>. First published October 24, 2006, accessed March 17, 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Weisenburger-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisenburger_29-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisenburger_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven C. Weisenburger <i>A Gravity's Rainbow Companion: Sources and Contexts for Pynchon's Novel</i>, Introduction, University of Georgia Press 2006</span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorey1996" class="citation journal cs1">Corey, Irwin (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pynchonnotes.openlibhums.org/article/id/2573/">"Professor Irwin Corey Accepts the National Book Award for Thomas Pynchon"</a>. <i>Pynchon Notes</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fpn.188">10.16995/pn.188</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pynchon+Notes&amp;rft.atitle=Professor+Irwin+Corey+Accepts+the+National+Book+Award+for+Thomas+Pynchon&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.16995%2Fpn.188&amp;rft.aulast=Corey&amp;rft.aufirst=Irwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpynchonnotes.openlibhums.org%2Farticle%2Fid%2F2573%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitt2011" class="citation news cs1">Witt, Emily (November 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2011/10/irwin-corey-thomas-pynchons-stand-in-still-up-to-his-old-tricks/">"Irwin Corey, Thomas Pynchon's Stand-in, Still Up to His Old Tricks"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Observer&amp;rft.atitle=Irwin+Corey%2C+Thomas+Pynchon%27s+Stand-in%2C+Still+Up+to+His+Old+Tricks&amp;rft.date=2011-11-10&amp;rft.aulast=Witt&amp;rft.aufirst=Emily&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2011%2F10%2Firwin-corey-thomas-pynchons-stand-in-still-up-to-his-old-tricks%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Professor_Irwin_Corey%27s_acceptance_speech">"Professor Irwin Corey's acceptance speech"</a>. <i>Pynchon Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pynchon+Wiki&amp;rft.atitle=Professor+Irwin+Corey%27s+acceptance+speech&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagainst-the-day.pynchonwiki.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DProfessor_Irwin_Corey%2527s_acceptance_speech&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konzett, p. 16</span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pruefstand7.de/e/download/download.html">"Prüfstand 7 – Download"</a>. <i>www.pruefstand7.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.pruefstand7.de&amp;rft.atitle=Pr%C3%BCfstand+7+%E2%80%93+Download&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pruefstand7.de%2Fe%2Fdownload%2Fdownload.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=722">"Whip It"</a>. <i>Songfacts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Songfacts.com&amp;rft.atitle=Whip+It&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songfacts.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D722&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapageorge" class="citation web cs1">Papageorge, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070353/http://www.transmitmedia.com/svr/vault/anderson/ander_transcript.html">"Laurie Anderson interview"</a>. Silicon Valley Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transmitmedia.com/svr/vault/anderson/ander_transcript.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laurie+Anderson+interview&amp;rft.pub=Silicon+Valley+Radio&amp;rft.aulast=Papageorge&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transmitmedia.com%2Fsvr%2Fvault%2Fanderson%2Fander_transcript.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102230606/http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_music_cassiber.html">"Cassiber's use of <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> texts"</a>. <i>The Modern Word</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_music_cassiber.html">the original</a> on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Word&amp;rft.atitle=Cassiber%27s+use+of+Gravity%27s+Rainbow+texts&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themodernword.com%2Fpynchon%2Fpynchon_music_cassiber.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Interview: David Lowery of Cracker and Camper Van Beethoven". Popgurls.com. June 4, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/TV-Girl-3/Taking-What-s-Not-Yours">"Taking What's Not Yours"</a>. <i>musixmatch.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=musixmatch.com&amp;rft.atitle=Taking+What%27s+Not+Yours&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musixmatch.com%2Flyrics%2FTV-Girl-3%2FTaking-What-s-Not-Yours&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/The-Paranoids-The-Love-Job/release/3124812">"The Paranoids – the Love Job (1980, Vinyl)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></i>. 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Discogs&amp;rft.atitle=The+Paranoids+%E2%80%93+the+Love+Job+%281980%2C+Vinyl%29&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FThe-Paranoids-The-Love-Job%2Frelease%2F3124812&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd" class="citation news cs1">Shepherd, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kerrang.com/features/the-useds-bert-mccracken-on-sobriety-survival-and-the-scars-of-the-past/">"Bert McCracken: 'The Used Made It Awful for all the True Punk Bands, We Weren't Afraid of Radio or MTV'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Kerrang!</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Kerrang%21&amp;rft.atitle=Bert+McCracken%3A+%27The+Used+Made+It+Awful+for+all+the+True+Punk+Bands%2C+We+Weren%27t+Afraid+of+Radio+or+MTV%27&amp;rft.aulast=Shepherd&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kerrang.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-useds-bert-mccracken-on-sobriety-survival-and-the-scars-of-the-past%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Zak. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050603004305/http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/zak_smith/title.htm">"Zak Smith's Illustrations For Each Page of "Gravity's Rainbow"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Modern Word</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/zak_smith/title.htm">the original</a> on June 3, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Word&amp;rft.atitle=Zak+Smith%27s+Illustrations+For+Each+Page+of+%22Gravity%27s+Rainbow%22&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Zak&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themodernword.com%2Fpynchon%2Fzak_smith%2Ftitle.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Zak (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bookdepository.com/Pictures-Showing-What-Happens-on-Each-Page-Thomas-Pynchons-Novel-Gravitys-Rainbow-Zak-Smith/9780977312795"><i>Pictures Showing What Happens on Each Page of Thomas Pynchon's Novel "Gravity's Rainbow", by Zak Smith</i></a>. Tin House Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780977312795" title="Special:BookSources/9780977312795"><bdi>9780977312795</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pictures+Showing+What+Happens+on+Each+Page+of+Thomas+Pynchon%27s+Novel+%22Gravity%27s+Rainbow%22%2C+by+Zak+Smith&amp;rft.pub=Tin+House+Books&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9780977312795&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Zak&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookdepository.com%2FPictures-Showing-What-Happens-on-Each-Page-Thomas-Pynchons-Novel-Gravitys-Rainbow-Zak-Smith%2F9780977312795&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1999" class="citation news cs1">Harris, William (December 19, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/19/arts/art-architecture-he-dropped-out-of-drugs-and-put-them-in-his-art.html">"ART/ARCHITECTURE; He Dropped Out Of Drugs, and Put Them in His Art"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=ART%2FARCHITECTURE%3B+He+Dropped+Out+Of+Drugs%2C+and+Put+Them+in+His+Art&amp;rft.date=1999-12-19&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F19%2Farts%2Fart-architecture-he-dropped-out-of-drugs-and-put-them-in-his-art.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Knives-Out-Rian-Johnson-Gravitys-Rainbow-14885872.php">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Knives Out' director Rian Johnson explains Daniel Craig's 'Gravity's Rainbow' joke"</a>. <i>www.sfgate.com</i>. December 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.sfgate.com&amp;rft.atitle=%27Knives+Out%27+director+Rian+Johnson+explains+Daniel+Craig%27s+%27Gravity%27s+Rainbow%27+joke&amp;rft.date=2019-12-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fmovies%2Farticle%2FKnives-Out-Rian-Johnson-Gravitys-Rainbow-14885872.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/glass-onion-gravitys-rainbow-knives-out-reference-continue/">"Glass Onion Continues One Of Knives Out's Strangest References"</a>. <i>screenrant.com</i>. December 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=screenrant.com&amp;rft.atitle=Glass+Onion+Continues+One+Of+Knives+Out%27s+Strangest+References&amp;rft.date=2022-12-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fglass-onion-gravitys-rainbow-knives-out-reference-continue%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValcarel" class="citation magazine cs1">Valcarel, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2014/11/interstellar-murphs-library/#x">"9 Easter Eggs From the Bookshelf in Interstellar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wired&amp;rft.atitle=9+Easter+Eggs+From+the+Bookshelf+in+Interstellar&amp;rft.aulast=Valcarel&amp;rft.aufirst=Josh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2014%2F11%2Finterstellar-murphs-library%2F%23x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2016" class="citation web cs1">Marsh, Calum (January 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/27/jonathan-blow-designer-video-games-braid-the-witness">"Jonathan Blow: 'I want to make games for people who read Gravity's Rainbow'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Jonathan+Blow%3A+%27I+want+to+make+games+for+people+who+read+Gravity%27s+Rainbow%27&amp;rft.date=2016-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Marsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Calum&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2Fjan%2F27%2Fjonathan-blow-designer-video-games-braid-the-witness&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuul" class="citation web cs1">Juul, Jesper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jesperjuul.net/handmadepixels/interviews/blow.html">"Interview with Jonathan Blow"</a>. <i>Handmade Pixels</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Handmade+Pixels&amp;rft.atitle=Interview+with+Jonathan+Blow&amp;rft.aulast=Juul&amp;rft.aufirst=Jesper&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesperjuul.net%2Fhandmadepixels%2Finterviews%2Fblow.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravity%27s+Rainbow" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li>Almansi, Guido, <i>L'estetica dell'osceno</i>, Madrid: Akal, 1977, (in Spanish) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7339-286-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-7339-286-8">84-7339-286-8</a></li>
<li>Booker, M. Keith, <i>Techniques of Subversion in Modern Literature: Transgression, Abjection, and the Carnivalesque</i>, University Press of Florida, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1065-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1065-9">0-8130-1065-9</a></li>
<li>Konzett, Matthias and Margarete Lamb-Faffelberger, <i>Elfriede Jelinek: writing woman, nation, and identity: a critical anthology</i>, Madison NJ, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-4154-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-4154-7">0-8386-4154-7</a></li>
<li>Levine, George Lewis, <i>Mindful pleasures: essays on Thomas Pynchon</i>, Boston: Little, Brown, 1976, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-52230-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-52230-9">0-316-52230-9</a></li>
<li>Moore, Thomas, <i>The style of connectedness: Gravity's rainbow and Thomas Pynchon</i>, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-0625-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-0625-5">0-8262-0625-5</a></li>
<li>Pöhlmann, Sascha, "Gravity's Rainbow". <i>The Literary Encyclopedia</i>. First published October 24, 2006.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&amp;UID=4900,">accessed 17 March 2013</a>.</li>
<li>Schwab, Gabriele, <i>Subjects Without Selves: Transitional Texts in Modern Fiction</i>, Harvard University Press,1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-85381-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-85381-4">0-674-85381-4</a></li>
<li>Tanner, Tony, <i>Thomas Pynchon</i>, London and New York: Methuen, 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-416-31670-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-416-31670-0">0-416-31670-0</a></li>
<li>Weisenburger, Steven, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/WeisenburgerAGravitysRainbowCompanion/Weisenburger%20-%20A%20Gravity%27s%20Rainbow%20Companion#page/n9/mode/2up">A Gravity's Rainbow Companion</a></i>, University of Georgia Press, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-1026-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-1026-3">0-8203-1026-3</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravity%27s_Rainbow&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a></b></i>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/WeisenburgerAGravitysRainbowCompanion/Weisenburger%20-%20A%20Gravity%27s%20Rainbow%20Companion#page/n9/mode/2up/"><i>A Gravity's Rainbow Companion</i> by Steven Weisenburger</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pynchoninpublicpodcast.com/reading-guides/gravitys-rainbow-reading-guide/"><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> episodes at the Pynchon in Public Podcast</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomaspynchon.com/pynchon-cover-art/gravitys-rainbow/"><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> Cover Art Over Time @ ThomasPynchon.com</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/"><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> Wiki @ PynchonWiki.com</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conceptualfiction.com/gravitys_rainbow.html"><i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> review by Ted Gioia (Conceptual Fiction)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005162822/http://www.conceptualfiction.com/gravitys_rainbow.html">Archived</a> October 5, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomaspynchon.com/how-to-identify-a-gravitys-rainbow-first-edition/">"How to Identify a Gravity's Rainbow First Edition: Hardcover and Paperback"</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thomaspynchon.com/wp-content/uploads/GravitysRainbowCharacters.pdf">A PDF map of how characters connect to each other in <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>.</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;">


<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&nbsp;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(John_Barth_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimera (John Barth novel)">Chimera</a></i><br><a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a> </b><br>1974        <br>With: <b> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a></i><br><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> </b>
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&nbsp;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Soldiers_(novel)" title="Dog Soldiers (novel)">Dog Soldiers</a></i><br><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stone_(novelist)" title="Robert Stone (novelist)">Robert Stone</a></div>
</td></tr>

<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&nbsp;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(Williams_novel)" title="Augustus (Williams novel)">Augustus</a></i><br><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Williams" title="John Edward Williams">John Edward Williams</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&nbsp;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hair_of_Harold_Roux" title="The Hair of Harold Roux">The Hair of Harold Roux</a></i><br><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(writer)" title="Thomas Williams (writer)">Thomas Williams</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_Thomas_Pynchon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><button type="button" class="mw-collapsible-toggle 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thomas_Pynchon" title="Template:Thomas Pynchon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thomas_Pynchon" title="Template talk:Thomas Pynchon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas_Pynchon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas Pynchon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Thomas_Pynchon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon_bibliography" title="Thomas Pynchon bibliography">Works</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a></div></th></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/V." title="V.">V.</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crying_of_Lot_49" title="The Crying of Lot 49">The Crying of Lot 49</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Vineland" title="Vineland">Vineland</a></i> (1990)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon" title="Mason &amp; Dixon">Mason &amp; Dixon</a></i> (1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Against_the_Day" title="Against the Day">Against the Day</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Inherent_Vice" title="Inherent Vice">Inherent Vice</a></i> (2009)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Edge_(novel)" title="Bleeding Edge (novel)">Bleeding Edge</a></i> (2013)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short-story collection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Slow_Learner" title="Slow Learner">Slow Learner</a></i> (1984)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inherent_Vice_(film)" title="Inherent Vice (film)">Inherent Vice</a></i> (2014)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction_(1950–1974)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><button type="button" class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"><span class="mw-collapsible-text">show</span></button><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NBA_for_Fiction_1950%E2%80%931974" title="Template:NBA for Fiction 1950–1974"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NBA_for_Fiction_1950%E2%80%931974" title="Template talk:NBA for Fiction 1950–1974"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NBA_for_Fiction_1950%E2%80%931974" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NBA for Fiction 1950–1974"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction_(1950–1974)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a> (1950–1974)</div></th></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Arm_(novel)" title="The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)">The Man with the Golden Arm</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Algren" title="Nelson Algren">Nelson Algren</a> (1950)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories of William Faulkner</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1951)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity_(novel)" title="From Here to Eternity (novel)">From Here to Eternity</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Jones_(author)" title="James Jones (author)">James Jones</a> (1952)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Man" title="Invisible Man">Invisible Man</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> (1953)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Augie_March" title="The Adventures of Augie March">The Adventures of Augie March</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1954)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_North_Frederick" title="Ten North Frederick">Ten North Frederick</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Hara" title="John O'Hara">John O'Hara</a> (1956)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Field_of_Vision" title="The Field of Vision">The Field of Vision</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1957)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wapshot_Chronicle" title="The Wapshot Chronicle">The Wapshot Chronicle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Barrel" title="The Magic Barrel">The Magic Barrel</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1959)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Columbus" title="Goodbye, Columbus">Goodbye, Columbus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waters_of_Kronos" title="The Waters of Kronos">The Waters of Kronos</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1961)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moviegoer" title="The Moviegoer">The Moviegoer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Walker_Percy" title="Walker Percy">Walker Percy</a> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Morte_d%27Urban" title="Morte d'Urban">Morte d'Urban</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/J._F._Powers" title="J. F. Powers">J. F. Powers</a> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Herzog_(novel)" title="Herzog (novel)">Herzog</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Day_(Wilder_novel)" title="The Eighth Day (Wilder novel)">The Eighth Day</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Steps_(book)" title="Steps (book)">Steps</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1969)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Them_(novel)" title="Them (novel)">them</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1970)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Sammler%27s_Planet" title="Mr. Sammler's Planet">Mr. Sammler's Planet</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1971)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(O%27Connor)" title="The Complete Stories (O'Connor)">The Complete Stories</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(Barth_novel)" title="Chimera (Barth novel)">Chimera</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth</a> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(Williams_novel)" title="Augustus (Williams novel)">Augustus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Williams" title="John Edward Williams">John Williams</a> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (1974)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:NBA_for_Fiction" title="Template:NBA for Fiction">Complete list</a></li>
<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:NBA_for_Fiction_1950%E2%80%931974" title="Template:NBA for Fiction 1950–1974">1950–1974</a>)</li>
<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:NBA_for_Fiction_1975%E2%80%931999" title="Template:NBA for Fiction 1975–1999">1975–1999</a>)</li>
<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:NBA_for_Fiction_2000%E2%80%932024" title="Template:NBA for Fiction 2000–2024">2000–2024</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orpheus_and_Eurydice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><button type="button" class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"><span class="mw-collapsible-text">show</span></button><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Template:Orpheus and Eurydice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Template talk:Orpheus and Eurydice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orpheus and Eurydice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orpheus_and_Eurydice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a></div></th></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice" title="Eurydice">Eurydice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Orphean_operas" title="List of Orphean operas">Orphean operas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Euridice_(Peri)" title="Euridice (Peri)">Euridice</a></i> (1600, Peri)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Euridice_(Caccini)" title="Euridice (Caccini)">Euridice</a></i> (1602, Caccini)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orfeo" title="L'Orfeo">L'Orfeo</a></i> (1607, Monteverdi)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_dolente" title="Orfeo dolente">Orfeo dolente</a></i> (1616, Belli)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/La_morte_d%27Orfeo" title="La morte d'Orfeo">La morte d'Orfeo</a></i> (1619, Landi)f</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_(Rossi)" title="Orfeo (Rossi)">Orfeo</a></i> (1647, Rossi)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_(Sartorio)" title="Orfeo (Sartorio)">Orfeo</a></i> (1672, Sartorio)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/La_descente_d%27Orph%C3%A9e_aux_enfers" title="La descente d'Orphée aux enfers">La descente d'Orphée aux enfers</a></i> (c. 1686, Charpentier)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(Telemann)" title="Orpheus (Telemann)">Orpheus</a></i> (1726, Telemann)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_ed_Euridice" title="Orfeo ed Euridice">Orfeo ed Euridice</a></i> (1762, Gluck)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_ed_Euridice_discography" title="Orfeo ed Euridice discography">discography</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27anima_del_filosofo" title="L'anima del filosofo">L'anima del filosofo</a></i> (1791, Haydn)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_in_the_Underworld" title="Orpheus in the Underworld">Orpheus in the Underworld</a></i> (1858, Offenbach)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_und_Eurydike" title="Orpheus und Eurydike">Orpheus und Eurydike</a></i> (1921, Krenek)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orfeide" title="L'Orfeide">L'Orfeide</a></i> (1925, Malipiero)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice_(rock_opera)" title="Orpheus and Eurydice (rock opera)">Orpheus and Eurydice</a></i> (1975, Zhurbin, rock opera)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Orpheus" title="The Mask of Orpheus">The Mask of Orpheus</a></i> (1986, Birtwistle)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Mrs_Kong" title="The Second Mrs Kong">The Second Mrs Kong</a></i> (1994, Birtwistle)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Corridor_(opera)" title="The Corridor (opera)">The Corridor</a></i> (2009, Birtwistle)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_(Aucoin)" title="Eurydice (Aucoin)">Eurydice</a></i> (2020, Aucoin)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadestown" title="Hadestown">Hadestown</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!_(musical)" title="Moulin Rouge! (musical)">Moulin Rouge! The Musical</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_(Anouilh_play)" title="Eurydice (Anouilh play)"><i>Eurydice</i>/<i>Point of Departure</i></a> (1941, Anouilh)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeu_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Orfeu da Conceição">Orfeu da Conceição</a></i> (1956, de Moraes)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_Descending" title="Orpheus Descending">Orpheus Descending</a></i> (1957, Williams)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_(Ruhl_play)" title="Eurydice (Ruhl play)"><i>Eurydice</i></a> (2003, Ruhl)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orphic_Trilogy" title="The Orphic Trilogy">The Orphic Trilogy</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_a_Poet" title="The Blood of a Poet">The Blood of a Poet</a></i> (1930)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(film)" title="Orpheus (film)">Orphée</a></i> (1950)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Orpheus" title="Testament of Orpheus">Testament of Orpheus</a></i> (1960)</li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Orpheus" title="Black Orpheus">Black Orpheus</a></i> (1959)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Euridice_BA_2037" title="Euridice BA 2037">Euridice BA 2037</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Parking_(1985_film)" title="Parking (1985 film)">Parking</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shredder_Orpheus" title="Shredder Orpheus">Shredder Orpheus</a></i> (1989)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeu" title="Orfeu">Orfeu</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!" title="Moulin Rouge!">Moulin Rouge!</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Ain%27t_Seen_Nothin%27_Yet_(film)" title="You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet (film)">You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet!</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i> (c. late thirteenth century)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Orpheus_and_Erudices_his_Quene" title="The Tale of Orpheus and Erudices his Quene">The Tale of Orpheus and Erudices his Quene</a></i> (c. 1480)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonnets_to_Orpheus" title="Sonnets to Orpheus">Sonnets to Orpheus</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Wife" title="The World's Wife">Eurydice</a>" (1999)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Einstein_Intersection" title="The Einstein Intersection">The Einstein Intersection</a></i> (1967)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Medusa_Frequency" title="The Medusa Frequency">The Medusa Frequency</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ground_Beneath_Her_Feet" title="The Ground Beneath Her Feet">The Ground Beneath Her Feet</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Veniss_Underground" title="Veniss Underground">Veniss Underground</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/L%27Esprit_de_L%27Escalier" title="L'Esprit de L'Escalier">L'Esprit de L'Escalier</a>" (2021)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice">Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Poem_Strip" title="Poem Strip">Poem Strip</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_(Manos_Hatzidakis_album)" title="Reflections (Manos Hatzidakis album)">Reflections</a></i> (1970)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Abattoir_Blues_/_The_Lyre_of_Orpheus" title="Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus">Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorpheus" title="Metamorpheus">Metamorpheus</a></i> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadestown_(album)" title="Hadestown (album)">Hadestown</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orfeas_(album)" title="Orfeas (album)">Orfeas</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflektor" title="Reflektor">Reflektor</a></i> (2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wasteland,_Baby!" title="Wasteland, Baby!">Wasteland, Baby!</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(ballet)" title="Orpheus (ballet)"><i>Orpheus</i></a> (1948)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chaconne_(ballet)" title="Chaconne (ballet)"><i>Chaconne</i></a> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_Alive" title="Orpheus Alive">Orpheus Alive</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hades_(video_game)" title="Hades (video game)"><i>Hades</i></a> (2020)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Olympus" title="The Battle of Olympus">The Battle of Olympus</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Look_Back_(video_game)" title="Don't Look Back (video game)">Don't Look Back</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gaze_of_Orpheus" title="The Gaze of Orpheus">The Gaze of Orpheus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_Monument" title="Orpheus Monument">Orpheus Monument</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_no_Mado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orpheus no Mado">Orpheus no Mado</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul>
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